Browse Topic: Crankcases
This document covers the mechanisms associated with the power cylinder system which might affect blow-by. It will not discuss in detail the blow-by mechanisms from other systems or engine subsystems
This document describes methodologies to determine the causes of high oil consumption caused primarily by the power cylinder system
Due to increasing pollution and climatic cries, newly implemented BS-VI emission norms in India have stressed the reduction of emission. For which many automobiles have been shifted to alternate fuels like CNG. Also, the Indian Automotive market is fuel economy cautious. This challenges to focus on improving fuel economy but without an increase in emissions. Crankcase blow-by gases can be an important source of particulate emission as well as other regulated and unregulated emissions. They can also contribute to the loss of lubricating oil and fouling of surface and engine components. Closed Crankcase Ventilation (CCV) or Open Crankcase Ventilation (OCV) is capable to reduce particulate emissions by removing the oil mist that is caused mainly due to blow-by in the combustion chamber. This paperwork is focused, to measure the effectiveness of the CCV and OCV systems on the engine-out emissions, primarily on the particulate emissions. A comparative analysis of these crankcase ventilation
As part of transformation from BS4 to BS6 automobile emission standard in India, engine manufactures are focusing on continuous development of emission control technologies and suitable strategies. Exhaust tail pipe emission and Crankcase emission are added together to meet the regulation acceptable limit. The crankcase emissions contribute substantially to the total Particulate Matter (PM) emitted from an engine. Hence there is a need of design and development of suitable Crankcase ventilation system. This paper presents investigation of high PM contributed from Open Crankcase ventilation (OCV) system in Diesel engine and experiment based solutions
An afterburner-assisted turbocharged single-cylinder 425 cc two-stroke SI-engine is described in this simulation study. This engine is intended as a Backup Range Extender (REX) application for heavy-duty battery electric vehicles (BEV) when external electric charging is unavailable. The 425 cc engine is an upscaled version of a 125 cc port-injected engine [26] which demonstrated that the selected technology could provide a specific power level of 400 kW/L and the desired 150 kW in a heavy duty BEV application. The 425 cc single cylinder two-stroke engine is an existing engine as one half of a 850 cc snowmobile engine. This simulation study includes upscaling of the swept volume, impact on engine speed and gas exchange properties. In the same way as for the 125cc engine [26], the exhaust gases reaches the turbine through a tuned exhaust pipe and an afterburner or oxidation catalyst. The intent with the afterburner is to convert some of the air and hydrocarbons (HC) to heat to provide
Design and development of high-pressure pipe involves number of design validation plans for robust design in diesel engine. The fundamental behavior of two-cylinder diesel engine with parallel stroke involves high vibration which generates stress on components mounted on crankcase resulting into earlier fatigue failure. In this paper, the innovative approach of using optimized design of vibration damper for resolving high vibration stress concerns in fuel system is discussed. The vibration dampers were designed meeting both performance and durability aspects in two-cylinder diesel engine applicable for both passenger and commercial vehicle. This paper highlights the design approach involving experimental stress measurements and design optimization based on part development feasibility. We measured the vibration stress of the complete fuel system on engine test bench as well as in vehicle chassis dyno at different loads and engine speed to confirm the existence of resonance phenomenon
Power dense internal combustion engines (ICEs) are interesting candidates for onboard charging devices in different electric powertrain applications where the weight, volume and price of the energy storage components are critical. Single-cylinder naturally aspirated two-stroke spark-ignited (SI) engines are very small and power dense compared to four-stroke SI engines and the installation volume from a single cylinder two-stroke engine can become very interesting in some concepts. During charged conditions, four-stroke engines become more powerful than naturally aspirated two-stroke engines. The performance level of a two-stroke SI engines with a charging system is less well understood since only a limited number of articles have so far been published. However, if charging can be successfully applied to a two-stroke engine, it can become very power dense. This article outlines some of the challenges related to charging systems for a single-cylinder crank case scavenged two-stroke SI
This SAE Standard specifies the major dimensions and tolerances for Engine Flywheel Housings and the Mating Transmission Housing Flanges. It also locates the crankshaft flange face or the transmission pilot bore (or pilot bearing bore) stop face in relation to housing SAE flange face. This document is not intended to cover the design of the flywheel housing face mating with the engine crankcase rear face or the design of housing walls and ribs. Housing strength analysis and the selection of housing materials are also excluded. This document applies to any internal combustion engine which can utilize SAE No. 6 through SAE No. 00 size flywheel housing for mounting a transmission
Currently automotive design is facing multi facet challenges such as reduction in greenhouse gases, better thermal management, and low cost solution to market, vehicle weight management etc. Considering these challenges, efforts had been taken to improve weight management of engine while optimizing the cost of it. Good ‘engine breathing’ is usually associated with efficient intake system e.g. high flow air filter, a well-designed manifold, cylinder block, cylinder head and cylinder head cover etc. However, efficient ‘crankcase breathing’ is an equally important function of any engine. Even in a new engine, the combustion pressure will inevitably pass the piston rings into the crankcase. If an engine’s breathing system should become blocked or restricted, the crankcase will pressurize causing lots of problems to the engine. Prior to 1963 most vehicle engines vented their vapors and oil deposits to atmosphere and the road surface. With increasing environmental pressures positive
The methods and principles of monitoring and diagnosing the parameters of power units are generalized. They allow increasing the wheeled vehicles operational reliability. Systems for monitoring the functional stability parameters of the most sensitive to operating conditions systems and assemblies of machines have been developed on the example of a cylinder-piston engine group and steering. An improved method for diagnosing the steering of an articulated wheeled vehicle, which significantly affects the safety of its use, is proposed based on the use of angular accelerations of sections in the road plane as a diagnostic parameter. The dependence for determining the angular accelerations for the case of the random installation of two sensors of the mobile registration and measuring complex on the machine, which allows increasing the accuracy of measurements, is obtained. Experimental studies to diagnose the steering of wheeled vehicles with various operating times have been carried out
Beside the main trend technologies such as downsizing, down speeding, external exhaust gas recirculation, and turbocharging in combination with Miller cycles, the optimization of the mechanical efficiency of gasoline engines is an important task in meeting future CO2 emission targets. Friction in the piston assembly is responsible for up to 45% of the total mechanical loss in a gasoline engine. Therefore, optimizing piston assembly friction is a valuable approach in improving the total efficiency of an internal combustion engine. The form honing process enables new specific shapes of the cylinder liner surface. These shapes, such as a conus or bottle neck, help enlarge the operating clearance between the piston assembly and the cylinder liner, which is one of the main factors influencing piston assembly friction. To evaluate the potential of form honing, with respect to the optimization of frictional loss in the piston assembly, knowledge of the tribological effects occurring during
For the gasoline engine, the isochoric process is the ideal limit of the ideal processes. During the project, a combustion engine with real isochoric boundary conditions is built. A “resting time” of the piston for several degrees crank angle in the top dead center (TDC) can be realized with a special crank drive. This crank drive consists of two crankshafts with different strokes, which are combined. The two crankshafts rotate with a ratio of two to one in opposite directions. The total stroke corresponds to the amount of the first crankshaft, so it is possible to investigate different strokes of the second crankshaft in the same crankcase. Different “resting times” can be achieved by different strokes of the second crankshaft. A specific combination of both crankshafts make a stroke possible which corresponds to that of a conventional combustion engine. In addition to the standard cylinder pressure sensor, a quick surface temperature probe is also used as supplementary measurement
Aside from aerosols produced during the combustion of fossil fuels, the oil mist vented through the crankcase breather of the engine is considered as a threat to the environment or, in case of closed ventilation systems, to the functionality of the engine. In the past, these “blow-by” aerosols have been investigated mainly from the perspective of emitted oil mass. This study instead focuses on sources and reduction of fine aerosols in the size range of about 0.2-5 μm, where number concentrations are of equal importance. The investigation is conducted on a commercial truck diesel engine; aerosols are sampled with an optical particle counter at various locations along the blow-by path, in the region of the cylinder head before and after the oil aerosol separation system. The contribution of the turbocharger to the total aerosol load is found to be 24% by number and 21% by mass. The air compressor adds 8%-20% concerning number and mass only depending on the engine load. The influences of
When the engine oil evaporates in the crankcase, it is necessary to discharge to the outside of the engine or returns to the intake air as part of blow-by gas. The amount of oil content in the blow-by gas is preferable to be as small as possible. This paper researched the evaporation characteristics of diesel engine oil for heavy duty into blow-by gas using 5W-30 and 10W-30 engine oils with the equivalent to Noack. As a result, it is found that evaporate phenomenon cannot be explained well enough by just Noack and clarified of the oil evaporation mechanism in blow-by gas
Currently automotive industry is facing bi-fold challenge of reduction in greenhouse gases emissions as well as low operating cost. On one hand Emission regulations are getting more and more stringent on other hand there is major focus on customer value proposition. In engine emission the blow by gases are one of the source of greenhouse gases from engine. Blow-by gases not only consist of unburnt hydrocarbons but also carry large amount of oil. If oil is not separated from these gases, it will led to major oil consumption and hence increase total operating cost of Vehicle. Considering the above challenges, effort taken to develop a low-cost closed crankcase ventilation with oil mist separation system on diesel engine. For cost-effective solution, two different design and configuration of oil mist separation system developed. Further, engine with two different above said configuration has been tested for blow-by gasses and oil consumption measurement on Engine test bed and vehicle to
To provide a method by which to assess the cleanliness of new hydraulic fluids. The method is applicable to new mineral and synthetic hydraulic fluids - regardless of packaging. This SAE Standard is not intended as a procedure for operating equipment
In addition to performance target, recent stringent emission legislation and reduction in oil consumption are the major driving force for engine design and development. In this reference importance of crankcase ventilation has increased immensely and the manufacturers are bound to develop most efficient system with high oil trap efficiency. In crankcase ventilation system, the blow-by gases from the crankcase are routed to the intake manifold through Oil separator system. The oil separator task is to retain the oil part from the blow by gas and send it back to sump. Developing an oil separator for the engine studied here was very challenging considering double stage turbocharger which produces very fine mist of oil and is difficult to separate. The study shows that oil mist coming in blow by is of size 0.3 micron and lesser than it. The major contribution of these fine mists was from turbocharger. Keeping this in view, an oil separation unit which is an integral part of cam cover had
This procedure covers ultrasonic inspection of tubular, centrifugally-cast, corrosion-resistant steel cylinders
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