Browse Topic: Industrial vehicles and equipment

Items (410)
This article presents an optimization scheme for LoRaWAN-based electric vehicle batteries monitoring system located in warehouses by utilizing techniques to optimize packet delivery and power settings. Utilizing simulations, we identify that system optimization largely depends on network traffic, influenced by active users and the adoption of the pure ALOHA protocol. We define a reward metric based on the packet delivery rate and power efficiency, aiming for settings that yield the maximum reward. Our approach includes duty cycle management to minimize network traffic and maximize throughput, especially critical when handling urgent data from batteries. Traffic management based on the number of critical batteries in the warehouse also plays a crucial role. Predictive modeling of future traffic further refines power settings for optimal performance. The proposed system, tested through simulations, shows an average of 31% higher reward compared to traditional methods without duty cycle
Tabatowski-Bush, BenjaminXiang, Weidong
The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is limited to cranes mounted on a fixed platform lifting loads from a vessel alongside. The size of the vessel is assumed not to exceed that of a work boat as defined in 3.14.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
The scope of this SAE Information Report is limited to a lift crane mounted on a fixed or floating platform, lifting loads from a vessel alongside. The size of the vessel is assumed not to exceed that of a workboat as defined in 3.15.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
Autonomous Driving is used in various settings, including indoor areas such as industrial halls and warehouses. For perception in these environments, LIDAR is currently very popular due to its high accuracy compared to RADAR and its robustness to varying lighting conditions compared to cameras. However, there is a notable lack of freely available labeled LIDAR data in these settings, and most public datasets, such as KITTI and Waymo, focus on public road scenarios. As a result, specialized publicly available annotation frameworks are rare as well. This work tackles these shortcomings by developing an automated AI-based labeling tool to generate a LIDAR dataset with 3D ground truth annotations for industrial warehouse scenarios. The base pipeline for the annotation framework first upsamples the incoming 16-channel data into dense 64-channel data. The upsampled data is then manually annotated for the defined classes and this annotated 64-channel dataset is used to fine-tune the Part-A2
Abdelhalim, GinaSimon, KevinBensch, RobertParimi, SaiQureshi, Bilal Ahmed
To provide specifications for lighting and marking of industrial wheeled equipment whenever such equipment is operated or traveling on a highway.
OPTC3, Lighting and Sound Committee
Electrification isn't just a matter of switching out the diesel engine for an electric motor. It requires a thorough review of connected systems - particularly the hydraulic system. Using the same components in electric machines as those used in conventional machines often requires more battery power or a larger electric motor. For this reason, OEMs have discovered the need to rethink efficiency and productivity when electrifying machines. MPG Makine Prodüksiyon Grubu learned this firsthand when designing a truck-mounted electric crane for one of its Netherlands-based customers. The Konya, Turkey-based OEM produces truck-mounted hydraulic cranes with folding and telescopic booms as well as aerial work platforms and tree trans-planter machines.
Avci, Gökhan
iMotions employs neuroscience and AI-powered analysis tools to enhance the tracking, assessment and design of human-machine interfaces inside vehicles. The advancement of vehicles with enhanced safety and infotainment features has made evaluating human-machine interfaces (HMI) in modern commercial and industrial vehicles crucial. Drivers face a steep learning curve due to the complexities of these new technologies. Additionally, the interaction with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) increases concerns about cognitive impact and driver distraction in both passenger and commercial vehicles. As vehicles incorporate more automation, many clients are turning to biosensor technology to monitor drivers' attention and the effects of various systems and interfaces. Utilizing neuroscientific principles and AI, data from eye-tracking, facial expressions and heart rate are informing more effective system and interface design strategies. This approach ensures that automation advancements
Nguyen, Nam
Accurate estimation of battery state of health (SOH) has become indispensable in ensuring the predictive maintenance and safety of electric vehicles (EVs). While supervised machine learning excels in laboratory settings with adequate SOH labels, field-based SOH data collection for supervised learning is hindered by EVs' complex conditions and prohibitive data collection costs. To overcome this challenge, a battery SOH estimation method based on semi-supervised regression is proposed and validated using field data in this paper. Initially, the Ampere integral formula is employed to calculate SOH labels from charging data, and the error of labeled SOH is reduced by the open-circuit voltage correction strategy. The calculation error of the SOH label is confirmed to be less than 1.2%, as validated by the full-charge test of the battery packs. Subsequently, statistical features are extracted from charging data, and health indicator sets are selected by two correlation analysis methods
Li, JinwenChen, WenqiangKhalatbarisoltani, ArashLiu, HongaoLin, XiankeHu, Xiaosong
Heavy vehicles such as construction machinery generally require a large traction force. For this reason, axle components are equipped with a final reduction gear to provide a structure that can generate a large traction force. Basic analysis of vertical load, horizontal load (traction force), centrifugal force, and torsional torque applied to the wheels of heavy vehicles such as construction machinery and industrial vehicles, as well as actual working load analysis during actual operations, were conducted and compiled into a load analysis diagram. The loosening tendency of wheel bolts and nuts that fasten the wheel under actual working load was measured, and the loosening analysis method was presented. The causes of wheel fall-off accidents in heavy trucks, which have recently become a problem, were examined. Wheel bolts are generally tightened by the calibrated wrench method using a torque wrench. The method is susceptible to variations in friction coefficient and tightening torque
Hareyama, SoichiManabe, Ken-ichiKobayashi, Satoshi
Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed electronic “stickers” that measure the force exerted by one object upon another. The force stickers are wireless, run without batteries and fit in tight spaces. That makes them versatile for a wide range of applications, from arming robots with a sense of touch to elevating the immersive experience of VR and AR, making biomedical devices smarter, monitoring the safety of industrial equipment, and improving the accuracy and efficiency of inventory management in warehouses.
NMC and LFP lithium-ion batteries find favor in different regions as OEMs move to electrify larger excavators and loaders. The success of electric vehicles in the construction industry will largely be determined by battery prices being low enough that the total cost of ownership is cheaper than diesel alternatives. IDTechEx's new report, “Electric Vehicles in Construction 2023-2043,” shows that there is a battery price tipping point, under which it will be cheaper over the vehicle lifetime to operate an EV. Selecting the right chemistry will be imperative for getting a low enough vehicle price. So why is a clear dichotomy seen between the batteries being deployed in China compared to Europe? Electric vehicles in construction are an emerging market. IDTechEx has built a database of more than 100 example makes and models across seven different construction-vehicle categories: mini excavators, excavators (>6 tonne), compact loaders, backhoe loaders, wheel loaders, telehandlers and mobile
Jeffs, James
Like the shift from horse drawn carriages to cars, the emergence of delivery robots marks a shift from driverless vehicles to automated logistics vehicles where form follows function. On paper, the business cases are compelling and the use cases seemingly unbounded. Vehicles may be conventional in the form of trucks and industrial equipment of all types, or as purpose-built vehicles on with widely varying cargo capacities. Proof of concepts and pilots are moving forward on roadways, sidewalks, and doorsteps, as well as in low altitude airways, ports, and even inside of buildings. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Logistics and Delivery addresses the current state of the industry, benefits of ADVs, challenges, and expanding use. It also touches on opportunities to design, modify, and expand infrastructure—both digital and physical—to supports safe and equitable usage. The report draws on experience and research on these topics in North America, the United Kingdom, the
Coyner, KelleyBittner, Jason
In order to guarantee the dependability and effectiveness of industrial machinery, real-time gearbox malfunction detection is extremely important. Traditional approaches to condition monitoring systems sometimes rely on time-consuming human inspections or routine maintenance, which can result in unanticipated failures and expensive downtime. The rise of the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) in recent years has paved the way for more sophisticated and automated monitoring methods. An IIoT-based condition monitoring system is suggested in this study for real-time gearbox failure detection. The gearbox health state is continually monitored by the system using sensor data from the gearbox, such as temperature, vibration, and oil analysis. Real-time transmission of the gathered data is made to a central monitoring hub, where sophisticated analytics algorithms are used to look for any flaws. This study’s potential to improve the dependability and operational effectiveness of industrial
Sivaraman, P.Ilakiya, P.Prabhu, M.K.Ajayan, Adarsh
This SAE Standard provides general design performance requirements and related test procedures for composite lighting unit assemblies, other than signaling and marking devices, used on earthmoving and road building and maintenance off-road work machines as defined in SAE J1116.
OPTC3, Lighting and Sound Committee
This SAE Standard establishes the maximum gradient rating during hopper discharge of self-propelled, driver-operated sweepers and scrubbers as defined by SAE J2130-1 and SAE J2130-2.
MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
Industrial vehicles such as forklifts, cranes and tractors have come a long way in terms of applying technology, enhancing performance with improved operation and safety. With the advancements in computer vision, robotics and artificial intelligence (AI), these vehicles now are equipped with functionality that utilizes information to support and optimize performance. One of the key enablers of these advances is the integration of machine learning (ML) derived platforms and powerful computers, neural processing units and cameras integrated into the digital system. System designers and OEMs can get started with AI and computer vision using just a standard Ethernet camera and a Cortex A35 dual- or quad-core next-generation display. Using the detection and recognition of objects, designers can implement and train neural networks to realize new solutions for process guidance, automation, augmented reality and operator awareness. For example, the dual-core CCpilot V700 from CrossControl can
Persson, Johan
In this article, a 300-ton truck crane was used as the research object, and the data and experience of telescopic boom design were integrated to optimize the design research under three dangerous working conditions of the telescopic boom. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling software and finite element software were used to model and statistically analyze the truck crane telescopic boom. Then the correctness of the finite element model was verified by static experiments, and the design was optimized. Under the condition of satisfying the strength and stiffness, the telescopic crane boom was optimized by using the response surface optimization module in Ansys workbench software to be lightweight, and more satisfactory results were obtained. Finally, through the modal and flexural analysis of the optimized model, ideas and suggestions were provided for the further optimization of the telescopic boom.
Wang, ChaosongXing, Bangsheng
At Bauma 2022 in Munich, Germany, Danfoss revealed that its electrified powertrain system was driving a new electric crawler crane, the Sany SCE800TB-EV. This will be Sany's first fully electric volume-model crawler crane and is available for batch order in the European market, where Danfoss states that there is increasing demand for zero-emission construction machines. The Sany SCE800TB-EV is an 80-ton telescopic crane with a maximum lifting moment of 300 ton-meters and a maximum boom length of 47 meters (155 ft). The electric system features a permanent-magnetic synchronous motor and an inverter supplied by Danfoss's Editron division as well as a Danfoss D1P hydraulic pump.
Wolfe, Matt
Ethernet is widely used among consumer and commercial systems throughout the world, and it is well understood by all levels of end-users. Due to economies of scale, coupled with availability of industrial-grade devices, Ethernet has also become suitable, and often dominant, for many types of more rigorous applications. Unfortunately, industrial-grade Ethernet devices are often associated with high costs and complex network management and configuration requirements.
Cranes for lifting and lowering heavy objects are an important and sometimes essential tool in modern industries such as construction, transportation, and manufacturing. NASA uses overhead and mobile cranes for assembly of load lines employed in full-scale testing of its Space Launch System (SLS), a super-heavy-lift launch vehicle for deep space human space exploration. Structural testing of the SLS requires precision placement of heavy objects with soft contact during mating connections, which proved to be problematic with the relatively coarse control available with motor-driven overhead cranes and the existing rigging devices.
What Is It? What Does it Do? How Does It Work? The Distributed Extreme Environment Drive System (DEEDS) is an advanced space-rated avionic and actuation control system that addresses a wide thermal range of operations for harsh environments. This new technology development, undertaken by Motiv Space Systems (Motiv), addresses some of the most stringent environmental requirements of lunar and deep space exploration. It will enable sustained operations for critical systems like lunar rovers, robotics, cranes, offload equipment, ISRU processing equipment, and cargo manipulation systems. DEEDS was funded under NASA's SBIR ‘Moon to Mars’ Sequential Program and builds on previously established cryogenic operating avionic SBIR-funded technologies that have been successfully commercialized for orbital and lunar lander systems.
The Distributed Extreme Environment Drive System (DEEDS) is an advanced space-rated avionic and actuation control system that addresses a wide thermal range of operations for harsh environments. This new technology development, undertaken by Motiv Space Systems (Motiv), addresses some of the most stringent environmental requirements of lunar and deep space exploration. It will enable sustained operations for critical systems like lunar rovers, robotics, cranes, offload equipment, ISRU processing equipment, and cargo manipulation systems. DEEDS was funded under NASA’s SBIR ‘Moon to Mars’ Sequential Program and builds on previously established cryogenic operating avionic SBIR-funded technologies that have been successfully commercialized for orbital and lunar lander systems.
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to cranes in lifting crane service which are equipped with two-block warning, limiting, and/or damage prevention systems.
Cranes and Lifting Devices Committee
This article aims at the calibration of an onboard sensor and actuator parameters as well as the identification of the open-loop transfer function of the steering and traction control systems of tripod electric vehicles (EVs). Tripod EVs are commonly used as forklifts and automatic guided vehicles in a factory or wheelchairs in a hospital. A test procedure called the circular, linear, and cornering motions (CLCM) test is introduced in this article for making the corrections which are caused by many factors including the potentiometer of the steering angle error, hall sensor error of the traction speed, the backlash of the steering system, and the tire slip angle that can lead the tripod EV to deviate from the path. The CLCM test is subdivided into circular, linear, and cornering motion subtasks for each individual identification and calibration purposes. The effect of the CLCM test has been verified by both simulation and experiment via an 8-shape navigation path consisting of all
Ismail, HasanChiang, Chien-HsunChieng, Wei-Hua
Although industrial factories and processing plants have long been automated, it remains vital for human decision-making to be involved in operations, sometimes to a great extent. Automation in and of itself is very effective, but it can deliver the best performance, efficiency, and quality when it is coordinated to inform operators so they can make decisions, and even impact the logical control.
This SAE Information Report is intended to provide design guidance in the selection of steel tubing and related tube fittings for general hydraulic system applications. The information presented herein is based on tubing products which conform to SAE and ISO standards listed in the reference section. All pressure rating data found in the charts included in this document are calculated per the formula found in ISO 10763 and the main body of this document.
Metallic Tubing Committee
Goods movement and port related activities are a significant source of emissions in many large urban areas. Electrification of diesel cargo handling equipment is one method of reducing community exposure to these emissions, that also provides the potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study evaluated the performance of several pieces of zero emission cargo transfer equipment for a demonstration conducted at two terminal locations at the Port of Long Beach (POLB). This included the data logging of three battery-electric top handlers and one battery-electric yard tractor, as well as two baseline diesel top handlers and one diesel yard tractor. The battery-electric equipment typically operated about 5 hours per day, while using between 34 to 50% of the battery pack state of charge (SOC). In general, the battery-electric equipment was able to provide comparable hours of operation to the diesel equipment over a typical 8-hour shift. The electrical top handlers and the
Frederickson, ChasDurbin, TomLi, ChengguoMa, TianyiScora, GeorgeJung, HeejungJohnson, KentHuang, Eddy
As micromobility devices (i.e., e-bikes, scooters, skateboards, etc.) continue to increase in popularity, there is a growing need to test these devices for varying purposes such as performance assessment, crash reconstruction, and design of new products. Although tests have been conducted across the industry for electric scooters (e-scooters), this paper describes a novel method for crash testing e-scooters with anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) “riding” them, providing new sources for data collection and research. A sled fixture was designed utilizing a pneumatic crash rail to propel the scooters with an overhead gantry used for stabilization of the ATD until release just prior to impact. The designed test series included impacts with a 5.5-inch curb at varying incidence angles, a stationary vehicle, or a standing pedestrian ATD. Test parameter permutations included changing e-scooter tire sizes, impact speeds, and rider safety equipment. One of the primary focuses of this testing
Como, Steven GerardParadiso, MarcCampbell, Ian C.Garman, ChristinaWerner, StephenWishart, Jeffrey
The global food inspection industry needs newer and more precise tools to meet stringent government regulations. From specialty crops to seafood, meat, and poultry, the food safety testing market alone is valued at a staggering $19.5 billion USD in 2021 and is projected to reach $28.6 billion by 20261. This is one example where Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) represents a tool that can alleviate tedious and labor-intensive tasks, as well as bring a new level of consistency to some historically subjective grading applications.
This SAE Information Report provides general information for installing and tightening fluid conductors and connectors. Following these guidelines, with the consistent proper use of torque wrenches, tightening procedures, and correct torque levels, will result in diminishing leaks and improving service life by avoiding hose twisting, tube binding, false torque, and improper joint closures. Since many factors influence the pressure at which a hydraulic system will or will not perform satisfactorily, this report should not be used as a “standard” nor a “specification,” and the values shown should not be construed as “guaranteed” minimums, maximums, or absolutes. This document is an information report to help users by gathering available information from the various connector standards and publishing the information in one source for easy retrieval and applied common usage. This SAE Information Report is primarily intended for mobile/stationary industrial equipment applications. Aircraft
Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
In order to resolve global atmospheric environmental issues, latest diesel engines for industrial machinery are required to reduce the emission of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx), and particulate matter (PM). For this reason, it is essential to mount exhaust gas after treatment devices such as diesel particulate filter (DPF) and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) on diesel engine. Engines mounted DPF must carry out DPF regeneration that burns and removes PM. Generator engine has characteristic of being operated for a long time under light load condition with low exhaust temperature which is difficult for DPF regeneration. In addition, generating white smoke and inlet face clogging of DOC are caused by accumulated soot containing HC at the DOC when operating engine continuously under light load condition. In this study, DPF regeneration system suitable for generator engine and method for preventing white smoke and inlet face clogging of
Kato, DaichiOkano, HiroakiInoue, KatsushiNakano, Kota
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