Browse Topic: Vehicle performance

Items (1,421)
Tillage, a fundamental agricultural practice involving soil preparation for planting, has traditionally relied on mechanical implements with limited real-time data collection or adjustment capabilities. The lack of real-time data and implement statistics results in fleet managers struggling to track performance, driver behavior, and operational efficiency of the implements. Lack of data on vehicle performance can result in unexpected breakdowns and higher maintenance costs, ensuring compliance with regulations is challenging without proper data tracking, potentially leading to fines and legal issues. Bluetooth-enabled mechanical implements for tillage operations represent an emerging frontier in precision agriculture, combining traditional soil preparation techniques with modern wireless technology. Implement mounted battery powered BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) modules operated by solar panel based rechargeable batteries to power microcontroller. When Implement is operational turns
Kaniche, OnkarRajurkar, KartikGokhale, SourabhaVadnere, Mohan
Off-highway vehicles (OHVs) routinely navigate unstable and varied terrains—mud, sand, loose gravel, or uneven rock beds—causing increased rolling resistance, reduced traction, and high energy expenditure. Traditional rigid chassis systems lack the flexibility to adapt dynamically to changing surface conditions, leading to inefficiencies in vehicle stability, maneuverability, and fuel economy. This paper proposes an adaptive terrain morphing chassis (ATMC) that can actively modify its structural geometry in real-time using embedded sensors, hydraulic actuators, and soft robotic elements. Drawing inspiration from nature and recent advances in adaptive materials, the ATMC adjusts vehicle ground clearance, track width, and load distribution in response to terrain profile data, thereby optimizing fuel efficiency and performance. Key contributions include: A multi-sensor fusion system for real-time terrain classification Hydraulic actuators and morphing polymers for variable chassis
Vashisht, Shruti
Transmission tuning involves adjusting parameters within a vehicle's transmission control unit (TCU) or transmission control module (TCM) to optimize performance, efficiency, and driving experience. Transmission tuning is beneficial for optimizing performance, improving fuel efficiency, smoother shifting and enhancing drivability particularly when a vehicle's power output is increased or for specific driving conditions. Especially in offroad and agricultural machines, transmission tuning is vital to significantly improve vehicle performance during different operations. The process of transmission tuning is quite time consuming as multiple tuning iterations are required on the actual vehicle. A significant reduction in tuning time can be achieved using a simulation environment, which can mimic the actual vehicle dynamics and the real time vehicle behavior. In this paper, tuning during the forward and reverse motion of the tractor is described. A two-level PI control-based shift strategy
Varghese, Nithin
The reliability of vehicle steering systems is extremely important to ensure safety, vehicle performance and gain customer satisfaction. Life data analysis conducted to analyze how the steering systems are performing in the field and assess whether the steering systems can meet the reliability target when deployed in the field. This article discusses about the systematic process to conduct the field data analysis of Hydraulic Powered Steering System (HPS) from the warranty claim data, usage of Weibull distribution to derive the life characteristic parameters. Based on the process described in this article, the statistical analysis of the warranty claim data performed and identified that, “the Hydraulic Power Steering Gears demonstrated more than 99% reliability in the field with statistical confidence of 90% and able meet the ZF’s Internal target for the HPS Systems”.
Ravindran, MohanSugumar, Ganesh
Off-highway vehicles (OHVs) are essential in heavy-duty industries like mining, agriculture, and construction, as equipment availability and efficiency directly affect productivity. In these harsh settings, conventional maintenance plans relying on set intervals frequently result in either early component replacements or unexpected breakdowns. This document presents a Connected Aftermarket Services Platform (CASP) that utilizes real-time data analysis, predictive maintenance techniques, and unified e-commerce functionalities to evolve OHV fleet management into a proactive and smart operation. The suggested system integrates IoT-enabled telematics, cloud-based oversight, and AI-powered diagnostics to gather and assess machine health indicators such as engine load, vibration, oil pressure, and usage trends. Models for predictive maintenance utilize both historical and real-time data to produce advance notifications for component failures and maintenance requirements. Fleet managers get
Vashisht, Shruti
The increasing adoption of battery-electric propulsion in two- and 3-wheelers, small cars, and four-wheeled delivery vehicles has created a growing demand for technological advancements to improve their autonomy. Due to cost and weight constraints, these vehicles cannot incorporate highly sophisticated electric motors, as seen in the premium car sector. Therefore, achieving the best possible efficiency in urban and extra-urban commuting requires innovative solutions. One promising approach is the integration of a two-speed transmission into the drivetrain, which allows for load point shifting within the electric motor’s operating map. This strategy significantly reduces energy consumption while maintaining optimal performance. The presented research focuses on the design and development of a simple, cost-efficient two-speed transmission that provides a viable alternative to direct drive systems. While direct drive configurations are highly efficient, they often lack flexibility in
Tromayer, JuergenStückler, DavidKirchberger, Roland
In automotive systems, efficient thermal management is essential for refining vehicle performance, enhancing passenger comfort, and reducing MAC Power Consumption. The performance of an air conditioning system is linked to the performance of its condenser, which in turn depends on critical parameters such as the opening area, radiator fan ability and shroud design sealing. The opening area decides the airflow rate through the condenser, directly affecting the heat exchange efficiency. A larger opening area typically allows for greater airflow, enhancing the condenser's ability to dissipate heat. The shroud, which guides the airflow through the condenser, plays a vital role in minimizing warm air recirculation. An optimally designed shroud can significantly improve the condenser's thermal performance by directing the airflow more effectively. Higher fan capacity can increase the airflow through the condenser, improving heat transfer rates. However, it is essential to balance fan
Nayak, Akashlingampelly, RajaprasadNeupane, ManojMittal, SachinKumar, MukeshUmbarkar, Shriganesh
India, being one of the largest automotive markets has considered various policies affecting fuel efficiency to curb vehicle carbon emissions. In a typical light-duty vehicle (LDV), around 20% of the fuel's energy is used to power the wheels and overcome aerodynamic drag resistance. Aerodynamic drag resistance, influenced by the projected surface area, cooling drag and velocity refers to the resistive force encountered by the vehicle. Furthermore, cooling drag resistance is determined by the effective cooling system architecture and aerodynamic design of the front-end module (FEM), which has major impact on the vehicle's performance and ram curve. In the pursuit of enhancing cooling system architecture, this paper investigates thermal performance and structural integrity of using common fins for both the condenser and radiator to improve the inlet aerodynamic performance which lowers cooling fan power consumption. Preliminary results show a 12% notable reduction in motor power
K, MuthukrishnanVijayaraj, Jayanth MuraliN, AswinNarashimagounder, ThailappanMahobia, Tanmay
This paper offers a state-of-the-art energy-management strategy specifically developed for FCHEV focusing on robustness under uncertain operations. Currently, energy management strategies try to optimize fuel economy and take into account the sluggish response of fuel cells (FCs); however, they mostly do so assuming all system variables are explicit and deterministic. In real-world operations, however, a variety of sources may cause the uncertainty in power generation, energy conversion, and demand interactions, e.g., the variation of environmental variables, estimated error, and approximation error of system model, etc., which accumulates and adversely impacts the vehicle performance. Disregarding these uncertainities can result in overestimation of operating costs, overall efficiency and overstepped performance limitations, and, in serious cases can cause catastrophic system breakdown. To mitigate these risks, the current work introduces a neural network-based energy management
Deepan Kumar, SadhasivamM, BoopathiR, Vishnu Ramesh KumarKarthick, K NR, NithiyaR, KrishnamoorthyV, Dayanithi
The study emphasizes on detection of different faults and refrigerant leakage as well as performance investigation of automobile air conditioning system for an electric vehicle by varying various operating conditions. A refrigerant leak in an EV isn't just an inconvenience; it's a potential threat to vehicle range and usability, lifespan and health of the expensive battery pack, overall vehicle performance, passenger safety and comfort, component longevity (motor, power electronics), environmental responsibility. Due to the refrigerant leakage, the cooling system performance degrades, and components tend to fail. Because of that this study is focusing on deriving an algorithm to have an early detection of fault and leakage in the vehicle. The performance of the system is predicted for actual conditions of operation encountered by the automobile air conditioning system. The objective of the present work includes predicting the causes and effects of refrigerant leakage in AC system of
Bezbaruah, PujaYadav, AnkitPilakkattu, Deepak
In view of the contradiction between the best engine monomer performance and the poor vehicle performance existing energy management strategies, the objective of this study is to leverage deep reinforcement learning to incorporate the thermal characteristics of the engine into the optimization process of energy management strategies, thereby enhancing fuel economy under real-world vehicle operating conditions. Combining the real-time road condition information provided by the vehicle network system, the state space and action space are formulated based on the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) reinforcement learning algorithm, taking into account energy power and engine cooling constraints, while a generalized reward function design methodology is proposed. Based on bench test data, this paper establishes a series hybrid electric vehicle model with integrated engine thermal characteristics, and validates the effectiveness of the algorithm under actual road conditions by using the engine bench
Fu, WeiqiLei, NuoZhang, Hao
The latest electric vehicles (EVs) have advanced thermal management systems to regulate heat distribution across the vehicle, thereby improving the driving range. the author thinks that a key factor, which is influencing thermal performance during driving, is the effect of the driving-wind. However, EVs performance is evaluated by using a chassis dynamometer (CHDY), where it remains unclear whether the driving-wind specifications, which defined in the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), adequately replicate real-world conditions. This study investigates both internal combustion engine vehicles and several electrical vehicles to estimate the potential discrepancies in WLTP’s driving wind requirements. Specifically, the author modified the CHDY vehicle-cooling fan to more accurately simulate wind speed at the front and underside of the vehicle under real-world driving conditions, which drove at outside road. The author analyzed the impact of these modifications
Okui, Nobunori
Assessing the effect of road grade on the performance evaluation and testing of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) requires the efficient construction of a high-quality multi-parameter driving cycle of HDVs. However, existing pure random heuristic methods fail to preserve the driving characteristics of the original driving cycles, resulting in poor-quality outputs. In addition, the randomness inherent in multiple heuristic approaches limits the search efficiency. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel Monte Carlo tree search heuristic method (MCTSHM) for efficiently constructing multi-parameter driving cycles of HDVs. First, a satisfactory criterion model was used to design the objective function for the multi-parameter driving cycle, ensuring the evaluation indices satisfy given constraints. Next, heuristics were designed to maintain the dynamic transition characteristics of driving cycles. An improved Monte Carlo tree search was conducted to efficiently select heuristics more
Zhang, ManPei, ZhenlongHe, SiyuanQian, Xueming
The integration of digital twins within a digital thread framework offers significant benefits for managing Army ground and surface water vehicles. This paper examines how digital twins can enhance lifecycle management, operational efficiency, and maintenance for mature and new military vehicle programs. Scalable and cost-effective implementation with layered capabilities allows organizations to start with a cost-effective foundational model and phase in additional layers of capability over time. This phased approach allows you to expand your digital twin capabilities as program budgets permit, ensuring that you can adapt to evolving requirements without overwhelming upfront investment. For established programs, digital twins enable real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and data-driven decisions, improving resource allocation and cutting costs. For new programs, they speed up prototyping, integrate modern technologies, and enhance training capabilities. Case studies demonstrate
Gonzalez, Troy A.
With the introduction of the Euro 7 regulation, non-exhaust emissions – particularly those arising from brake and tire abrasion – will be regulated and subject to emission limits for the first time. This presents significant challenges not only for OEMs striving to meet these targets within the given timeframe, but also for suppliers, who must develop innovative solutions for the precise measurement, analysis, and mitigation of these emissions. To address this, it is essential to establish and industrialize new testing methodologies as structured, scalable, and cost-efficient processes. Beyond pure measurement capability, service providers in this domain are increasingly expected to serve as feedback mechanisms – identifying process limitations, proposing targeted improvements, and thereby enabling continuous development in line with evolving technical and regulatory requirements. In this context, AVL is pursuing a holistic development strategy that integrates brake emission
Grojer, Bernd
In the rapidly advancing field of EV applications, the design of high-efficient inverters is one of the key factors in improving overall vehicle performance. This paper presents the design of a three-level (3-L) automotive inverter based on GaN technology, aimed at enhancing the performance and efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs). GaN components, sourced from Cambridge GaN Devices (CGD), are utilized to leverage their superior switching characteristics and efficiency. The work is supported by both simulation and experimental results, which confirm the advantages of integrating GaN components and the 3-L inverter topology. The findings demonstrate improved performance, lower losses, and enhanced overall efficiency, making this design a promising solution for the future of EV power electronics.
Battiston, AlexandreAghaei Hashjin, SaeidFindlay, JohnHaje Obeid, NajlaSiad, Ines
On the path to the decarbonization of the transport sector, the development of electric vehicles (EVs) is crucial to meeting the targets set by international regulatory bodies. EVs operate with zero tailpipe emissions and offer high energy efficiency and flexibility; however, challenges remain in achieving a fully sustainable electricity supply. In this context, powertrain design plays a fundamental role in determining vehicle performance and mission feasibility, which are strongly influenced by operating conditions and application characteristics, such as driving profiles and ambient temperature. A key challenge is the optimal sizing of components, particularly the battery pack and the electric motor. Therefore, a structured and methodological approach to powertrain design is essential to ensuring an optimal configuration. To this end, the project focuses on an integrated approach based on a master-and-slave modeling framework applied to a light-duty commercial vehicle at two levels
Bartolucci, LorenzoCennamo, EdoardoGrattarola, FedericoLombardi, SimoneMulone, VincenzoTribioli, LauraAimo Boot, Marco
Medium- and heavy-duty fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) have gained attention over the battery electric vehicles, offering long vehicle range, fast refueling times, and high payload capacity. However, FCEVs face challenges of high upfront system cost and fuel cell system durability. To address the cost sensitivity of the fuel cell powertrain, it is imperative to maximize the operating efficiency of the energy and thermal management system while meeting the fuel cell durability requirements. This article presents an advanced adaptive control strategy for each of the energy and thermal management systems of a FCEV to maximize operating efficiency as well as vehicle performance. The proposed adaptive energy management strategy builds upon a real-time equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS), which is updated based on a horizon prediction algorithm using GPS and navigation data of the route. The algorithm predicts the battery state of charge (SOC) for a defined horizon, which
Batool, SadafBaburaj, AdithyaSadekar, GauravJoshi, SatyumFranke, Michael
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