Browse Topic: Driver assistance systems

Items (822)
ABSTRACT This paper describes a simulation model for autonomous vehicles operating in highly uncertain environments. Two elements of uncertainty are studied – rain and pedestrian interaction – and their effects on autonomous mobility. The model itself consists of all the essential elements of an autonomous vehicle: Scene -roads, buildings, etc., Environment - sunlight, rain, snow, etc., Sensors - gps, camera, radar, lidar, etc., Algorithms - lane detection, pedestrian detection, etc., Control - lane keeping, obstacle avoidance, etc., Vehicle Dynamics – mass, drivetrain, tires, etc., and Actuation - throttle, braking, steering, etc. Using this model, the paper presents results that assess the autonomous mobility of a Polaris GEM E6 type of vehicle in varying amounts of rain, and when the vehicle encounters multiple pedestrians crossing in front. Rain has been chosen as it impacts both situational awareness and trafficability conditions. Mobility is measured by the average speed of the
Alghodhaifi, HeshamLakshmanan, SridharBaek, StanleyRichardson, Paul
ABSTRACT Popularity of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in the passenger car industry has seen an explosive growth in recent years. Some ADAS that are becoming ubiquitous are Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Blind Spot Detection (BSD) and automatic parking or parking assistance systems. In many cases, such systems had been developed specifically to handle the most demanding driving conditions at very high speeds, which typically require very sophisticated software and high-power hardware. However, in the other application areas or geographical regions, such sophistication often hinders adoption of the technology. An alternate approach is to use off-the-shelf (OTS) component as much as possible so that similar systems with an appropriate subset of functions can be developed cheaply and quickly. The approach similar to the NASA’s “PhoneSats” program is discussed in this paper
Bae, HongJiang, YiHennessy, Chris
ABSTRACT The Army has identified an operational need for a Robotic Convoy capability for its tactical vehicle fleets. The Department of Defense (DoD), with a fleet of over several hundred thousand tactical vehicles, must identify an approach with supporting technology and supply base to procure and support a Robotic Convoy solution at the lowest possible cost. While cost is a key driver, the selected system approach must be proven and robust to ensure the safety of our soldiers and the supply chain. An effective approach is to integrate and adapt the advanced automotive technologies, components and suppliers currently delivering advanced safety technologies into the automotive market. These advanced automotive technologies merged with DoD robotics enhancements in tactical behaviors, autonomous driving, command & control and unmanned systems collaboration will advance the operational utility of robotic convoy application in manned and unmanned modes. Figure 1 Military Application The
Coplen, Christina E.Lane, Gerald R.
ABSTRACT In order to expedite the development of robotic target carriers which can be used to enhance military training, the modification of technology developed for passenger vehicle Automated Driver Assist Systems (ADAS) can be performed. This field uses robotic platforms to carry targets into the path of a moving vehicle for testing ADAS systems. Platforms which are built on the basis of customization can be modified to be resistant to small arms fire while carrying a mixture of hostile and friendly pseudo-soldiers during area-clearing and coordinated attack simulations. By starting with the technology already developed to perform path following and target carrying operations, the military can further develop training programs and equipment with a small amount of time and investment. Citation: M. Bartholomew, D. Andreatta, P. Muthaiah, N. Helber, G. Heydinger, S. Zagorski, “Bringing Robotic Platforms from Vehicle Testing to Warrior Training,” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle
Bartholomew, MeredithAndreatta, DaleMuthaiah, PonaravindHelber, NickHeydinger, GaryZagorski, Scott
Advances in vehicle sensing and communication technologies are enabling new opportunities for intelligent driver assistance systems that enhance road safety and performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research on two complementary areas: haptic/tactile interfaces for conveying road terrain and hazard information to drivers, and shared control frameworks that employ assistive automation to supplement driver inputs. Various haptic feedback techniques for generating realistic road feel through steering wheel torque overlays, pedal interventions, and alternative interface modalities are examined. Control assistance approaches integrating environmental perception to provide steering, braking, and collision avoidance support through blended human–machine control are also analyzed. The paper scrutinizes methods for road sensing using cameras, LiDAR, and radar to classify terrain for adapting system response. Evaluation practices across this domain are critically
Shata, Abdelrahman Ali AdelNaghdy, FazelDu, Haiping
While weaponizing automated vehicles (AVs) seems unlikely, cybersecurity breaches may disrupt automated driving systems’ navigation, operation, and safety—especially with the proliferation of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technologies. The design, maintenance, and management of digital infrastructure, including cloud computing, V2X, and communications, can make the difference in whether AVs can operate and gain consumer and regulator confidence more broadly. Effective cybersecurity standards, physical and digital security practices, and well-thought-out design can provide a layered approach to avoiding and mitigating cyber breaches for advanced driver assistance systems and AVs alike. Addressing cybersecurity may be key to unlocking benefits in safety, reduced emissions, operations, and navigation that rely on external communication with the vehicle. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Cybersecurity focuses on considerations regarding cybersecurity and AVs from the
Coyner, KelleyBittner, Jason
You've got regulations, cost and personal preferences all getting in the way of the next generation of automated vehicles. Oh, and those pesky legal issues about who's at fault should something happen. Under all these big issues lie the many small sensors that today's AVs and ADAS packages require. This big/small world is one topic we're investigating in this issue. I won't pretend I know exactly which combination of cameras and radar and lidar sensors works best for a given AV, or whether thermal cameras and new point cloud technologies should be part of the mix. But the world is clearly ready to spend a lot of money figuring these problems out
Blanco, Sebastian
To round out this issue's cover story, we spoke with Clement Nouvel, Valeo's chief technical officer for lidar, about Valeo's background in ADAS and what's coming next. Nouvel leads over 300 lidar engineers and the company's third-generation Scala 3 lidar is used on production vehicles from European and Asian automakers. The Scala 3 sensor system scans the area around a vehicle 25 times per second, can detect objects more than 200 meters (656 ft) away with a wide field of vision and operates at speeds of up to 130 km/h (81 mph) on the highway. In 2023, Valeo secured two contracts for Scala 3, one with an Asian manufacturer and the other with a “leading American robotaxi company,” Valeo said in its most-recent annual report. Valeo has now received over 1 billion euros (just under $1.1 billion) in Scala 3 orders. Also in 2023, Valeo and Qualcomm agreed to jointly supply connected displays, clusters, driving assistance technologies and, importantly, sensor technology for to two- and three
Dinkel, John
North America's first electric, fully integrated custom cab and chassis refuse collection vehicle - slated for initial customer deliveries in mid-2024 - is equipped with a standard advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS). “A typical garbage truck uses commercial off-the-shelf active safety technologies, but the electrified McNeilus Volterra ZSL was purpose-built with active safety technologies to serve our refuse collection customer,” said Brendan Chan, chief engineer for autonomy and active safety at Oshkosh Corporation, McNeilus' parent company. “We wanted to make the safest and best refuse collection truck out there. And by using cloud-based simulation, we could accelerate the development of ADAS and other technologies,” Chan said in an interview with Truck & Off-Highway Engineering during the 2024 dSPACE User Conference in Plymouth, Michigan
Buchholz, Kami
iMotions employs neuroscience and AI-powered analysis tools to enhance the tracking, assessment and design of human-machine interfaces inside vehicles. The advancement of vehicles with enhanced safety and infotainment features has made evaluating human-machine interfaces (HMI) in modern commercial and industrial vehicles crucial. Drivers face a steep learning curve due to the complexities of these new technologies. Additionally, the interaction with advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) increases concerns about cognitive impact and driver distraction in both passenger and commercial vehicles. As vehicles incorporate more automation, many clients are turning to biosensor technology to monitor drivers' attention and the effects of various systems and interfaces. Utilizing neuroscientific principles and AI, data from eye-tracking, facial expressions and heart rate are informing more effective system and interface design strategies. This approach ensures that automation advancements
Nguyen, Nam
While various Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) features have become more prevalent in passenger vehicles, their ability to potentially avoid or mitigate vehicle crashes has limitations. Due to current technological limitations, forward collision mitigation technologies such as Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Automated Emergency Braking (AEB) lack the ability to consistently perform in many unique and challenging scenarios. These limitations are often outlined in driver manuals for ADAS equipped vehicles. One such scenario is the case of a stationary lead vehicle at the side of the road. This is generally considered to be a challenging scenario for FCW and AEB to address because it can often be difficult for the system to discern this threat accurately and consistently from non-threatening roadway infrastructure without unnecessary or nuisance system activations. This is made more difficult when the stationary lead vehicle is only partially in the driving lane and not
Scally, SeanParadiso, MarcKoszegi, GiacomoEaster, CaseyKuykendal, MichelleAlexander, Ross
ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) is a growing technology in automotive industry, intended to provide safety and comfort to the passengers with the help of variety of sensors like radar, camera, LIDAR etc. Though ADAS improved safety of passengers comparing to conventional non-ADAS vehicles, still it has some grey areas for safety enhancement and easy assistance to drivers. BSW (Blind Spot Warning) and LCA (Lane Change Assist) are ADAS function which assists the driver for lane changing. BSW alerts the driver about the vehicles which are in blind zone in adjacent lanes and LCA alerts the driver about approaching vehicles at a high velocity in adjacent lanes. In current ADAS systems, BSW and LCA alerts are given as optical and acoustic warnings which is placed in vehicle side mirrors. During lane change the driver must see the side mirrors to take a decision. Due to this, there is a reaction time for taking a decision since driver must divert attention from windshield to side
R, ManjunathSaddaladinne, Jagadeesh BabuD, Gopinath
Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles (PHEV) have been of significant importance recently to comply with future CO2 and pollutant emissions limit. However, performance of these vehicles is closely related to the energy management strategy (EMS) used to ensure minimum fuel consumption and maximize electric driving range. While conventional EMS concepts are developed to operate in wide range of scenarios, this approach could potentially compromise the fuel consumption benefit due to the omission of route and traffic information. With the advancements in the availability of real-time traffic, navigation and driving route information, the EMS can be further optimized to extract the complete potential of a PHEV. In this context, this paper presents application of predictive energy management (PEM) functionalities combined with information such as live traffic data to reduce the fuel consumption for a P1/P3 configuration PHEV vehicle. The proposed PEM uses on-board navigation and E-horizon data based on
Liu, XuewuSrivastava, VivekPan, WangSchaub, JoschkaSun, JianqiangTian, XiDeng, YunfeiXiong, JieWu, XiaojunMuthyala, PaulXu, Xiangyang
The advent of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication has revolutionized the automotive industry, particularly with the rise of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). V2X enables vehicles to communicate not only with each other (V2V) but also with infrastructure (V2I) and pedestrians (V2P), enhancing road safety and efficiency. ADAS, which includes features like adaptive cruise control and automatic intersection navigation, relies on V2X data exchange to make real-time decisions and improve driver assistance capabilities. Over the years, the progress of V2X technology has been marked by standardization efforts, increased deployment, and a growing ecosystem of connected vehicles, paving the way for safer and more efficient automated navigation. The EcoCAR Mobility Challenge was a 4-year student competition among 12 universities across the United States and Canada sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, MathWorks, and General Motors, where each team received a 2019 Chevrolet
Chowduri, SuhritMidlam-Mohler, ShawnSingh, Karun Prateek
The current approach for new Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and Connected and Automated Driving (CAD) function development involves a significant amount of public road testing which is inefficient due to the number miles that need to be driven for rare and extreme events to take place, thereby being very costly also, and unsafe as the rest of the road users become involuntary test subjects. A new development, evaluation and demonstration method for safe, efficient, and repeatable development, demonstration and evaluation of ADAS and CAD functions called Vehicle-in-Virtual –Environment (VVE) was recently introduced as a solution to this problem. The vehicle is operated in a large, empty, and flat area during VVE while its localization and perception sensor data is fed from the virtual environment with other traffic and rare and extreme events being generated as needed. The virtual environment can be easily configured and modified to construct different testing scenarios on
Cao, XinchengChen, HaochongGelbal, Sukru YarenAksun Guvenc, BilinGuvenc, Levent
Robustness testing of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) features is a crucial step in ensuring the safety and reliability of these systems. ADAS features include technologies like adaptive cruise control, lateral and longitudinal controls, automatic emergency braking, and more. These systems rely on various sensors, cameras, radar, lidar, and software algorithms to function effectively. Robustness testing aims to identify potential vulnerabilities and weaknesses in these systems under different conditions, ensuring they can handle unexpected scenarios and maintain their performance. Mileage accumulation is one of the validation methods for achieving robustness. It involves subjecting the systems to a wide variety of real-world driving conditions and driving scenarios to ensure the reliability, safety, and effectiveness of the ADAS features. Following ISO 21448 (Safety of the intended functionality-SOTIF), known hazardous scenarios can be tested and validated through robustness
Almasri, HossamFan, Hsing-HuaMudunuri, Venkateswara Raju
When investigating traffic accidents, it is important to determine the causes. To do so, it is necessary to reconstruct the accident situation accurately and in detail using objective and diverse information. We propose a method for reconstructing the accident situation (“reconstruction method”) which consists of rebuilding the situation immediately before the collision (“pre-crash situation”) using data collected during that time by an event data recorder (EDR) and a dashboard camera (DBC) onboard one or both of the vehicles involved. First, the vehicle’s traveling trajectory was integrally calculated using the vehicle speed and yaw rate recorded by the EDR, each point along the trajectory being linked to the EDR data. After being combined with the DBC’s video data, the trajectory was projected onto the road surface around the accident site, which allowed us not only to display on a single road map the vehicle’s traveling trajectory, but also to provide, on each point along the
Matsumura, HidekiSugiyama, MotokiIWATA, Takekazu
Lane detection plays a critical role in autonomous vehicles for safe and reliable navigation. Lane detection is traditionally accomplished using a camera sensor and computer vision processing. The downside of this traditional technique is that it can be computationally intensive when high quality images at a fast frame rate are used and has reliability issues from occlusion such as, glare, shadows, active road construction, and more. This study addresses these issues by exploring alternative methods for lane detection in specific scenarios caused from road construction-induced lane shift and sun glare. Specifically, a U-Net, a convolutional network used for image segmentation, camera-based lane detection method is compared with a radar-based approach using a new type of sensor previously unused in the autonomous vehicle space: radar retro-reflectors. This evaluation is performed using ground truth data, obtained by measuring the lane positions and transforming them into pixel
Brown, Nicolas EricPatil, PriteshSharma, SachinKadav, ParthFanas Rojas, JohanHong, Guan YueDaHan, LiaoEkti, AliWang, RossMeyer, RickAsher, Zachary
Traditional autonomous vehicle perception subsystems that use onboard sensors have the drawbacks of high computational load and data duplication. Infrastructure-based sensors, which can provide high quality information without the computational burden and data duplication, are an alternative to traditional autonomous vehicle perception subsystems. However, these technologies are still in the early stages of development and have not been extensively evaluated for lane detection system performance. Therefore, there is a lack of quantitative data on their performance relative to traditional perception methods, especially during hazardous scenarios, such as lane line occlusion, sensor failure, and environmental obstructions. We address this need by evaluating the influence of hazards on the resilience of three different lane detection methods in simulation: (1) traditional camera detection using a U-Net algorithm, (2) radar detections using infrastructure-based radar retro-reflectors (RRs
Patil, PriteshFanas Rojas, JohanKadav, ParthSharma, SachinMasterson, AlexandraWang, RossEkti, AliDaHan, LiaoBrown, NicolasAsher, Zachary
Objection detection using a camera sensor is essential for developing Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Autonomous Driving (AD) vehicles. Due to the recent advancement in deep Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs), object detection based on CNNs has achieved state-of-the-art performance during daytime. However, using an RGB camera alone in object detection under poor lighting conditions, such as sun flare, snow, and foggy nights, causes the system's performance to drop and increases the likelihood of a crash. In addition, the object detection system based on an RGB camera performs poorly during nighttime because the camera sensors are susceptible to lighting conditions. This paper explores different pedestrian detection systems at low-lighting conditions and proposes a sensor-fused pedestrian detection system under low-lighting conditions, including nighttime. The proposed system fuses RGB and infrared (IR) thermal camera information. IR thermal cameras are used as they are
Thota, Bharath kumarSomashekar, KarthikPark, Jungme
The rise of Software-Defined Vehicles (SDV) has rapidly advanced the development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Autonomous Vehicle (AV), and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) technology. While AVs need power to compute data from perception to controls, BEVs need the efficiency to optimize their electric driving range and stand out compared to traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles. AVs possess certain shortcomings in the current world, but SAE Level 2+ (L2+) Automated Vehicles are the focus of all major Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). The most common form of an SDV today is the amalgamation of AV and BEV technology on the same platform which is prominently available in most OEM’s lineups. As the compute and sensing architectures for L2+ automated vehicles lean towards a computationally expensive centralized design, it may hamper the most important purchasing factor of a BEV, the electric driving range. This research asserts that the development of
Kothari, AadiTalty, TimothyHuxtable, ScottZeng, Haibo
Adaptive cruise control is one of the key technologies in advanced driver assistance systems. However, improving the performance of autonomous driving systems requires addressing various challenges, such as maintaining the dynamic stability of the vehicle during the cruise process, accurately controlling the distance between the ego vehicle and the preceding vehicle, resisting the effects of nonlinear changes in longitudinal speed on system performance. To overcome these challenges, an adaptive cruise control strategy based on the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model with a focus on ensuring vehicle lateral stability is proposed. Firstly, a collaborative control model of adaptive cruise and lateral stability is established with desired acceleration and additional yaw moment as control inputs. Then, considering the effect of the nonlinear change of the longitudinal speed on the performance of the vehicle system. And the input penalty factor of the adaptive cruise control system is designed as a
Yan, YangXin, YafeiZheng, Hongyu
This paper has been withdrawn by the publisher because of non-attendance and not presenting at WCX 2024
Amin, Mohammad Has
With the development of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems, the need for systematic evaluation of AV performance has grown increasingly imperative. According to ISO 34502, one of the safety test objectives is to learn the minimum performance levels required for diverse scenarios. To address this need, this paper combines two essential methodologies - scenario-based testing procedures and scoring systems - to systematically evaluate the behavioral competence of AVs. In this study, we conduct comprehensive testing across diverse scenarios within a simulator environment following Mcity AV Driver Licensing Test procedure. These scenarios span several common real-world driving situations, including BV Cut-in, BV Lane Departure into VUT Path from Opposite Direction, BV Left Turn Across VUT Path, and BV Right Turn into VUT Path scenarios. Furthermore, the test cases are divided into different risk levels, allowing the AV to be tested in a variety of risk-level situations, with a
Wang, TinghanRahimi, ShujauddinSwaminathan, SunderZaidi, MohsinWishart, JeffreyLiu, Henry
Driver steering feature clustering aims to understand driver behavior and the decision-making process through the analysis of driver steering data. It seeks to comprehend various steering characteristics exhibited by drivers, providing valuable insights into road safety, driver assistance systems, and traffic management. The primary objective of this study is to thoroughly explore the practical applications of various clustering algorithms in processing driver steering data and to compare their performance and applicability. In this paper, principal component analysis was employed to reduce the dimension of the selected steering feature parameters. Subsequently, K-means, fuzzy C-means, the density-based spatial clustering algorithm, and other algorithms were used for clustering analysis, and finally, the Calinski-Harabasz index was employed to evaluate the clustering results. Furthermore, the driver steering features were categorized into lateral and longitudinal categories. Different
Chen, ChenZong, Changfu
Kognic's advanced interpretation of sensor data helps artificial intelligence and machine learning recognize the human thing to do. In December 2023, Kognic, the Gothenburg, Sweden-based developer of a software platform to analyze and optimize the massively complex datasets behind ADAS and automated-driving systems, was in Dearborn, Michigan to accept the Tech.AD USA award for Sensor Perception solution of the year. The company doesn't make sensors, but one might say it makes sense of the data that comes from sensors. Kognic, established in 2018, is well-known in the ADAS/AV software sector for its work to help developers extract better performance from and enhance the robustness of safety-critical “ground-truth” information gleaned from petabytes-upon-petabytes of sensor-fusion datasets. Kognic CEO and co-founder Daniel Langkilde espoused a path for improving artificial intelligence-reliant systems based on “programming with data instead of programming with code
Visnic, Bill
With the revolutionary advancements in modern transportation, offering advanced connectivity, automation, and data-driven decision-making has put the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to a high risk from being exposed to cyber threats. Development of modern transportation infrastructure, connected vehicle technology and its dependency over the cloud with an aim to enhance safety, efficiency, reliability and sustainability of ITS comes with a lot more opportunities to protect the system from black hats. This paper explores the landscape of cyber threats targeting ITS, focusing on their potential impacts, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. The cyber-attacks in ITS are not just limited to Unauthorized Access, Malware and Ransomware Attacks, Data Breaches, Denial of Service but also to Physical Infrastructure Attacks. These attacks may result in potentially disrupting critical transportation infrastructure, compromise user safety, and can cause economic losses effecting the
Dewangan, Kheelesh KumarPanda, VibekOjha, SunilShahapure, AnjaliJahagirdar, Shweta Rajesh
India is one of the largest markets for the automobile sector and considering the trends of road fatalities and injuries related to road accidents, it is pertinent to continuously review the safety regulations and introduce standards which promise enhanced safety. With this objective, various Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) regulations are proposed to be introduced in the Indian market. ADAS such as, Anti-lock Braking Systems, Advanced Emergency Braking systems, Lane Departure Warning Systems, Auto Lane Correction Systems, Driver Drowsiness Monitoring Systems, etc., assist the driver during driving. They tend to reduce road accidents and related fatalities by their advanced and artificial intelligent fed programs. This paper will share an insight on the past, recent trends and the upcoming developments in the regulation domain with respect to safety
Nayak, PratikRawal, VishalPatil, KamaleshTandon, VikramBadusha, Akbar
Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) systems play a critical role in ensuring vehicle safety by detecting potential rear-end collisions and automatically applying brakes to mitigate or prevent accidents. This paper focuses on establishing a framework for the Verification & Validation (V&V) of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) by testing & verifying the functionality of a RADAR-based AEB ECU. A comprehensive V&V approach was adopted, incorporating both virtual and physical testing. For virtual testing, closed-loop Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) simulation technique was employed. The AEB ECU was interfaced with the real-time hardware via CAN. Data for the relevant target such as the target position, velocity etc. was calculated using an ideal RADAR sensor model running on the real-time hardware. The methodology involved conducting a series of test scenarios, including various driving speeds, obstacle types, and braking distances. Automation was leveraged to perform automated testing and
Bhagat, AjinkyaKale, Jyoti GaneshPachhapurkar, NinadKarle, ManishR, ManishKarle, Ujjwala
The paper talks about Quantification of Alertness for vision based Driver Drowsiness and Alertness Warning System (DDAWS). The quantification of alertness, as per Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), reads the basic input of facial features & behaviour recognition of driver in a standard manner. Although quantification of alertness is inconclusive with respect to the true value, the paper emphasised on systematic validation process of the system covering various scenarios in order to evaluate the system’s functionality very close to the reality. The methodology depends on definition of threshold values of blink and head pose. The facial features are defined by number of blinks with classification of heavy blink and light blink and head pose in (x, y, z) directions. The Human Machine Interface (HMI) warnings are selected in the form of visual and acoustic signals. Frequency, Amplitude and Illumination of HMI alerts are specified. The protocols and trigger functions are defined and KSS
Balasubrahmanyan, ChappagaddaAkbar Badusha, AViswanatham, Satish
The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. Thus, with the development of new technologies, the challenges are also ever-increasing from an Electromagnetic Interference and Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) perspective. A lot of the latest technologies in Adaptive Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which include Rear Drive Assist, Blind Spot Detection (BSD), Lane Change Assist (LCA) to name a few, and other features like Anti-Braking System (ABS), Emergency Brake Assist (EBD) etc. rely heavily on different types of sensors and their detection circuitry. In addition, a lot of other internal functions in the Engine Control Unit (ECU) also depend on such sensors’ functionalities. Thus, it becomes imperative to study the potential impact of higher field emissions on the immunity behaviour of the sensors. In this paper, we will study the immunity behaviour of such an automotive capacitive touch-sensing integrated circuit (IC) and its impact on the application of the
Boya, Vinay KumarAdhyapak, AnoopKomma, VineethaSahoo, Manoranjan
As the automotive industry is coming up with various ADAS solutions, RADAR is playing an important role. There are many parameters concerning RADAR detections to acknowledge. Unsupervised Clustering methods are used for RADAR applications. DBSCAN clustering method which is widely used for RADAR applications. The existing clustering DBSCAN is not aligned very well with its hyperparameters such as epsilon (the radius within which each data point checks the density) and minimum points (minimum data points required within a circle to check for core point) for which a calibration is needed. In this paper, different methods to choose the hyperparameters of DBSCAN are compared and verified with different clustering evaluation criteria. A novel method to select hyperparameters of the DBSCAN algorithm is presented with the paper. For testing the given algorithm, ground truth data is collected, and the results are verified with MATLAB-Simulink
Payghan, Vaibhav SantoshPrajapati, MiitChauhan, Abhisha
Heavy vehicles are major fuel consumers in road transportation, and the traditional way to reduce fuel consumption is to reduce weight, resistance, improve mechanical transmission efficiency, and improve engine thermal efficiency. However, European heavy-duty truck companies took the lead in realizing predictive cruise control (PCC) technology on the basis of cruise through intelligent network technology, based on ADAS maps, and achieved good fuel saving effects. In this paper, by studying the fuel consumption characteristics of trucks, designing the dynamic parameters of the load and whole vehicle, the predictive adaptive cruise control (PACC) technology is realized based on the predictive cruise strategy, and the statistics of fuel saving rate under different cruise ratio conditions are analyzed through the big data platform
Qian, GuopingLu, ZhenghuaTian, JuntaoLiu, LianfangXi, ChongZhou, Xiaoying
Advanced Autonomous Vehicles (AV) for SAE Level 3 and Level 4 functions will lead to a new understanding of the operation phase in the overall product lifecycle. Regulations such as the EU Implementing Act and the German L4 Act (AFGBV) request a continuous field surveillance, the handling of critical E/E faults and software updates during operation. This is required to enhance the Operational Design Domain (ODD) during operation, offering Functions on Demand (FoD), by increasing software features within these autonomous vehicle systems over the entire digital product lifecycle, and to avoid and reduce downtime by a malfunction of the Autonomous Driving (AD) software stack. Supported by implemented effective management systems for Cyber Security (R155), Software Update Management System (R156) and a Safety Management System (SMS) (in compliance to Automated Lane Keeping System (ALKS) (R157)), the organizations have to ensure safe and secure development, deployment and operation to
Bublitz, LucasHerdrich, Michael
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes a test procedure for the evaluation of lane departure warning (LDW), lane keeping assistance (LKA), and lane centering assistance systems used in passenger vehicles and light trucks. This test procedure does not intend to exclude any particular system or sensing technology. The recommended practice can be used to test the functionality and performance of LDW, LKA, and lane centering assistance systems by assessing their ability to (1) warn (LDW) or control (LKA, lane centering assistance) in response to an unintended lane departure, and (2) the ability to indicate a system disengagement. The human machine interface (HMI) is not addressed herein but is considered in SAE J2808. The recommended practice specifies lane markers to enable lane departure testing, or road edges, to enable testing of road departure mitigation systems. The document is separated into two tiers. Tier One establishes a recommended minimum set of performance criteria for LDW
Active Safety Systems Standards Committee
The fusion of 4D millimeter-wave imaging radar and camera is an important development trend of advanced driver assistance systems and autonomous driving. In the field of multi-target tracking, the tracking is easy to lose due to the mutual occlusion of targets in the camera view. Therefore, combining the advantages of visual sensors and 4D millimeter-wave radar, a multi-sensor information fusion association algorithm is proposed. First, the 4D millimeter-wave radar point cloud is preprocessed, outliers are removed, and target-related information in the image is detected; then the point cloud is projected onto the image, and the targets in the segmented region are filtered. The filtered point cloud is clustered, and the correlation between the region projected onto the image and the detection box is calculated. Then use the unscented Kalman filter to predict, design rules to associate targets, and update innovation by multi-point weighting. This paper integrates the information of 4D
Zhao, DingjiaPeng, ShushengXue, DanLu, Xinfei
This paper describes a patented, standalone, intelligent Hill Drive Away Assist (HDAA) system, comprising of an electro-mechanical unit, to overcome the hurdles faced by the driver while starting the vehicle on a gradient. This system can be added as an additional feature in vehicles which have Manual or Automatic Transmission and are equipped with or without ABS (Antilock Braking System). The developed system is available as Hill Start Assist (HSA) feature in vehicles with Electronic Stability Control (ESC). This HSA functionality is achieved through Drive Away Release (DAR) feature in vehicles equipped with Electric Park Brake (EPB). In ABS only vehicles, this feature cannot be achieved with the existing hardware and software. This HDAA can be implemented as a stand-alone system in vehicles without ESC / EPB, thereby reducing the cost of the vehicle while providing the Hill Start feature. The HDAA is a driver friendly system, which aids the driver while trying to start a vehicle
Ramani, SudhaRamani, SriramBalasubramaniam, Ramthilak
The power of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) continues to increase alongside vehicle code and software complexity. To ensure ADAS functionality and maximize safety, cost efficiency, and customer satisfaction, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) must adopt a solution that allows them to mine data, extract meaningful information, send remote software updates and bug fixes, and manage software complexity. All of this is possible with an embedded telematics-based software and data management solution. Event-based logging enables OEMs to actively measure ADAS effectiveness and performance. It allows them to analyze driver behaviors, such as whether response times increase after a certain time of day, and adjust the ADAS settings to increase functionality, such as providing an earlier warning or automated response. A vertically integrated solution also enables the identification and correction of software and calibration defects for the entire vehicle life cycle through over
Parle, AmberSchwinke, SteveSikaria, MayankSawant, Amol
Toyota's luxury arm concurrently introduced the all-new, three-row 2024 Lexus TX and the long-awaited redesign of the rugged Lexus GX, also a '24 model. Both were met with enthusiasm at a reveal in Austin, Texas, over what Lexus is calling the new “unified spindle,” an evolution of the spindle grille that has been divisive since it appeared on the 2012 GS sedan. In a nifty trick, engineers have figured out how to include ADAS sensors in the grille without having asymmetrical blocks interrupt the bars. Dealers and more mainstream customers will be most interested in the TX, as Lexus Group Vice President Dejuan Ross said buyers have been clamoring for a new three-row SUV. And there's good reason: 70% of all full-size SUVs sold in America have a third row. For midsize SUVs, the number jumped from 6% to 10% from 2016 to 2022, according to J.D. Power
Clonts, Chris
Thousands die or are injured each year in automobile crashes. Reducing the number of these tragedies requires reframing our approach to vehicle- and human-based transportation mobility and depends on whether the mobility industry and individual human drivers take a more aggressive approach to saving lives and preventing injuries. Bringing automated driving systems technologies into the advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) and connected vehicle space will help humans drive more safely and better prepare us for automated vehicles (AVs). Reducing Human Driver Error and Setting Realistic Expectations with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems discusses the recent Partnership for Analytics Research in Traffic Safety report which shows that ADAS can indeed work. The path forward requires combining ADAS and ADS implementation with infrastructure engineering, law enforcement, education, emergency response, and public policy, with the goal of reaching zero deaths and serious injuries. It also
Chalmers, Seth
Accurately detecting lane lines remains a challenging task, especially with low-quality cameras due to the complex environment such as haze, uneven lighting, and shadows of actual roads. Despite numerous studies, lane line detection algorithms are still required to be improved for practical applications. In this work, we propose a new lane detection method that incorporates the brightness estimation concept of the single-scale retinex (SSR) algorithm into the dark channel prior (DCP) algorithm for image preprocessing. The improved DCP algorithm is used to estimate the atmospheric light intensity and remove haze noise, while simultaneously enhancing image contrast to reduce the difficulty of lane detection, especially under uneven lighting conditions, then followed by perspective transformation and HSV color space (hue, saturation, value) conversion, and finally, lane line recognition and tracking are performed using sliding windows and histogram statistics. Experimental results
Sun, ShihaoFeng, Lihang
The scope of this document is to describe system design guidelines for the use of haptic interfaces to manage system safety and functional aspects of designs applicable for OEM and aftermarket systems in light vehicles. The intent of these guidelines is to help system designers determine when to use haptic interfaces and how to ensure their effectiveness. These may be stand-alone interfaces or the haptic aspects of multi-modal (audio, video, speech, haptic) interfaces. Excludes haptic systems designed for use by passengers, which may be addressed in a future version
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