Browse Topic: Nanotechnology

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Graphene based solar photonic battery for Aircraft-A Finite Element based 2D Analysis2025-28-0389To be published on 10/30/2025
Over the past one decade, progresses in nanoscience and nano technology have unlocked up novel avenues for the formation of operative photo cells. Currently, metal, polymer and semiconductor nanostructure designs for photovolotaic cells can be built. Considering the optical and electrical mechanisms underlying photovoltaic conversion has also helped from hypothetical and modeling reviews. The great cost and low efficacy of contemporary solar photo voltaic cells avoid solar energy from being used extensively. nanomaterials of one-dimensional (1-D) in particular have made original project potentials for additional efficient solar cells possible because of nanostructured ingredients. These one-dimensional nano structures, which include nanowires, nanorods, and nanotubes, present fantastic opportunities to boost photon concentration, electron transport, and electron gathering in photovoltaic battery. Graphene is a 2D (two-dimension), atomically thin, hexagonal lattice of carbon. The
P, Geetha, Sudarmani, R, c, Venkataramanan, Satyam, Satyam, Nagarajan, Sudarson
Automotive Engineering: August 202525AUTP0808/07/2025
Moving targets: How improvements to SiC, GaN power electronics will redefine EVs Smaller devices that can do the same or more efficient work than silicon can to markedly smaller EV powertrain components. Toyota's multi-pathway future on full display The automaker's showcase HQC event highlights engineering efforts to bring PHEV, EV, H2 powertrains to more people. 48V is coming, and not just for EVs While electric powertrains are driving 48V adoption, OEMs are realizing that xEV and ICE vehicles can benefit from a shift away from 12-volt architectures. Editorial Governmental nonsense Supplier Eye Delay and extend and rescope Industry vet: Rapid change required to catch up to Chinese EV makers ZF meets changing EV market with suite of improved components Factory robots see slight drop in growth, but still have momentum SAE J3400/2 update brings quicker NACS charging Audio updates you can't even hear 2026 Toyota bZ: improved, but still not a wheeeeeEV New styling, performance in a better
Q&A25AUTP08_1308/01/2025
Lyten is best-known as the developer of next-gen lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery technology. SAE Media spoke with Keith Norman, Lyten's chief sustainability officer, on how 3D Graphene is getting Lyten to branch out into motorsports.
Blanco, Sebastian
Modern Low Friction Coating Technology for Automotive Tribology2025-01-024706/16/2025
The aim of this work is to present the overviewing results of the low friction coating technology for modern automotive application with the themes, e.g. electric vehicle (EV), R&D trends and bioethanol fuel application. According to Forbes, China, armed with EV, could have several companies among the top 10 global brands by sales in 2030. EV’s friction is more severe than traditional powertrain friction. For the protection of EV’s wear and friction, the coatings, diamond like carbon (DLC) and CrCuN, are compared in the literature. Global coating companies developed with the keywords: hybrid process, low-temperature coating process for polymer material. Last coating conferences showed R&D trends: coating for polymer materials, tetrahedral amorphous carbon (taC) coating, low-temperature coating process and multi-elements containing coatings. In Korea, research institutions, universities and Hyundai Motor Group have a long-term project for the development of ultralow friction coatings of
Cha, Sung Chul, Moon, Kyoung Il, Kim, Jongkuk, Park, Chang Ho, Kim, Dong Sik
Fast-Charging, Long-Running, Bendable SupercapacitorTBMG-5322506/01/2025
A new bendable supercapacitor made from graphene has been developed that charges quickly and safely stores a record-high level of energy for use over a long period. The technology overcomes the issue faced by high-powered, fast-charging supercapacitors: they usually cannot hold a large amount of energy in a small space.
Ultra-Sensitive Sensor with Gold Nanoparticle ArrayTBMG-5322306/01/2025
Researchers have developed a new type of sensor platform using a gold nanoparticle array. The sensor is made up of a series of gold disk-shaped nanoparticles on a glass slide. When an infrared laser is pointed at a precise arrangement of the particles, they start to emit unusual amounts of ultraviolet (UV) light.
A New Method to Design Better Metallic MaterialsTBMG-5323406/01/2025
Engineers can now capture and predict the strength of metallic materials subjected to cycling loading, or fatigue strength, in a matter of hours, not the months or years it takes using current methods. In a new study, researchers from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign reported that automated high-resolution electron imaging can capture the nanoscale deformation events that lead to metal failure and breakage at the origin of metal failure.
Experimental Investigation of Carbon Nanotube Additives Effect on Performance and Emission of a High-Injection Pressure Common Rail Diesel Engine03-18-03-002005/16/2025
Due to the continuous decrease in fossil fuel resources, and drawbacks of some biofuel properties, in addition to restricted environmental concerns, it becomes a vital manner to innovate some approaches for energy saving and emission reduction. One of the promising approaches is to enhance the fuel properties via adding nanoparticles. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) blended with biofuels get extensive investigations by researchers using conventional diesel engines at relatively limited operating regimes. The objective of this work is to extend these studies using diesel fuel, rather than biofuels, on a high-injection pressure (1400–1600 bar) common rail diesel engine at wide operating conditions and higher CNT concentrations. Experimental results show an increase in peak pressure up to 24.46% than pure diesel when using 100 ppm CNTs concentration. Also, BSFC has decreased by 33.19%, and BTE increased by 54.2% compared to pure diesel fuel at high speeds and loads. NOx and CO2 emissions raised
Moaayet, Sayed, Neseem, Waleed Mohamed, Amin, Mohamed Ibrahim, Shahin, Motasem Abdelbaky
Advanced Manufacturing and Materials: Vol. 1EPRCOMPV02202404/30/2025
Lee-Jeffs, Ann, Safi, Joanna, Muelaner, Jody Emlyn, Barkan, Terrance
Test Method for Catalytic Carbon Brake Disk OxidationAIR5567A (Current)04/14/2025
The scope of the test method is to provide stakeholders including fluid manufacturers, airport operators, brake manufacturers, aircraft constructors, aircraft operators and airworthiness authorities with a relative assessment of the effect of deicing chemicals on carbon oxidation. This simple test is only designed to assess the relative effects of runway deicing chemicals by measuring mass change of contaminated and bare carbon samples tested under the same conditions. It is not possible to set a general acceptance threshold oxidation limit based on this test method because carbon brake stack oxidation is a function of heat sink design and the operating environment.
A-5A Wheels, Brakes and Skid Controls Committee
Nanocomposites Made with Poly(Lactic Acid)/Cellulose Nanofibers for Automotive Applications: The Impact of Annealing on 3D Printed Parts2025-01-832804/01/2025
The advance of regulatory emission standards for light-duty vehicles, trucks and motorcycles, coupled with rising sustainability concerns, particularly United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 12 (responsible consumption and production), has created an urgent need for lighter, stronger, and more ecological materials. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer derived from plant sources, offers promising mechanical tensile strength and processability. Nanocomposites, a solution that combines a base matrix with a nanoreinforcing filler, provides a path toward developing sustainable materials with new properties. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are a valuable nanofiller obtained through industrial waste or vegetal fibers, offer a promising avenue for strengthening PLA-based materials. Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained popularity due to its ability to create complex parts, prototyping designs, and to evaluate new nanocomposite materials such as PLA/CNF, showing significant
de Oliveira, Vinícius, Horiuchi, Lucas Nao, Goncalves, Ana Paula, De Andrade, Marina, Polkowski, Rodrigo
3D Design and Analyses of an IC Engine Piston under Fatigue Test Conditions Using CNTs for the Next-Generation of Motorcycles2025-01-835904/01/2025
CNTs play an important role in modern engineering projects, especially in engine pistons design for the next-generation of motorcycles. This work presents a comprehensive analyses proposed project using finite element method under actual operating conditions purpose performance evaluation of a motorcycle engine piston design, investigating the suitability of four distinct materials. Precise material properties adhering to linear elastic isotropic behavior were defined within the software environment and proposed advanced nanomaterial ensuring accurate representations of the proposed under the prescribed loading scenarios. The primary objective was to identify the optimal material choice for the piston, ensuring superior strength, minimal deformation, and lightweight characteristics essential for high-performance engine applications. Moreover interpreting and understanding the dynamic behavior of common and advanced engineering materials. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the
Ali, Salah H. R., Ahmed, Youssef G. A., Ali, Amr S.H.R.
A Systematic Review about Heat Shrink Sleeves Using Nanomaterials for the Automotive Industry2025-01-832904/01/2025
Heat shrink polymer is a type of material used in many industries’ segments due to their ability to contract and fit snugly around objects when heat is applied. These products are commonly commercialized in tube format (e.g.: sleeves), made from polyolefin or fluoropolymers, which have the property of shrinking when heated. Nanomaterials present many applications, and their usage is a remarkable tool aiming to improve many properties of materials. Then, many improvements including increase of performance and price reduction may be achieved due to its unique properties when nanomaterials are used into heat shrink polymer sleeves. This work presents a systematic review about the state of the art on heat-shrinkable materials for the automotive industry. As a methodology, articles from the last 10 years on the subject were selected. The keywords “heat shrink” AND “nanomaterial” AND “tubes OR sleeves” were used in three different databases, being “Scopus”, “Web of Science” and “MDPI”. After
Kerche, Eduardo F., Polkowski, Rodrigo, Horiuchi, Lucas, Goncalves, Everaldo
Mechanical Analysis of a Non-Pneumatic Tire’s Spokes2025-01-832704/01/2025
Mechanical analysis was performed of a non-pneumatic tire, specifically a Michelin Tweel size 18x8.5N10, that can be used up to a speed of 40 km/h. A Parylene-C coating was added to the rubber spoke specimens before performing both microscopic imaging and cyclic tensile testing. Initially, standard ASTM D412 specimens type C and A were cut from the wheel spokes, and then the specimens were subjected to deposition of a nanomaterial. The surfaces of the specimens were prepared in different ways to examine the influence on the material behavior including the stiffness and hysteresis. Microscopic imaging was performed to qualitatively compare the surfaces of the coated and uncoated specimens. Both coated and uncoated spoke specimens of each standard type were then subjected to low-rate cyclic tensile tests up to 500% strain. The results showed that the Parylene-C coating did not affect the maximum stress in the specimens, but did increase the residual strain. Type C specimens also had a
Collings, William, Li, Chengzhi, Schwarz, Jackson, Lakhtakia, Akhlesh, Bakis, Charles, El-Sayegh, Zeinab, El-Gindy, Moustafa
High-Performance and Stable Three-Way Catalyst Achieved Via Ultrasonic Treatment for Gasoline Vehicle Emission Control2025-01-848004/01/2025
Three-way catalysts (TWCs) containing significant amounts of precious metals are commonly employed to purify exhaust emissions (CO, NOx, and THC) from gasoline-powered vehicles. A critical factor contributing to TWC degradation is the sintering of these precious metals. Maintaining the appropriate particle size and distribution of the metals is essential for optimal catalyst performance. In this study, palladium (Pd) nanoparticles with a uniform size were synthesized using ethylene glycol as a reductant under ultrasonic conditions, yielding particles in the range of 3 nm to 5 nm. These Pd nanoparticles were subsequently used to prepare three-way catalysts on cordierite substrates supplied by Corning (China) Inc. Chemisorption analysis revealed that the Pd active component in the catalysts prepared via the ultrasonic method exhibited higher dispersion than the state-of-the-art commercial catalysts. The aged catalysts were obtained after 150 hours of aging following the General Motors
Hao, Shijie, Lv, Yanan, Wang, Weidong, Rao, Chao, Wei, Wei, Mao, Bingbin, Chen, Tao, Zhao, Huawang
Spray Characterization in a Constant Volume Chamber of Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles-Diesel Blends2025-01-845504/01/2025
Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles are considered a promising fuel additive to enhance combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and improve fuel economy. This study investigates the spray characteristics of diesel fuel blended with aluminum oxide nanoparticles in a constant volume chamber. The blends were prepared by dispersing Al₂O₃ nanoparticles in diesel at varying concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg of aluminum oxide nanoparticles into 1 L of pure diesel, respectively) using a magnetic stirrer and ultrasonication to ensure stable suspensions. Spray characterization was conducted in a high-pressure and high-temperature constant volume chamber, simulating actual engine conditions. The ambient temperatures for this experiment were set from 800 to 1200 K, and the oxygen concentrations were set from 21% to 13%. The study focused on key spray parameters such as spray penetration length, spray angle, and spray area, analyzed using high-speed imaging and laser diffraction techniques
Ji, Huangchang, Zhao, Zhiyu, Lee, Timothy
Physicists Measure a Key Aspect of Superconductivity in ‘Magic-Angle’ GrapheneTBMG-5287404/01/2025
Stir Casting Synthesis and Evaluation of SiC Nanoparticle-Reinforced AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Nanocomposites2025-01-501303/10/2025
In an attempt to improve its mechanical characteristics in the as-fasted conditions, the AZ31 Mg alloy was investigated herein from being reinforced with diverse SiC weight percentages (3, 6, and 9 wt.%). To develop lightweight AZ31-SiC composites, a simple and inexpensive technique, the stir casting process, was used. Microstructural analysis of the as-cast samples showed that the SiC particles were distributed rather uniformly, were firmly bonded to the matrix, and had very little porosity. The substantial improvement in tensile, compressive, and hardness characteristics was caused by fragmentation and spreading of the Mg17Al12 phase, while the addition of SiC had only a slight effect on the microstructure in the as-cast state. Surfaces of AZ31-SiC composites were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. A study identified the AZ31-SiC composite as a unique material for applications involving a high compressive strength, such as those found in the aviation and automobile
Thillikkani, S., Kumar, N. Mathan, Francis Luther King, M., Soundararajan, R., Kannan, S.
Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Overhanging AA 4043 Structures Fabricated by CMT Pulse Based WAAM for Automotive Applications2025-28-014002/07/2025
This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of overhanging structures using the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) pulse based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technique, specifically targeting automotive applications on commercial aluminum components. Focusing on optimal welding strategies for overhanging structures, components are fabricated by providing offsets during consecutive deposition of layers, thus producing parts with angles of 45°, 60° and 90° inclinations from the substrate. Three specimens undergo around twenty-five layers of deposition, resulting in structurally sound joints within this specified angle range. AA 4043 electrode is utilized, and welding parameters are optimized through trials by verifying with bead on plate deposition. Successful outcomes are achieved within the specified angle range, though challenges arise beyond 60°, complicating the maintenance of desired weld quality. The study further evaluates the microstructure, microhardness, and
A, Aravind, S, Jerome, A, Rahavendran
Effect of Single Vacancy Defect on Fundamental Frequency of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube2025-28-011102/07/2025
This paper studies the effect of single vacancy defect on the fundamental frequency of carbon nanotube using finite element method. Cantilevered and bridged boundary conditions have been used for carbon nanotube with and without attached mass. There is less effect on the frequency of cantilevered structure due to presence of defect at center rather than its presence at other positions. Presence of defect near to fixed end shows more effect on fundamental frequency of bridged structure as opposed to other positions. Cantilevered structure with mass attached shows increase in effect due to presence of defect when mass ranges from 10-3 to 10-6 femtogram, while it seems to remain constant with further decrease in mass. This paper is mainly concerned about the overall effect of single vacancy defect at the different positions and with different parameters of carbon nanotube with and without attached mass on the frequency and frequency shift. Nano materials are playing a vital role in all
Kharche, Gaurav, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu, B, Srivatsan, Balakrishna Sriganth, Pranav, Biswas, Sayan
Investigation on Heat Transfer Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets Blended Distilled Water-Ethylene Glycol Mixtures in Battery Thermal Management System2025-28-008902/07/2025
This study investigates the heat transfer properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) blended with distilled water-ethylene glycol (DW-EG) mixtures, focusing on their potential application in battery thermal management systems (BTMS). Compared to other nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures exhibit higher thermal conductivity due to their low density and integrated thermal conductivity. The experimental findings are relevant in that compared with the base fluid, nanofluid samples had heat transfer capability. The physicochemical characteristics of investigated GNP were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), pH and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. The thermal conductivity and physical properties of graphene platelets having the specific surface area of 500 m2/g in the base fluid of Distilled Water-Ethylene Glycol (DW-EG 70:30) and 100 % vol. of Ethylene Glycol (EG 100) were determined after 120 minutes of sonication time. The graphene nanofluids with the platelet
S, Palanisamy, Selvan, Arul Mozhi
Optimization of Vibrational Characteristics Using Taguchi Method for CNT Reinforced Composite Plates2025-28-017402/07/2025
The integration of carbon nanotubes (CNT) into composite materials has revolutionized various high-performance industries, including aerospace, marine, and defense, for their exceptional thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. The critical nature of these applications demands precise control over the manufacturing process to ensure the optimal performance of the CNT-reinforced composites. This study employs the Taguchi approach to systematically investigate and determine the optimal proportion of CNT volume fraction, fiber volume fraction, and stacking sequence in composite materials to achieve the optimal fundamental frequency. The Taguchi method, known for its efficiency in optimizing design parameters with a minimal number of experiments, enables the identification of the most influential factors and their optimal levels for enhancing material properties. Our findings demonstrate that the proper arrangement and proportioning of these components significantly improve the
B, Srivatsan, Balakrishna Sriganth, Pranav, Bhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu, Biswas, Sayan
Evaluation on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Wire Arc Additive Manufactured ER 2209 Duplex Stainless Steel for Automotive and Marine Applications2025-28-010802/07/2025
The advancement of wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) presents a significant opportunity to revolutionize the production of automotive components through the fabrication of complex, high-performance structures. This study specifically investigates the metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion properties of WAAM-fabricated ER 2209 duplex stainless steel structures, known for their superior mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, and favorable tribological behavior. The research aims to optimize WAAM process parameters to achieve high-quality deposition of ER 2209, ensuring structural integrity and performance suitable for both marine and various automotive applications. Microstructural analysis of the produced samples revealed the alloy’s dual-phase nature, with roughly equal amounts of ferrite and austenite phases uniformly mixed across the layers of deposition. This balanced microstructure contributes to the alloy’s excellent mechanical properties. Yield strength
A, Aravind, S, Jerome, Kumar, Ravi
Optimization of Machining Parameters Based on Desirability Function Analysis for Stir Casted Aluminium Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites2025-28-011902/07/2025
These days, aluminum and other material composites are indispensable for a wide range of engineering applications, including automotive-related ones. The machinability investigations of hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMC) made of Al 6061 are reported in this paper. Graphene nanoparticles (GNp) and boron carbide were used to reinforce Al6061 alloy for the experiment. Stir casting was used to create the hybrid composite under the right circumstances. Since HMMC is not easy to machine using conventional machining procedures, the advanced method of electrical discharge machining (EDM) was used. EDM machinability studies were carried out on stir-casted Al-B4C-GNP composite materials to examine the effects of wire EDM machining variables, including current, pulse on, and pulse off, on surface roughness and material removal rate. Taguchi based Desirability function Analysis was used to optimize the EDM process parameters for maximization of the material removal rate (MRR) and minimization
Kala, Lakshmi K, Madhuri, K, Reddy, Damodara, Tarigonda, Hariprasad, R L, Krupakaran, Tharehallimata, Gurubasavaraju, Naidu, B Vishnu Vardhana
Development of Composite PCM To Enhance Heat Transfer Rate with the Addition of Nanoparticles in Thermal Energy Storage2025-28-002302/07/2025
This paper explores the augmentation of thermal conductivity in paraffin wax through the incorporation of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, leading to the development of composite phase change materials (PCMs). The objective is to enhance heat transfer rates, crucial for various energy storage applications including industrial waste heat recovery and solar thermal energy storage. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) testing was employed to experimentally investigate the thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposite PCM. The experimental results reveal that the nanocomposite PCM, composed of 96.14% paraffin wax, 2% aluminum oxide, and 1.6% copper oxide, exhibits 1.35 times increase in heat transfer rate compared to conventional paraffin wax. The integration of nanoparticles into the PCM matrix, facilitated by a magnetic stirrer at 50oC for 4 hours, results in uniform distribution and improved grain morphology, as evidenced by SEM images. Moreover, the
Tarigonda, Hariprasad, Kumar, YB Kishore, Kala, Lakshmi K, R L, Krupakaran
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (Aniline –Co-Chloroaniline) Polymers and Applications in Automotive Industries as Paint Coatings2025-28-003702/07/2025
Polyaniline (PANI)-polymer based smart paints have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the durability and performance of automobile surface coatings. These paint coatings offer a superior corrosion resistance, conductivity, and environmental stability, making it an ideal. Here novel copolymers of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid(DBSA) aided poly (aniline-co-m-chloroaniline) nanocomposites of various compositions were prepared by oxidative method in micellar solution. These nanocomposites were analyzed by using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. The crystalline nature of the polymer was evidenced through XRD patterns. SEM revealed the presence of particles with spherical morphology 100 nm in diameter. The electrical activity of the doped polymer was found to be content increasing from 3:1 to 3:3 x 10-2 S/cm to 5.64 x 10-7 S/cm with chloroaniline. These copolymers are added as additives in manufacturing of paint. These novel paints offer multiple protective mechanisms
Pachanoor, Vijayanand, Moorthi, Bharathiraja
Enhancing Solar Still Productivity with Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticles and Phase Change Materials2025-28-002602/07/2025
The present study is focused on the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) and Al2O3 nanoparticles into solar stills presents a promising approach to enhance their efficiency. This paper explores the design and performance analysis of a solar still system incorporating PCMs and Al2O3 nanoparticles with different concentration like 200ppm and 400ppm. The primary goal is to investigate the impact of these enhancements on the solar still’s productivity and thermal efficiency.The Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticle were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. XRD and TEM were used to characterize the aluminum oxide particles. In this study, Aluminum oxide nanoparticles were employed as thermal conductivity materials, while TN+30 were utilized as a phase change material. After taking about 25 (liters) of water, it was discovered that 1 cm was the ideal depth. Compared to PCM, the energy materials TN+30 and Al2O3 increased collection efficiency with 200 ppm and 400 ppm of 21.65% and
R L, Krupakaran, Sagaya Raj, Gnana, Petla, Ratna Kamala, Kala, Lakshmi K, Anchupogu, Praveen
Preparation and Evaluation of Lubricating Properties of Neem Seed Oil under the Influence of an Anti-Wear Additive as Sustainable Alternative to Commercial Engine Oil2025-28-011602/07/2025
The search for environmentally friendly and sustainable lubricants for automotive and industrial applications has led to extensive research on bio lubricants as a viable alternative to conventional engine oils and mineral oils. The biodegradable and ecofriendly nature of vegetable oil, makes it an excellent replacement for the depleting mineral oils. Still, a good number of modifications must be brought in, to overcome the drawbacks of vegetable oils. In this work, the preparation and evaluation of lubricating properties like tribological, rheological, thermal etc. of Neem seed oil (NSO) with and without additives were carried out and effectively compared with the lubricating properties of synthetic oil, Polyalphaolefin 6 (PAO 6) and with a commercial engine oil, SAE20W40. The copper oxide nanoparticles were dispersed in neem seed oil as additive in various proportions (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 wt.%) to enhance the tribological properties. The tribological analysis were carried out to
Menon, Krishnaprasad S, R, Ambigai
Army Researchers Examine Nanotechnology for Climate SolutionsTBMG-5252002/01/2025
As part of the Nano4 EARTH initiative, a national challenge launched by the White House and the National Nanotechnology Initiative, researchers are exploring how innovations at the nanoscale can lead to groundbreaking solutions for a more sustainable future.
Levitating Objects with LightTBMG-5247202/01/2025
Researchers have designed a way to levitate and propel objects using only light by creating specific nanoscale patterning on the objects' surfaces. The work could be a step toward developing a spacecraft that could reach the nearest planet outside of our solar system in 20 years, powered and accelerated only by light.
Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Characterization of Magnesium Oxide Nanofluids for Improved Automobile Thermal Management2024-01-525401/28/2025
Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanofluids are of great interest for enhancing the performance in thermal management especially in automotive applications, where efforts have been made to reduce parasitic losses from traditional cooling systems. These findings highlight the effects of Water–ethylene glycol and MgO nanofluids on viscosity and thermal conductivity in specific filling a gap in research that allows to clarify how these states behave at different temperature (T) and concentration (C) conditions. Test results demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of MgO nanofluids improved adequately /while its corresponding change in viscosity remained under control, affirming a significant improvement for energy savings by means heat transfer enhancement using new generation coolants based on this nano-additive. The results also provide useful information for design and development of automotive cooling systems, including real numbers on performance improvements that lead to more efficient and
Jeyanthi, P.
Tribological Behavior and Mechanical Characteristics of AL6061 Alloy with AL2O3 and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforcement Nanoparticles (Hybrid Nano Carbon Tube)2024-01-524401/28/2025
The objective of this study is to optimize and characterize an Al6061/Al2O3/MWCNT nanocomposite produced through stir casting. The investigation focused on various concentrations of 2%, 3%, and 5% by weight of Al2O3/MWCNT nanoparticles, with an average Al2O3 particle size of 40 nm. The Al6061 matrix exhibited a uniform distribution of these nanoparticles. Microstructural analysis of the nanocomposite was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. The study examined the tribological properties, including wear and coefficient of friction, as well as the tensile strength and hardness of the Al6061/Al2O3/MWCNT nanocomposites. The results indicated a significant enhancement in mechanical properties, with the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increasing from 122 MPa to 157 MPa, and the yield tensile strength (YTS) rising from 52 MPa to 76 MPa. At a 5% concentration of Al2O3/MWCNT, the hardness test showed an increase from 28 BHN to 55 BHN. The improvement ratios for 2%, 3%, and 5
Haridass, R., Subramani, N., Viknesh, S., Mathan Kumar, M., Mownitharan, M. S.
A Comparative Study of Combustion and Performance in Diesel Engines Fueled by Mosambi Peel Biodiesel-Butylated Hydroxytoluene Nanoparticles Blend2024-01-525801/28/2025
This study’s objective is to examine the combustion and performance of mosambi waste peel biodiesel (MWPB) combined with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) nanoparticles as a substitute fuel for diesel engines. It also aims to assess the impact of this blend on engine combustion, such as in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate (HRR), ignition delay (ID), combustion duration (CD) and mass fraction burnt (MFB) and performance indicators, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), engine torque, exhaust gas temperature (EGT), indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), air-fuel ratio (A/F ratio) and volumetric efficiency, while also considering the feasibility of employing waste materials in fuel generation. The experimental configuration utilized a research diesel engine functioning under standard conditions, emphasizing the maintenance of uniform injection pressure to ensure optimal fuel atomization and combustion. The test fuels are diesel, MWPB, MWPB
Jayabal, Ravikumar, Madhu, S., Devarajan, Yuvarajan, Domian, Christopher Selvam
Optimizing Mechanical and Transport Properties of Carboxylated Nitrile Rubber Composites2024-01-526301/28/2025
The article describes a two-step technique that involves making a masterbatch that is 3:1 [by weight] carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and nanoclay (NC), compounding on a two-roll mill, and moulding at 150°C and 20 MPa pressure. Tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EB), and modulus (M100, M200 and M300) all rises with the amount of nanofiller present, peaked at 5 phr, then fell off. The NC demonstrated a tendency to aggregate at greater concentrations. The amount of reinforcement provided by the NC filler can be determined by comparing the modulus of filled compounds (M100f) to that of unfilled XNBR (M100u). This ratio rises with the amount of NC present, peaked at 5-7.5 phr, and subsequently fell. Using sorption isotherms, the swelling behaviour of the solvent through the nanocomposites was studied. With increasing NC concentration, the solvent absorption fell, reaching a minimum at 5 phr NC. When toluene sorption for diffusion via XNBR-NC composites was measured, the amount
Vishvanathperumal, S., Manimaran, K., Murali, M., Meera, C., Gopika, P., Arun, M.
Nanofiber Patch for PsoriasisTBMG-5228601/01/2025
Researchers have developed a patch for easier and more effective treatment of psoriasis. The method may also be used in treatment of other inflammatory skin diseases. The dry patch contains active ingredients for treatment of psoriasis reduces the frequency of use to once a day.
A New Method Makes High-Resolution Imaging More AccessibleTBMG-5230801/01/2025
A classical way to image nanoscale structures in cells is with high-powered, expensive super-resolution microscopes. As an alternative, MIT researchers have developed a way to expand tissue before imaging it — a technique that allows them to achieve nanoscale resolution with a conventional light microscope.
Characterization of Silicon Dioxide Nanofluids: Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Analysis for Hybrid Vehicle Applications2024-01-521512/10/2024
The research introduces the thermal properties of silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanofluids and the promising application of these fluids in hybrid vehicle cooling systems. How to make fluids is simply to disperse a 50-50 mixture of both Ethylene Glycol and Water; into this solution add SiO2 nanoparticles concentration ranges from 0.1% up to 0.5% volume according desired properties or material characteristics etc. When viscosities and thermal conductivities of nanofluid were measured over the temperature range from 25 to 120 °C using Brookfield viscometer and transient hot-wire method; results were as follows: Viscosity of SiO2 nanofluids at 120°C higher concentrations 0.5%, more viscous fluids, thermal conductivity also rose with results, although there was a plateau at around 40% increase compared to that of water-based slurries. At 0.5% concentration, thermal conductivity increased by up to 20% at 120 °C, compared with the value of pure ethylene glycol. These results suggest that SiO2
Sundaram, V., Madhu, S., Vidhyalakshmi, S., Saravanan, A., Manikandan, S.
Characterization of Graphene and Titanium Carbide Reinforced Magnesium Alloy Composite for Transmission Housings in Automobile2024-01-523112/10/2024
This study presents the mechanical characterization studies on 3 wt.% graphene (Gr) filled magnesium matrix composite reinforced with different weight fractions (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wt.%) of titanium carbide (TiC) particles. The matrix is AZ91 alloy, and the nano magnesium composite (NMC) is fabricated via a squeeze casting approach. The lightweight NMC is a potential solution for the automobile industry, as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to environmental sustainability. Gr is added to enhance the composite's thermal endurance and mechanical strength. Mechanical and corrosion studies are performed as per the ASTM standards. The inclusion of Gr and 16 wt.% TiC tends to enhance the mechanical durability and corrosion resilience of the NMC when compared with other fabricated composites and cast alloys. The uniform dispersal of NC and TiC and better mould properties lead to better strength. Higher inclusion of TiC (20 wt.%) leads to brittleness, thereby decreasing the
Senthilkumar, N.
Magnesium Alloy Hybrid Composite Properties are Featured with Boron Carbide Particle for Automotive Seat Frame Usage2024-01-520712/10/2024
With the advancement of lightweight magnesium-based hybrid composites, are potential for weight management applications. The liquid state stir cast process is the best way to produce complex shapes and most industries are preferred. However, the melting of magnesium alloy and achieving homogenous particle distribution are the major challenges for the conventional stir-casting process, and hot crack formation is spotted due to thermal variations. The main objectives of the present research are to enhance the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of magnesium alloy hybrid nanocomposite (AZ91E) adopted with boron carbide (B4C) and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles through a semisolid stir cast technique associated with inert atmosphere helps to limits the oxide formation and reduce risk of magnesium fire. The effect of composite processing and multiple reinforcements on surface morphology, tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness were thoroughly evaluated and compared. The results
Manivannan, S., Venkatesh, R., Kaliyaperumal, Gopal, Karthikeyan, S., Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad, Karthikeyan, N.
Characteristics of Magnesium Composite Reinforced with Silicon Carbide and Boron Nitride via Liquid Stir Processing2024-01-523712/10/2024
The present aim of the investigation is to prepare and evaluate the excellence of boron nitride (BN) and silicon carbide nanoparticles on characteristics of magnesium alloy (AZ91D) hybrid nanocomposite. This constitution of AZ91D alloy hybrid nanocomposite is made through the liquid state processing route, which helps to improve the spread of particles in the AZ91D matrix. The impact of BN and SiC on microstructural and mechanical properties like tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength of AZ91D alloy composites are studied, and its investigational results are compared. Besides, microstructural studies have revealed that the structure of composite is found to have better BN and SiC particle dispersion and uniformity. The 5 percentage in weight (wt%) of BN and 5 wt% of SiC facilitated better tensile strength (183 MPa), hardness (85HV), and impact strength (21.4J/mm2) behaviour, which are 26, 30, and 35% better than the monolithic AZ91D alloy. This AZ91D/5wt% BN and 5wt% SiC
Venkatesh, R., Kaliyaperumal, Gopal, Manivannan, S., Karthikeyan, S., Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad, Karthikeyan, N.
Cracking Activity and Characterization of Magnesium Titanium Dioxide - Silicon Dioxide Catalysts2024-01-524112/10/2024
Purified nickel and a large number of MgTi2 / NiO2 catalysts with various MgTi2 loadings were produced using the traditional incipient wetness method. X-ray crystallography and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the catalysts. To understand the material's microstructure better, the researchers investigated oxygen adsorption at 90K. The amine titration method was used to investigate the acidic characteristics of these catalysts. In a study on cumene cracking, these catalysts were employed. The catalyst was found to be amorphous up to a loading of 12 weight percent MgTi2, but at higher loadings, crystalline MgTi2 phase formed on an amorphous silica substrate. When NiO2 is doped with more MgTi2, there are significant differences in the structure, surface acidity, and catalytic activity of the catalysts. Catalysts with a higher MgTi2 loading are noticeably more acidic than those with a lower MgTi2 loading. A correlation between the amount of cracking activity and
Ashok Kumar, B., Dhiyaneswaran, J., Selvaraj, Malathi, Pradeepkumar, M., Shajeeth, S.
Enhancing Engine Cooling Efficiency: Evaluating Zinc & Magnesium Oxide Nanofluid Viscosity2024-01-521412/10/2024
In this study, the viscosity and thermal performance of nanofluids based on ZnO-MgO mixed oxide nanoparticles added in different concentrations to ethylene glycol-water mixture are characterized with potential applications in engine cooling. The work began with two needs: the increasing importance of better heat removal in automotive engines, where traditional coolants struggle to adequately maintain good thermal conductivity but at low viscosity to acceptable levels; and a chance opportunity for exploration provided by MMD/MILab Engineer Andrew Cricee. The work wants to improve the cooling properties, but still keeping good fluidity by integrating ZnO-MgO nanoparticles. Preparation method the preparation of ZnO-MgO nanofluids was done using volume concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%. To determine chemical properties, viscosity measurements were made on the Dragonfly using a Brookfield viscometer at temperatures ranging from 25 ° C to 80 ° C while varying the nanoparticle
Manikandan, S., Vickram, A. S., Madhu, S., Saravanan, A.
Thermal Conductivity Optimization of Nanodiamond Nanofluids for High-Performance Automotive Engines2024-01-521212/10/2024
In this study, we investigate the thermal conductivity optimization of nanodiamond nanofluids for application in high-performance automotive engines. Nanodiamond particles, known for their superior thermal properties and stability, are dispersed in a base fluid composed of ethylene glycol and water. Various concentrations of nanodiamonds are prepared to evaluate their impact on thermal conductivity and viscosity. The experimental setup includes precise measurements of thermal conductivity using the transient hot-wire method and viscosity using a rotational viscometer over a temperature range of 25°C to 100°C. The results demonstrate significant enhancements in thermal conductivity with acceptable increases in viscosity, suggesting the potential of nanodiamond nanofluids in improving engine cooling efficiency. The study concludes with recommendations for future research to explore the long-term stability and performance of these nanofluids in real-world automotive applications.
Jeyanthi, P., Gulothungan, G.
Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Aluminum Oxide Nanofluids for Efficient Heat Dissipation in Car Radiators2024-01-520412/10/2024
This study points to potentiality of studying Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid on viscosity (μ) and thermal conductivity (K) for automotive cooling system. The Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed in 50:50 ethylene glycol-water with5 varying concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 vol%. The viscosity at 25°C, 40°C, 60°C and 80°C was measured by using a Brookfield viscometer; and thermal conductivity was measured by the transient hot wire method. The results indicate that the viscosity increases with the concentration of nanoparticles but decreases with the temperature. Due to comparative importance of thermal conductivity with increasing temperatures and nanoparticle concentrations. In nanofluid Al2O3 can enhance heat transfer automotive cooling system can be good performance and efficient as well as engine, in 0.5% concentration, thermal conductivity at 25°C and increase 27% at 60°C, paranormal found for development and Al2O3 nanofluids apply can be effective improvement at heat
Vickram, A.S., Manikandan, S., Madhu, S., Saravanan, A.
Performance Evaluation of Nano Silicon Carbide Configured Aluminium Alloy with Titanium Nanocomposite via Semisolid Stir Cast2024-01-523512/10/2024
High-strength, lightweight aluminium-based composites show great potential for future weight-reduction applications. The aluminium alloy (AA5052) is commonly used in various engineering applications and serves as the primary matrix material for this study. The objective of this research is to produce and improve the properties of the AA5052 alloy composite by integrating titanium (Ti) and nano silicon carbide (SiC) particles using an advanced vacuum stir casting process. Additionally, an inert atmosphere is used to minimize voids, porosity, and oxidation. The final developed composites include AA5052, AA5052/3wt% Ti, AA5052/5wt% SiC, and AA5052/3wt% Ti/5wt% SiC, which were subjected to metallographic, tensile, elongation, and hardness studies. The mechanical evaluation is carried out following ASTM E8 and E384 standards. Microstructural analysis revealed uniform dispersion of Ti &SiC particles with no significant casting defects. The composite with AA5052/3wt% Ti/5wt% SiC exhibited the
Venkatesh, R., Kaliyaperumal, Gopal, Manivannan, S., Karthikeyan, S., Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad, Karthikeyan, N.
Study of Functional Behaviour of Cast Magnesium Alloy with Zirconium Addition2024-01-520612/10/2024
Magnesium is the lightest material than aluminium and has a better specific strength, which is utilized for weight management applications. This research developed the magnesium (Mg) matrix with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 percentages in weight (wt%) of zirconium (Zr) particles (grain refinement agent) via the squeeze cast technique. The argon inert gas is limit oxidation during the melting of Mg. The influence of Zr on the functional properties of Mg is studied and related to monolithic Mg without the Zr phase. The microstructural analysis provides the Zr particles are dispersed uniformly in the Mg matrix and exposed to superior mechanical properties. The Mg processed with 0.5 wt% of Zr offered maximum hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation percentage, which are 53, 48.8, and 43.5 % better than the values of monolithic Mg. Besides, the optimum Mg refining with 0.5 wt% Zr microstructure is detailed with EDS and conforms to the contribution of Zr. This is used for automotive
Venkatesh, R., Manivannan, S., Das, A. Daniel, Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad
Effect of Silicon Carbide Addition and Jute Fiber Surface Treatment on Functional Qualities of Low-Density Polyethylene Composites2024-01-523812/10/2024
In the modern era, advanced hybrid polymer-based composites have the potential to replace conventional polymers and exhibit unique behaviour. This study focuses on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) hybrid composite made with jute fiber and enhanced with nano silicon carbide particles through the injection moulding process. The natural jute fiber undergoes chemical surface treatment to improve its adhesive behaviour. The study evaluates the effects of 10wt% chemically treated jute fiber and 1, 3, and 5wt% of SiC on the structural, impact, tensile, and flexural strength of the synthesized composites according to ASTM D7565, D3039, and D790 standards. The structural behaviour of LDPE composites is assessed through X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing improved crystalline structure and interaction. Among the five prepared composite samples, the composite containing 10wt% treated jute fiber and 5wt% SiC demonstrated enhanced impact, tensile, and flexural strength of 5.7 J/mm2, 43 MPa, and 56
Venkatesh, R., Kaliyaperumal, Gopal, Manivannan, S., Karthikeyan, S., Aravindan, N., Mohanavel, Vinayagam, Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi Mohammad, Karthikeyan, N.
Effect of Nano Silica on the Mechanical Behaviour of High Impact Polypropylene/Nano Clay Composites2024-01-521112/10/2024
This study investigated the effect of nano silica on the mechanical behaviour of blends containing high impact polypropylene (hiPP) and nano clay. This study used nano silica from rice husk ash with an average particle size of 26 nm. The hiPP composites were mixed with 3 wt. % nano clay and different weight percentages (1%, 2%, and 3%) of nano silica were also added. The blending process used twin-screw extrusion, and composite samples were subsequently produced by injection moulding. Various parameters including tensile, compressive, and impact strengths were analyzed. In particular, the hiPP composite containing 3 wt. % nano clay and 2 wt. % nano silica had significantly improved mechanical properties, showing a 37.5% increase in tensile strength, a 56.8% increase in flexural strength, and a 51.4% increase in impact strength. It exhibited the highest tensile (53.51 MPa), flexural (67.19 MPa), and impact strength (5.17 KJ/m2) among all tested composites, demonstrating superior
Thangavel, Anand, Ragupathy, K., Manivannan, S., Murali, M.
Comparative Analysis of Zinc Oxide and Copper Hybrid Nanofluids on Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity in Automotive Applications2024-01-521312/10/2024
Nanofluids have emerged as effective alternatives to traditional coolants for enhancing thermal performance in automotive applications. This study conducts a comparative analysis of the viscosity and thermal conductivity of ZnO and Cu hybrid nanofluids. Nanofluids were prepared with ZnO and Cu nanoparticle concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% by volume and were characterized over temperatures ranging from 25°C to 100°C. The results demonstrate that ZnO and Cu hybrid nanofluids achieve an increase in thermal conductivity by up to 22% and 28%, respectively, compared to the base fluid. Concurrently, the viscosity of these nanofluids increases by up to 12% at the highest concentration and temperature. This study addresses a critical research gap by investigating the combined effects of ZnO and Cu nanoparticles in hybrid nanofluids, an area that has been underexplored. By providing new insights into optimizing both thermal conductivity and viscosity, this research contributes to the
Sivasubramanian, M., Sundaram, V., Madhu, S., Saravanan, A., Vidhyalakshmi, S.
Investigation on Mechanical and Metallurgical Characterization of Micro-Alloyed Steel Produced by Friction Stir Welding (FSW)2024-01-520312/10/2024
This research investigates the impact of friction stir welding (FSW) used to join micro-alloyed steel, on the material and its mechanical characteristics. FSW increases the metallurgical and mechanical qualities of joints made from micro-alloyed steel. However, Friction Stir Welding has produced only modest improvements in connecting steels. Automobile chassis, offshore platforms, oil and gas pipelines, mining, shipbuilding and railroad carriages, pressure vessels, bridges, and storage tanks are just some of the many places and find micro-alloyed steels employed. Frictional heat and tool movement over the joint cause micro defects occurred. Tungsten carbide tools are used in this investigation. Welding shares the same process characteristics, such as the tool's rotating speed (900 rpm) and axial force (10 kN). The table's traverse speed options are available, including 50 mm/min, 60 mm/min, and 70 mm/min. Vickers microhardness testing machines and tensile testing machines are used to
Rajan, C. Sakthi, Kumar, N. Mathan, Kumar, K. Vetrivel, Kannan, S., Soundararajan, S.
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