Browse Topic: Imaging and visualization

Items (6,525)
Speed bump detection through computer vision and deep learning is essential for advancing active suspension preview control and intelligent driving. Although substantial progress has been made in this field, there remains a need to enhance detection accuracy while reducing computational demands. This article introduces a novel single-stage speed bump detector, the Speed Bump Detector Based on You Only Look Once (SBD-YOLO), which utilizes the YOLOv9 architecture for speed bump identification. To better capture the deep global features of speed bumps, we propose an innovative convolutional module—specifically, a lightweight building block designed for efficient feature extraction—named the Aggregated-MBConv. Furthermore, we design a new YOLO backbone by stacking Mobile Inverted Bottleneck Convolution (MBConv) and Aggregated-MBConv modules, which reduces computational cost while enhancing detection accuracy. Additionally, we introduce a Squeeze-aggregated Excitation (SaE) attention
Mao, RuichiWu, JianWu, YukaiWang, HuiliangLi, JunWu, Guangqiang
Potholes are a common road hazard that significantly compromise road safety. Water filled potholes can be particularly dangerous. These hidden hazards may cause vehicles to hydroplane [1], leading to a loss of control and potential collisions. At night or in low visibility conditions, such potholes can appear deceptively shallow, increasing the risk of severe suspension damage or tire blowouts. Additionally, deep water intrusion can affect critical components such as the exhaust system, air intake, or electrical wiring, potentially leading to engine stalling or short circuits. This research proposes a novel approach for identifying and determining the depth of potholes, especially those that are filled with water. By integrating YOLO, cutting edge computer vision methods like stereo imaging and Lidar. We hope to create a system that can precisely detect and evaluate potholes' severity, reducing the risks connected to these road hazards. A structured 2k factorial Design of Experiment
Ashok, DeekshaKumar, PradeepSingh, Amandeep
In area of modern manufacturing, ensuring product quality and minimizing defects are utmost important for maintaining competitive advantage and customer satisfaction. This paper presents an innovative approach to detect defect by leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) models trained using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) data. Traditional defect detection methods often rely on physical inspection, which can be time-consuming and prone to human error. The conventional method of developing an AI model requires a physical part data, By utilizing CAD data, the time to develop an AI model and implementing it to production line station can be saved drastically. This approach involves the use of AI algorithms trained on CAD models to detect and classify defects in real-time. The field trial results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in various industrial applications, highlighting its potential to revolutionize defect detection in manufacturing.
Kulkarni, Prasad RameshSahu, DilipJoshi, ChandrashekharKhatavkar, AkshayPoddar, ShivaniDeep, Amar
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is radically transforming the automotive industry, particularly in the domain of passenger vehicles where personalization, safety, diagnostics, and efficiency. This paper presents an exploration of AI/ML applications through quadrant of the key pillars: Customer Experience (CX), Vehicle Diagnostics, Lifecycle Management, and Connected Technologies. Through detailed use cases, including AI-powered active suspension systems, intelligent fault code prioritization, and eco-routing strategies, we demonstrate how AI models such as machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision are reshaping both the user experience and engineering workflow of modern electric vehicles (EVs). This paper combines simulations, pseudo-algorithms and data-centric examples of the combined depth of functionality and deployment readiness of these technologies. In addition to technical effectiveness, the paper also discusses the challenges at field level in adopting AI at scale i.e
Hazra, SandipTangadpalliwar, SonaliKhan, Arkadip
Vehicle door-related accidents, especially in urban environments, pose a significant safety risk to pedestrians, infrastructure and vehicle occupants. Conventional rear view systems fails to detect obstacles in blind spots directly below the Outside Rear View Mirror (ORVM), leading to unintended collisions during door opening. This paper presents a novel vision-based obstacle detection system integrated into the ORVM assembly. It utilizes the monocular camera and a projection-based reference image technique. The system captures real-time images of the ground surface near the door and compares them with calibrated reference projections to detect deviations caused by obstacles such as pavements, potholes or curbs. Once such an obstacle is detected the vehicle user is alerted in the form of a chime.
Bhuyan, AnuragKhandekar, DhirajJahagirdar, Shweta
Recent regulations limiting brake dust emissions have presented many challenges to the brake engineering community. The objective of this paper is to provide a low cost, mass production solution utilizing well known existing technologies to meet brake emissions requirements. The proposed process is to alloy the Gray Cast Iron with Niobium and subsequently Ferritic Nitrocarburize (FNC) the disc. The Niobium addition will improve the wear resistance of the FNC case, reducing wear debris. The test methodology included: 1. Manufacture of disc samples alloyed with Niobium, 2. Finish machining and ferritic nitrocarburizing and 3. Evaluation of airborne wear debris utilizing a pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with emission collection capability. The airborne emission and wear surfaces were further analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive techniques (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Diffraction and Optical Microscopy. The cast iron test matrix included four groups; Unalloyed eutectic 4.3
Barile, BernardoHolly, Mike
Computer vision has evolved from a supportive driver-assistance tool into a core technology for intelligent, non-intrusive occupant health monitoring in modern vehicles. Leveraging deep learning, edge optimization, and adaptive image processing, this work presents a dual-module Driver Health and Wellness Monitoring System that simultaneously performs fatigue detection and emotional wellbeing assessment using existing in-cabin RGB cameras without requiring additional sensors or intrusive wearables. The fatigue module employs MediaPipe-based facial and skeletal landmark analysis to track Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), Mouth Aspect Ratio (MAR), head posture, and gaze dynamics, detecting early drowsiness and postural deviations. Adaptive, driver-specific thresholds combined with CAN-bus data fusion minimize false positives, achieving over 92% detection accuracy even under variable lighting and demographics. The emotional wellbeing module analyzes micro-expressions and facial action units to
Iqbal, ShoaibImteyaz, Shahma
Accurate trajectory prediction of traffic agents is critical for enabling safer and more reliable autonomous driving, particularly in urban driving scenarios where close-range interactions are most safety critical. High-definition (HD) and standard-definition (SD) maps play a vital role in this process by providing lane topology and directional cues for forecasting agent movements. However, HD maps are expensive and resource-intensive to create, often requiring specialized sensors, while SD maps lack the precision needed for reliable autonomous navigation. To address this, we propose a novel framework for trajectory prediction that leverages online reconstruction of HD maps using vehicle-mounted cameras, offering a scalable and cost-effective alternative. Our method achieves improvements in predicting accuracy, particularly in close-range scenarios, the most crucial for urban driving, while also performing robustly in settings without pre-built maps. Furthermore, we introduce a new
Upreti, MinaliGirijal, RahulB A, NaveenKumarThontepu, PhaniGhosh, ShankhanilChakraborty, Bodhisattwa
Vibration is one of the prominent factors that determine the quality & comfort level of a vehicle. Moreover, if vibration occurs in areas that are almost entirely within customer touchpoints, it could become a critical factor behind vehicle comfort and affects the brand image within the market negatively. The interior rear-view mirror (IRVM) is one of the important components inside passenger cabin, providing drivers with a clear view of the rear traffic. However, vibrations induced by engine operation, road irregularities, and aerodynamic forces can cause the IRVM to oscillate, leading to image blurriness and compromised visibility and safety. This paper investigates the underlying causes of IRVM vibration and its impact on rear visibility. Through experimental analysis we identify key factors contributing to mirror instability. The findings indicate the specific frequencies of vibration, particularly those resonating with the mirror's natural frequency, significantly exacerbating
Khan, Aamir NavedSaraswat, VivekJha, KartikSingh, HemendraSeenivasan, GokulramKhan, Nafees
The exceptional strength, formability, and weldability of S550MC steel sheets make them a cornerstone material in the automotive industry. These properties translate into the creation of high-performance automotive components like chassis parts, structural reinforcements, ultimately contributing to enhanced vehicle safety and overall performance. Furthermore, S550MC steel boasts excellent fatigue resistance, a critical factor for ensuring long-term reliability in demanding automotive applications that experience repeated stress cycles. However, optimizing the performance of S550MC components depends on a fine understanding of the critical relationship between hole edge quality and fatigue failure. This study highlights the impact of hole-piercing clearance on the edge quality of the hole in modified fatigue samples manufactured from S550MC steel, and its effect on fatigue life. The surface morphology was characterized by using stereoscope for edge quality of hole piercing operation
Nahalde, SujayHingalje, AbhijeetUghade, VikasSingh, UditaMore, Hemant
The automotive industry is rapidly advancing towards autonomous vehicles, making sensors such as Cameras, LiDAR, and RADAR critical components for ensuring constant information exchange between the vehicle and its surrounding environment. However, these sensors are vulnerable to harsh environmental conditions like rain, dirt, snow, and bird droppings, which can impair their functionality and disrupt accurate vehicle maneuvers. To ensure all sensors operate effectively, dedicated cleaning is implemented, particularly for Level 3 and higher autonomous vehicles. It is important to test sensor cleaning mechanisms across different weather conditions and vehicle operating scenarios to ensure reliability and performance. One crucial aspect of testing is tracking the trajectory of the cleaning fluid to ensure it does not cause self-soiling of vehicles and affects the field of view or visibility zones of other components like the windshield. While wind tunnel tests are valuable, digitalizing
Mane, SuvidyaMakam, Sri Lalith MadhavVarghese, RixsonDesu, Harsha
In modern four-wheelers, seat suspension systems play a crucial role in enhancing occupant comfort by mitigating the effects of road unevenness and vibrations. Among these systems, active suspension mechanisms offer advanced performance through complex assemblies involving welded, riveted, and bolted joints. This study investigates the failure of an air spring bracket - a critical component of a pneumatic active suspension system - manufactured by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) of two dissimilar ferrous materials which are likely to be SAPH440 and S355J2. These different materials were used based on mechanical properties required to perform by their particular part. System level validation tests were conducted to ensure the reliability of the seat suspension system. The one of the validation tests is continuous cyclic fatigue test which is carried out on the complete seat assembly. However, during vibration / cyclic endurance testing, premature failures were observed near the weld joints
Patale Jr, ReshmaPinjari, Jayant NamdevBali, Shirish
This paper presents a comprehensive survey and data collection study on the adaptability of Camera Monitoring Systems (CMS) for passenger vehicles. With the growing demand for enhanced safety, automation, and driver assistance technologies, Camera Monitoring Systems (CMS) has emerged as a key component in modern automotive design. This study aims to explore the current state of camera-based monitoring in passenger vehicles, focusing on their adaptability through survey data collection of various driving population and analysis. This paper evaluates the acceptance of CMS configurations in replacement to conventional rear-view mirrors through Position of Monitor, Clarity, CMS Adaptiveness to eyes, Comfort while turning, Merging into moving traffic, Monitoring Rear Traffic, while Getting Out of Car, while Overtaking, Coverage Area and Overall Acceptance. The findings offer valuable insights for manufacturers, engineers, and researchers working toward the evolution of intelligent vehicle
Sinha, AnkitTambolkar, Sonali AmeyaBelavadi Venkataramaiah, ShamsundaraKauffmann, Maximilian
Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubbers (HNBR) and their derivatives have gained significant importance in automotive compressed natural gas (CNG) valve applications. In one of the four-wheelers, CNG valve application, HNBR elastomeric diaphragms are being used for their excellent sealing and pressure regulation properties. The HNBR elastomeric diaphragm was developed to sustain CNG higher pressure However, it was found permanently deformed under lower pressures. In this research work, number of experiments was carried out to find out the primary root cause of diaphragm permanent deformation and to prevent the failure for safe usage of the CNG gas. HNBR diaphragm deformation investigation was carried out using advanced qualitative and quantitative analysis methods such as Soxhlet Extraction Column, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). For
Patil, Bhushan GulabNAIKWADI, AMOLMali, ManojTata, Srikanth
In the rapidly evolving and highly competitive automotive industry, manufacturers are under immense pressure to bring products to market quickly while meeting customer expectations. As a result, optimizing the product development timeline has become essential. Structural integrity analysis for chassis and suspension systems lies in the accurate acquisition of operational load spectra, conventionally executed through Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA) on instrumented vehicles subjected to proving ground excitation. At this point, RLDA is mainly used for final validation and fine-tuning. If any performance shortfalls, such as premature component failure or durability issues, are discovered, they often trigger design revisions, prototype rework, and additional testing. This study proposes a Virtual Road Load Data Acquisition (vRLDA) methodology employing a high-fidelity full-vehicle multibody dynamic (MBD) representation developed in Adams Car. The system is parameterized and uses high
Goli, Naga Aswani KumarPrasad, Tej Pratap
Current world conflicts have proven that drones are now indispensable tools in modern warfare. Whether for reconnaissance, loitering munitions, or asymmetric tactics that exploit vulnerabilities in conventional defenses, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are redefining the rules of engagement.
In complete darkness, through smoke, glare and fog, thermal infrared (IR) imaging is indispensable for modern defense and autonomous systems. Enabling autonomous vehicles (AVs) to detect pedestrians or threats at night or providing critical sensing capabilities for unmanned aerial vehicles and counter-UAS operations, thermal imaging has become the essential “eyes” when visible camera systems fail.
Since the advent of laser-based imaging techniques in the early 2000s, image acquisition has faced a fundamental challenge: the imaging speed and signal averaging was directly tied to the firing rate of the laser. Because a minimum of one laser pulse generates a single data point, traditional flashlamp-based lasers operating at relatively low repetition rates were constrained in their ability to capture fine spatial or temporal detail quickly. For applications requiring real-time analysis or high-resolution mapping, these limitations often reduced the practicality of otherwise powerful imaging technologies.
Endoscopic imaging system development requires coordination between various engineering disciplines, especially for optical illumination and imaging engines, particularly when adding fluorescence imaging capabilities. The optical illumination and imaging engines set the foundation for building intuitive and effective imaging products around and become even more critical when adding fluorescence imaging (FI) capabilities to user needs.
Infrared and visible driving image fusion represents a pivotal technology in multi-source perception for automated driving. The objective of this technology is to generate fused images that exhibit significant targets and comprehensive road information in complex traffic scenes. However, the existing image fusion algorithms demonstrate inconsistent capacity to complement information in diverse environments. Additionally, there are limitations in their ability to extract features, such as the detailed texture of traffic targets under complex lighting conditions, including low-light scenes and multi-exposure scenes. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel gradient-preserving and locally guided fusion method (GP-LGFusion). Our primary contribution is a Multi-scale Gradient Residual Block (MGRRB), an encoder module specifically designed to capture and retain both strong and weak texture features across different scales, a capability lacking in conventional approaches. Second, we
Meng, ZhangjieShi, YicuiChen, YuhanZhou, XiaojiLi, JieLi, Guofa
Perceiving the movement characteristics of specific body parts of a driver is crucial for determining their activity. Moreover, the driver’s body posture significantly impacts personnel safety during collision. This study investigates the creation of a dataset using Kinect depth camera for acquiring, organizing, annotating with skeleton tracking assistance, and optimizing interpolation. The pose recognition methods enhanced through an anchor regression mechanism, leading to the refinement of a lightweight anchor regression network capable of end-to-end learning ability from depth images. The improved backbone neck head structure offers advantages of reduced model parameters and enhanced accuracy. This engineering optimization makes it better suited for practical applications within vehicles with limited computational resources limitations and high real-time demands.
Xu, HailanLi, WuhuanLu, JunWang, XinHe, WenhaoChen, ZhenmingLiu, Yunjie
In low-light driving scenarios, in-vehicle camera images encounter technical challenges, including severe brightness degradation and short exposure times. Conventional driving image enhancement algorithms are susceptible to issues such as the loss of image features and significant color distortion. The proposed solution to this problem is a multi-scale attention fusion network (MAF-NET) for the enhancement of images captured during low-light driving conditions. The network’s structural design is uncomplicated. The model incorporates a meticulously designed multi-scale attention fusion module (MAFB), along with all essential components for network connectivity. The MAF is predicated on a heavy parameter residual feature block design and incorporates a multi-scale channel attention mechanism to capture richer global/local features. A substantial body of experimental evidence has demonstrated that, in comparison with prevailing algorithms, MAF-NET exhibits superior performance in low
Pan, DengChen, YuhanShi, YicuiLi, JieLi, Guofa
With the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, environmental perception, as its core module, has attracted much attention. Among them, the pure visual bird's-eye-view (BEV) 3D detection scheme has become a research hotspot due to its high spatial resolution and excellent semantic recognition ability in specific scenarios. Existing methods mainly utilize the Transformer encoder structure to perform position encoding in the BEV domain to achieve 3D perspective transformation, but they often fail to fully exploit the potential value of multi-perspective image information. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an improved Transformer-based visual BEV vehicle perception method that enhances perception performance by deeply fusing BEV domain and image domain information: an innovative multi-perspective position encoding mechanism is designed, which decouples camera parameters to more efficiently learn the mapping from images to 3D space; at the same time, a cyclic
Chen, PengyuWei, XiaoxuChen, Zhenwei
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