Browse Topic: Pneumatic systems
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) lists military and industry specifications, standards, recommended practices, and information reports applicable to aerospace hydraulic and pneumatic systems and components.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies solid, un-cut polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) retainers (backup rings) for use in glands in accordance with AS4716. They are usually used in hydraulic and pneumatic system components as anti-extrusion devices in conjunction with O-rings and other seals for static and dynamic applications.
This SAE Information Report establishes a minimum level of uniform recipes for contaminants which may be used when durability testing pneumatic components to obtain additional information on how a device may perform under more true-to-life operating conditions. This type of contamination testing, however, is not meant to replace the type of performance testing described in SAE J1409 and SAE J1410. Durability testing in the presence of contamination will yield results more reflective of actual in-service field conditions and provide an additional evaluation of pneumatic devices. While the contaminant supply rate and other test criteria of the device being tested must be set by the device manufacturer or user, the items covered in this document will be:
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of two types of thin-wall, close-tolerance hydraulic tubing 0.125 to 2.00 inches (3.18 to 50.8 mm), inclusive, in nominal OD.
Traditional robotics has been supported mainly by the automotive industry, so the performance of these devices was adapted to the needs of transportation manufacturers. Envisioning smaller and more lightweight robotics, designers realized that cobots could be used for millions of assembly tasks now being carried out by humans. Following traditional thinking, every cobot in use today is based on electric motors and drives. Something new is on the horizon, however: a cobot based on pneumatic technology that will change the paradigm of a cobot itself and open the door to new ways of thinking about robotic design. Pneumatics will simplify components and make it easy to operate these collaborative units.
While the U.S. historically has had much lower energy costs than in other parts of the world, today’s volatile energy market combined with the initiatives of many corporations to reduce carbon emissions has placed a renewed focus on manufacturing and energy usage. Designing a new pneumatic system or renovating an existing one through smart design concepts offers significant opportunities to lower energy consumption and improve machine performance. These smart design concepts also lead to more robust and easier to maintain pneumatic systems.
This document deals with ground and flight test of airplane installed Environmental Control Systems (ECS), Figure 1. The ECS provide an environment, controlled within specified operational limits of comfort and safety, for humans, animals, and equipment. These limits include the following: pressure, temperature, humidity, ventilation air velocity, ventilation rate, wall temperature, audible noise, vibration, and environment composition (ozone, contaminants, etc.). The ECS are composed of equipment, controls, and indicators that supply, distribute, recycle and exhaust air to maintain the desired environment.
Pneumatics have been used in automated machines for well over 100 years, with pneumatic technology developing and evolving for over 1,000 years in some form or another; for example, as boat sails.
Engineers have created a four-legged soft robot that doesn’t need any electronics to work. The robot only needs a constant source of pressurized air for all its functions including its controls and locomotion systems. Applications include robots that can operate in environments where electronics cannot function such as MRI machines or mine shafts. Soft robots are of particular interest because they easily adapt to their environment and operate safely near humans.
The article theoretically substantiates the choice of the full-load curve of a pneumatic power unit and a pneumatic power unit combined with an internal combustion engine by the example of a compact wheeled vehicle. The aim is to prove the possibility of using a pneumatic power unit for moving the compact wheeled vehicle taking into account work processes of a pneumatic power unit and an internal combustion engine. The unique feature of the considered theoretical approach in justifying the choice of the full-load curve of a pneumatic power unit and a pneumatic power unit combined with an internal combustion engine is comparison of operating modes of units being a part of a vehicle and the using the capacity of different units combination with similar burn processes at 800-1000 RPM-1. The suggested principle of combining power units with different work processes allows to determine the feasibility of sharing a pneumatic power unit and an internal combustion engine in heavy traffic on
As the automation industry advances toward digital transformation, some think that proven manufacturing technologies like pneumatics may become “outdated.” However, pneumatic technologies such as control valves continue to evolve, incorporating sensors, industrial network interfaces, wireless technology, and complex digital control features that can significantly improve automation applications through access to smarter, actionable information.
Leaves of a plant shift and turn toward the sunlight throughout the day. Some manmade materials can mimic this slow but steady reaction to light energy, usually triggered by lasers or focused ambient light. Researchers discovered a way to speed up this effect enough that its performance can compete against electrical and pneumatic systems.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides a system of graphic symbols and line codings that are intended primarily for usage in hydraulic and pneumatic system schematic diagrams for all types of aircraft.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies solid polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) retainers (backup rings) for use in static glands in accordance with AS5857. They are usually for use in hydraulic and pneumatic systems as anti-extrusion devices in conjunction with O-rings and other seals. NOTE: This specification includes material tests but does not include hydraulic or pneumatic performance tests.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) discusses design philosophy, system and equipment requirements, installation environment and design considerations for military and commercial aircraft systems within the Air Transport Association (ATA) ATA 100 specification, Chapter 36, Pneumatic. This ATA system/chapter covers equipment used to deliver compressed air from a power source to connecting points for other systems such as air conditioning, pressurization, ice protection, cross-engine starting, air turbine motors, air driven hydraulic pumps, on board oxygen generating systems (OBOGS), on board inert gas generating systems (OBIGGS), and other pneumatic demands. The engine bleed air system includes components for preconditioning the compressed air (temperature, pressure or flow regulation), ducting to distribute high or low pressure air to the using systems, and sensors/instruments to indicate temperature and pressure levels within the system. The engine bleed air system may
The report presents air conditioning data for aircraft cargo which is affected by temperature, humidity, ventilation rate and atmospheric pressure. The major emphasis is on conditioning of perishable products and warm-blooded animals. The report also covers topics peculiar to cargo aircraft or which are related to the handling of cargo.
Valve and tube manufacturers continue to battle the problem of fitting pipes and tubing together quickly and reliably. The spring drive fitting addresses this challenge, bridging the gap between solutions for small-diameter tube fittings commonly seen in high-pressure, low-flow-area pneumatic systems and solutions for large flanges used in low-pressure, high-flow-area hydraulic systems.
Soft actuators with pneumatic network have innovative potential applications in medical and rehabilitation areas. The performance of this kind of actuators is determined by the design of chambers and the properties of the active extensible layer and the passive inextensible layer. In this article, actuator with isosceles trapezoidal chambers is proposed. Orthogonal experiment design and finite element method are used to optimize the structure of actuators. Results indicate that adding constrain-limiting paper in the passive layer can significantly reduce the bending radius. Position of the paper in the passive layer also affects the bending radius. Actuators with trapezoidal chambers can have a smaller bending radius compared with that with rectangle chambers. The bending radius decreases as the ratio of short base to long base of trapezoid decreases. Increasing the number density of chambers can further reduce the bending radius. In addition, we find that the optimized actuator not
SAE J1942, developed through the cooperative efforts of the U.S. Coast Guard and SAE, became effective August 28, 19911, as the official document for nonmetallic flexible hose assemblies for commercial marine use. This SAE Standard covers specific requirements for several styles of hose and/or hose assemblies in systems aboard commercial vessels inspected and certificated by the U.S. Coast Guard. It is intended that this document establish hose constructions and performance levels that are essential to safe operations in the marine environment. Refer to SAE J1273 for selection, installation, and maintenance of hose and hose assemblies. Refer to SAE J1527 for hose to convey gasoline or diesel fuel aboard small craft, including pleasure craft and related small commercial craft regulated directly or by reference under 33 CFR 183 Subpart J, and boats and yachts meeting American Boat and Yacht Council standards. SAE J1942-1 is a listing of the products which have been certified for use in
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) lined, metallic reinforced, hose assemblies suitable for use in aerospace hydraulic, fuel, and lubricating oil systems at temperatures between -67 °F and 450 °F for Class I assemblies, -67 °F and 275 °F for Class II assemblies, and at nominal pressures up to 1500 psi. The hose assemblies are also suitable for use within the same temperature and pressure limitations in aerospace pneumatic systems where some gaseous diffusion through the wall of the PTFE liner can be tolerated. The use of these hose assemblies in pneumatic storage systems is not recommended. In addition, installations in which the limits specified herein are exceeded, or in which the application is not covered specifically by this standard, for example oxygen, shall be subject to the approval of the procuring activity.
See Table 1.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies test methods for tube-fitting assemblies used in aircraft fluid systems in the following pressure classes: B (1500 psi or 10500 kPa), D (3000 psi or 21000 kPa), E (4000 psi or 28000 kPa), and J (5000 psi or 35000 kPa) and in temperature types I (-65 to 160 °F or -55 to 70 °C), II (-65 to 275 °F or -55 to 135 °C), and III (-65 to 400 °F or -55 to 200 °C) of AS2001. This document applies each time that it is referred to in a procurement specification or other definition document. Fluids and materials used for the tests are listed in Section 2.
Some species of sharks must constantly swim to keep water flowing over their gills to stay alive. That same concept also tends to apply to technology — once a technology stops evolving and moving forward, it's on its way to extinction. Fortunately for those responsible for designing and maintaining the pneumatic systems found throughout industrial environments, new sensing and data communications solutions are making pneumatics smarter and simpler to integrate into the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The future of pneumatics will be linked with the expansion of smart sensing technology. Cost-effective sensing and information processing equipment is now becoming part of all types of fluid power equipment, from connectors, tubing, and hoses, to pneumatic cylinders, actuators, and filters.
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