Browse Topic: Integrated circuits

Items (861)
ABSTRACT One of the best ways to achieve full hardware utilization while maintaining a strict level of security and safety in a single System on a Chip (SoC) is through the use of virtualization. In this paper, we will explain the capabilities of the Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ MultiProcessor SoC (MPSoC) and how they relate to target technology areas such as ARM processors and multi-core technology. We will also explain the features of Xen that aid in improving the safety and security of a virtualized system. We will provide examples of how to utilize these features, identify benefits, and explain how they can be used to implement several technology features including: SWAP-C reductions via consolidations, modular software architectures, and integration of multiple real-time operating systems
VanVossen, Robert
ABSTRACT This paper describes a novel network security appliance -- the Tactical Smart Network Interface Card (TSNIC) – that leverages state-of-the-art Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies to continuously maintain the integrity of tactical missions. The Smart NIC appears as an all-hardware “bump-in-the-wire” along any network segment or attached to an industry standard bus interface providing infrastructure defense for ground vehicles. It can be custom configured to provide encryption, protocol and file format validation, and/or protocol encapsulation. These capabilities are achieved by several innovations: high-level synthesis (HLS) for rapid circuit development, automated parser generation to adapt to mission requirements, and a hardware nano-marshal to dynamically adapt defensive posture in the face of changing threat profiles. Citation: J. Dahlstrom, S. Padnos, J. Brock, and S. Taylor, “The Tactical Smart NIC,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering
Dahlstrom, JasonPadnos, StephenBrock, JamesTaylor, Stephen
With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the need for improved reliability and safety performance of electric vehicle braking systems has become paramount. In response to this demand, a novel direct-drive brake-by-wire actuator based on linear motors was designed to address these challenges. This article presents the structure and principles of the proposed braking actuator. Leveraging the traditional electromechanical brake systems as a foundation, the prototype was modified and fabricated. Additionally, the control and drive system for the braking actuator was established using the TMS320F28335 digital signal processor. Moreover, the current-position dual closed-loop control algorithm was devised to regulate the braking force accurately. Experimental results demonstrate that the direct-drive brake-by-wire actuator exhibits rapid responsiveness and precise braking force modulation, showcasing promising prospects in the field of electric vehicle braking
He, HaitaoGong, XiaoxiangDeng, ZhenghuaLi, TianleWang, XunZhang, HongXu, Rong
McGill University researchers have made a breakthrough in diagnostic technology, inventing a ‘lab on a chip’ that can be 3D-printed in just 30 minutes. The chip has the potential to make on-the-spot testing widely accessible
India features diverse climatic zones, spanning from tropical in south to alpine in north. Since most of the regions are hot, vehicle cabin cooling analysis dominates over heating analysis, creating a notable technology gap that exists in cabin heating. Nonetheless, in colder regions of India and Europe, maintaining optimal cabin heating is crucial for human comfort. Furthermore, in climates prone to mist and frost formation, ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of cabin heating mechanisms becomes crucial, as it directly correlates with safety considerations that comes prior to mere comfort requirements. To reduce the technology gap and physical testing in cold climatic conditions this work is proposed, which will enable us to predict cabin heating performance of vehicle on highway running as well as in stationary condition for Electric Vehicles (EV) and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) in 1D Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) software. A detailed Transient Cabin Heating
Soni, RahulShah, GeetKulkarni, ShridharM, ChandruVangala, Sai KrishnaJaybhay, SambhajiNayakawadi, Uttam
Electric vehicle thermal management system is essential for electric vehicles to guarantee cabin thermal comfort and battery appropriate operating temperature. As a matter of fact, in such systems, high- and low-temperature driving conditions can severely affect system performance, in terms of overall efficiency and driving range. In this context, an effective thermal management solution both for cabin thermal comfort and battery heating/cooling is investigated in this paper. A key innovation is the deep integration of the HVAC and battery heating/cooling circuits. Primarily, in winter scenario, the heat generated by the powertrain during operation is used to warm the cabin, thereby mitigating the necessity for additional electric cabin heating. This way, despite the inclusion of an extra heat exchanger, a consistent amount of heat can be recovered and the use of the battery energy for electrical heating activation is significantly reduced, as already presented by the authors in a
Chiappini, DanieleTribioli, LauraLombardi, Simone
FPGA based electronic systems have the potential to support zeroization and sanitization of sensitive information without resorting to kinetic destruction. However, careful consideration needs to be given to the data remanence effects of both the FPGA and the attached storage media that form a complete system. SRAM, DRAM, and different forms of flash memory all have distinct data remanence characteristics that must be accounted for in the design of zeroization solutions. In this paper, we survey these characteristics across typical FPGA system media types and present a framework to enable the rapid integration of complete zeroization and sanitization capabilities in FPGA systems
Paar, KevinHarper, Scott
Light measurement devices called optical frequency combs have revolutionized metrology, spectroscopy, atomic clocks, and other applications. Yet challenges with developing frequency comb generators at a microchip scale have limited their use in everyday technologies such as handheld electronics
As the integrated circuits that power our electronic devices get more powerful, they are also getting smaller. This trend of microelectronics has only accelerated in recent years as scientists try to fit increasingly more semiconducting components on a chip
Automatically controlling equipment, and providing users with visualization of the operation, are two distinct but closely related functions. Specialized microcontrollers or commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are workhorses for implementing control, while a variety of dedicated or PC-based human-machine interface (HMI) options are available
Unsteady pressure fluctuations in launch vehicles can induce aerodynamic instabilities, potentially resulting in vibration, structural fatigue, and even catastrophic failure. These risks undermine structural integrity and jeopardize payload delivery, threatening mission success and crew safety. Therefore, precise measurements of unsteady pressure are vital for understanding dynamic pressure distribution and flow behaviour caused by phenomena like shock waves, vortices, boundary layer interactions, and flow separation. While ground-based wind tunnel tests have conventionally provided these insights, this paper presents an on-board system designed for real-time unsteady pressure data acquisition. The system addresses the challenge of accurately resolving high-frequency pressure variations over very high base pressure values. It can be integrated into re-entry vehicles and stage recovery experiments, providing confidence in acquiring data for complex geometrical shapes. Moreover, the
Varma, RekhanshiSB, VidyaJogi, DeepakMM, NandakishorKC, Finitha
In recent decades, innovative System-on-Chip (SoC) design has become a critical area of research, driven by emerging trends and complex application demands. SoCs, which integrate analog, digital, and mixed-signal components, along with software, present significant design and verification challenges. Modeling and Simulation constitutes a powerful method for designing and evaluating these complex systems, enabling system designers in concept realization, experimentation, optimization, and validation. This paper introduces a ‘Synergized SoC design flow with Modeling and Simulation’ applied in the design and development of SoC for a radar target emulator application. This synergized flow uniquely integrates system-level modeling and simulation with the traditional SoC design and development process to effectively address design and verification needs. Our approach not only accelerates the SoC design cycle time but also provides a comprehensive framework for future innovations in the SoC
Savithri, GSaritha, TBhargavi, M BinduTeza, BSPoreddy, SushmaKumar, M MadhavaDurga, G VijayaVerma, Usha PSiddani, KishoreViswanathan, Vidya
Developed by engineers at the University of Bath, the prototype LoCKAmp device uses innovative Lab-on-a-Chip technology and has been proven to provide rapid and low-cost detection of COVID-19 from nasal swabs. The research team said the technology could easily be adapted to detect other pathogens such as bacteria — or even conditions like cancer
With the trend of electrification and connectivity, more electrified parts and more integrated chips are being applied. Consequently, potential problems based on electro-magnetic could occur more easily, and interest on EMC performance has been rising according to the degree of electrification. In this paper, one of the most severe systems, cooling fan motor in terms of EMI, is analyzed and improvement methods are suggested for each type of cooling fan. Additionally, an optimized configuration of improvement method for EMC has been derived through analysis and study. Finally, verification and validation are implemented at the system and vehicle levels. In this paper, the following effects were obtained by analyzing the cooling fan motor system and reviewing and optimizing the design factors from the EMC perspective. (1) Analyzing the impact of each EMC reduction device currently applied to the cooling fan motor according to specifications and optimizing the specification combination
Son, JiwanLim, TaewoongKim, Chang Hwan
Researchers at Delft University of Technology, led by Assistant Professor Richard Norte, have unveiled a remarkable new material with potential to impact the world of material science: amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC). Beyond its exceptional strength, this material demonstrates mechanical properties crucial for vibration isolation on a microchip. It is therefore particularly suitable for making ultra-sensitive microchip sensors
The swift progress of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) has driven advancements in battery management systems (BMS). However, optimizing the algorithms that drive these systems remains a challenge. Recent breakthroughs in data science, particularly in deep learning networks, have introduced the long–short-term memory (LSTM) network as a solution for sequence problems. While graphics processing units (GPUs) and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) have been used to improve performance in AI-based applications, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have gained popularity due to their low power consumption and high-speed acceleration, making them ideal for artificial intelligence (AI) implementation. One of the critical components of EVs and HEVs is the BMS, which performs operations to optimize the use of energy stored in lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). Due to the nonlinear electrochemical nature of these batteries, estimating states of charge (SoC
Nagarale, Satyashil D.Patil , B. P.
Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material made of carbon by covalent bonds, where carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene has promising electronic and mechanical properties. There are many processes available for the formation of the graphene. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process for the formation of graphene over the metal surface is most compatible. Graphene is being investigated for its application in space electronics. In space, there are many irradiation particles and waves like x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles. Single particle like neutron can create single event upset in electronic devices. Graphene can work as a radiation shielding material. Graphene-metal, graphene and epsilon near zero metamaterials structure can be used for electromagnetic wave absorbent
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) have been proposed as novel optoelectronic materials for space applications due to their relatively light weight. MoS2 has been shown to have excellent semiconducting and photonic properties. Here, we report the effect of gamma irradiation on the structural and optical properties of a monolayer of MoS2. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material made of carbon by covalent bonds, where carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene has promising electronic and mechanical properties. There are many processes available for the formation of the graphene. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process for the formation of graphene over the metal surface is most compatible. Graphene is being investigated for its application in space electronics. In space, there are many irradiation particles and waves like x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles. Single
A research team has developed diamond quantum sensors that can be used to improve resolution in magnetic imaging. In order to test the method, the scientists placed a microchip with microscopic water-filled channels on the diamond quantum sensor. This allowed the researchers to simulate microstructures of a cell. They were able to successfully analyze the diffusion of water molecules within the microstructure
Researchers from the Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision (DiSTAP) and the Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Groups (IRG) of the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), MIT’s research enterprise in Singapore, have developed the world’s smallest LED. It enables the conversion of existing mobile phone cameras into high-resolution microscopes. Smaller than the wavelength of light, the new LED was used to build the world’s smallest holographic microscope, paving the way for existing cameras in everyday devices such as mobile phones to be converted into microscopes with modifications to the silicon chip and software. This technology also represents a significant step forward in the miniaturization of diagnostics for indoor farmers and sustainable agriculture
Oxygen sensors are used in combustion engines to determine the air/fuel ratio. Binary type lambda sensors offer high precision determination of lambda values close to stoichiometric combustion conditions (λ=1). While the wide band oxygen sensor allows for measurement of oxygen concentration over a wide range (λ = 0.7 to 16). While it is beneficial to use wide band sensors for all applications, binary sensors are preferred in 2Wheelers and Off road applications due to cost and size of sensor. Additional ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) and complex control software in engine control unit is not required to run a binary sensor. CCBS (continuous control of binary type sensor) allows a specific Bosch binary type sensor to linearize the sensor characteristic line and allow for closed loop fuel operation between λ =0.85 to 0.98. This results in a wider closed loop lambda operation during component protection zone of the engine. The sensor also, showed acceptable usage for
Vijaykumar, SrikanthKarpin, Andrew
Recent advances in the operation of advanced CMOS processes for extremely high-speed and high dynamic range analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog (DAC) data converters has led to their use in directly sampling microwave and even millimeter wave signals. Typically, in these applications, minimal pre or post-conditioning stages separate the ADCs and DACs from the antenna or, for Active Electronically Steered Arrays (AESA) antenna elements. This results in an extremely compact and flexible system solution and this has enabled a generation of fully digital phased arrays that are capable of being dynamically reconfigured to perform a multitude of functions
Recent advances in the operation of advanced CMOS processes for extremely high-speed and high dynamic range analog-to-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog (DAC) data converters has led to their use in directly sampling microwave and even millimeter wave signals. Typically, in these applications, minimal pre or post-conditioning stages separate the ADCs and DACs from the antenna or, for Active Electronically Steered Arrays (AESA) antenna elements. This results in an extremely compact and flexible system solution and this has enabled a generation of fully digital phased arrays that are capable of being dynamically reconfigured to perform a multitude of functions
The challenge faced by flight software engineers at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado Boulder became evident when tasked with developing the onboard software for NASA's new Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder Reflected Solar mission. The goal of measuring Earth-reflected sunlight with an accuracy of 0.3 percent (k=1), surpassing existing sensors by five to tenfold, from an instrument mounted beneath the International Space Station (ISS), produced a complex set of requirements. The avionics needed to balance multiple functions, including a high-rate control law, numerous hard real-time deadlines, interfaces with half a dozen external subsystems, and management of commands, telemetry and fault protection, all while capturing high-resolution science images at 15 frames per second. Ensuring uninterrupted operation within the unforgiving environment of low-Earth orbit necessitated the software run on
The automotive industry is in its transition from Classical Internal combustion engine to electrification, the number of power electronics components inside a vehicle rising exponentially. New Technologies welcome new challenges, in the context of thermal management considering the power electronics circuit and its design complexity without compromising the reliability and sustainability in performance is a big challenge. Computation of any integrated circuits dissipates heat, need for coolant is must. The focus was to set the perfect design of the flow path, for the coolant based on the target requirements and to influence the different cooling structures inside the flow path on the coolant flow properties, which in turn influences the thermal management of the system. This technical paper provides a comprehensive overview of the cooler design parameters specific to a particular application, however this idea can be used as a reference for other applications also with modification in
Tatti, AmareshMN, Kavitha Preethi
A team at Delft University of Technology has built a new technology on a microchip by combining two Nobel Prize-winning techniques for the first time. This microchip could measure distances in materials at high precision — e.g., underwater or for medical imaging. The work is now published in Nature Communications. Because the technology uses sound vibrations instead of light, it is useful for high-precision position measurements in opaque materials. The instrument could lead to new techniques to monitor the Earth’s climate and human health
While the promise of smaller, better, faster, lighter devices enabled by integrated photonics technologies is indeed the ultimate goal for the work being done at AIM Photonics, the actual path to high-volume manufacturing isn’t necessarily a smooth ride for photonic integrated circuit (PIC) designers, developers and engineers
This paper reports high-speed (10 kHz and 100 kHz) 2-D Raman/Rayleigh measurements of a hydrogen (H2) jet issued from a Bosch HDEV4 hollow-cone piezo injector in a high-volume constant pressure vessel. During the experiments, a Pa = 10 bar ambient environment with pure nitrogen (N2) is created in the chamber at T = 298 K, and pure H2 is injected vertically with an injection pressure of Pi = 51 bar. To accommodate the transient nature of the injections, a kHz-rate burst-mode laser system with second harmonic output at λ = 532 nm and high-speed CMOS cameras are employed. By sequentially separating the scattered light using dichroic mirrors and bandpass filters, both elastic Rayleigh (λ = 532 nm) and inelastic N2 (λ = 607 nm) and H2 (λ = 683 nm) Raman signals are recorded on individual cameras. With the help of the wavelet denoising algorithm, the detection limit of 2-D Raman imaging is greatly expanded. The H2 mole fraction distribution is then derived directly from scattering signals at
Wu, BinSharma, PriybratYu, TaoPalombi, LuciaWu, HaoBen Houidi, MoezPanthi, NirajRoberts, WilliamMagnotti, Gaetano
Semiconductor chips, micropatterned surfaces, and electronics all rely on microprinting, the process of putting precise but minuscule patterns millionths to billionths of a meter wide onto surfaces to give them new properties. Traditionally, these tiny mazes of metals and other materials are printed on flat wafers of silicon. But as the possibilities for semiconductor chips and smart materials expand, these intricate, tiny patterns need to be printed on new, unconventional, non-flat surfaces
A Rutgers-led team of researchers has developed a microchip that can measure stress hormones in real time from a drop of blood. The study appears in the journal Science Advances
One chip, multiple benefits. That's the claim made by U.S. semiconductor company Qualcomm Technologies Inc. about its new, scalable system-on-a-chip (SoC) product family, called Snapdragon Ride Flex. Unveiled at CES2023 and due to enter the market in early 2024, Snapdragon Flex is the auto industry's first scalable family of SoCs that can run a digital cockpit and ADAS features simultaneously, according to the company. Snapdragon Ride Flex is the latest member of the Snapdragon SoC family. Qualcomm's first-generation Ride Platforms are currently available in commercialized vehicles. Newer generations, which include the Ride Vision stack that can handle ADAS applications, are being tested by Tier 1s. They are expected to arrive on MY2025 vehicles from various OEMs, according to Qualcomm
Blanco, Sebastian
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is not a certification document; it contains no certification requirements beyond those already contained in existing certification documents. The purpose of this ARP is to provide: a Guidelines for potential usage of life samples depending upon the mission environment and at user discretion to use them or not. b Guidelines of: 1 Who approves the parts to be used. 2 Notification requirements to manufacturers. 3 Traceability and segregation. 4 Packing and labeling of such parts. This ARP does not claim that the recommended practices and artifacts described herein are the only acceptable ones. They are, however, used widely today, and merit serious consideration of potential usage where applicable in the military and space hardware. This ARP does not supersede any contracts or legal agreements between contractual parties
CE-12 Solid State Devices
Aerospace and defense (A&D) electronic systems are being made smaller but more functional. This is possible because of industry-wide efforts to reduce the size, weight, and power as well as cost (SWaP-C) of electronic components, especially though heterogeneous integration such as by combining analog, digital, and mixed-signal circuits, and components. Intelligent integration can provide A&D systems and subsystems in the forms of system-in-package (SiP) and system-on-chip (SoC) devices that help meet challenging SWaP-C goals without compromising functionality and/or performance. While SiP devices may not provide all SWaP-C solutions, they can help add A&D electronic functionality to a growing number of applications designed to fit smaller sizes, such as portable mission-critical communications and unmanned aerial system (UAS) applications. Integrated circuits (ICs) have historically played important roles in shrinking the size of circuits for A&D systems and many other electronic
Will the U.S. Army's attempt to define a universal framework for modular interoperability stifle industry innovation? Answering the challenge of increasingly complex military systems that are harder to upgrade, the U.S. Army has released a set of open system architecture standards. Ensuring an open and common approach to systems architecture, these are the standards that will define the prototypes being built for operational assessment: Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) C5ISR/EW Modular Open Suite of Standards (CMOSS) CMOSS Mounted Form Factor (CMFF) While these initiatives attempt to define this universal framework for module interoperability, there's a trade-off between mandating commonality and promoting innovation. As the momentum around CMOSS/CMFF builds, how much room will be left to develop innovative new capabilities and business practices
Scientists, including an Oregon State University materials researcher, have developed a better tool to measure light, contributing to a field known as optical spectrometry in a way that could improve everything from smartphone cameras to environmental monitoring
The development of microfluidic systems for lab-on-a-chip (LoC) and organ-on-a-chip (OoC) applications require precise fluid flow control. Typically, on-chip flows are controlled by integrating a microfluidic chip with external pumps that deliver fluid flow at the microscale (typically on the order of mL/min) through the microchannels. To this end, commercially available flow devices such as extrusion syringe pumps, peristaltic pumps, and pneumatic pumps have been widely used
Rohde & Schwarz's (Munich, Germany) R&S ATS1500C automotive radar test chamber now offers a new temperature test option and a new feed antenna. According to the company, these additional features enable temperature-controlled measurements in a wide range, as well as parallel access to both polarizations, increasing test efficiency and flexibility. The ARC-TEMP temperature test supports a range from −40 °C to +85 °C (−40° to 185° F). The heated or cooled air is provided by an external thermal air stream system that supplies the air to the temperature bubble mounted on the positioner. The new ARC-FX90 universal-feed antenna supports 60 GHz to 90 GHz and includes an orthomode transducer, which reportedly enables parallel access to vertical and horizontal polarizations. For more information, visit http://info.hotims.com/84487-400
The Grainger College of Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign was established in 1868. The department has historically spearheaded worldwide innovation in technology with inventions such as the transistor, the integrated circuit, the LED, the first web browsers (Mosaic and Netscape), and (JavaScript) — all produced by students, faculty, or alumni of the college
Developers of aerospace and defense systems need RF power amplifiers (PAs) to perform much better across both existing and emerging applications such as military 5G and satellite communication. Systems need to meet higher gain targets but not if it comes with any increases in cost and complexity, or size and weight. As systems move to higher-order modulation schemes, they also must deliver adequate linearity and efficiency in an environment that is even more susceptible to distortion than was the case with earlier schemes. Reducing board space is another critical issue that has required challenging peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) tradeoffs
A research team has developed a new microfluidic chip for diagnosing diseases that uses a minimal number of components and can be powered wirelessly by a smartphone. The University of Minnesota — Twin Cities innovation opens the door for faster and more affordable at-home medical testing
Photonic integrated circuits that use light instead of electricity for computing and signal processing promise greater speed, increased bandwidth, and greater energy efficiency than traditional circuits using electricity. But they’re not yet small enough to compete in computing and other applications where electric circuits continue to reign
AS81969 covers the general requirements for installing and removal tools for use in installing and removing electrical contacts used in connectors and other electrical and electronic components (see section 6
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
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