Browse Topic: Leather
At UC Berkeley, researchers in Sergey Levine’s Robotic AI and Learning Lab eyed a table where a tower of 39 Jenga blocks stood perfectly stacked. Then a white-and-black robot, its single limb doubled over like a hunched-over giraffe, zoomed toward the tower, brandishing a black leather whip. Through what might have seemed to a casual viewer like a miracle of physics, the whip struck in precisely the right spot to send a single block flying out from the stack while the rest of the tower remained structurally sound.
While there is a tendency for new vehicles to have a focus on ride, handling, performance and other dynamic elements, the model year 2024 Lincoln Nautilus team added another element to how the driver will experience the midsize SUV. Not that the ride, handling, etc. were ignored, but the global design and engineering team wanted to do something different with this two-row SUV. Recognize that this is a vehicle with a sumptuous interior that includes not only first-class seating (24-way adjustable front seats) and materials (Alpine Venetian leather available on the seats; cashmere for the headliner) but also an available high-end Revel Ultima 3D audio system with 28 speakers. What's more, there's “Lincoln Digital Scent,” small electronically activated pods containing various aromas (e.g., Mystic Forest, Ozonic Azure, Violet Cashmere). Across the top of the instrument panel there is a 48-inch backlit LCD screen and a 11.1-inch touchscreen in the center stack.
These methods of test are applicable for determining the resistance to snagging and abrasion of automotive bodycloth, vinyl, and leather.
Aryballe Technology's unique sensors-on-a-chip solution aims to end the subjectivity of the human nose while neutralizing vehicle cabin odors. Whether they're riding in an autonomous shuttle, a transit bus, a train or a rental car, passengers often face cabin air full of “mal odors” - bad smells - including cigarette and vape smoke, pungent food, blatant lack of personal hygiene and worse. Where the off-gassing of plastics and leather in new vehicles had been a minor issue in the past, the olfactory (science of smells) experience is increasingly a key differentiator in rider satisfaction as new mobility solutions emerge. Ensuring a neutral-smelling passenger space is a growing focus of fleet owners and managers, particularly as autonomy becomes established in the commercial-transportation sector. Looking to a future of driverless shuttles, OEMs in the field (i.e., Cruise Automation, Waymo, Navya, Transdev, EasyMile and a host of players in China) are investigating olfaction-based sensing and notification technologies for integration into their AVs.
This test can be used to determine the resistance to crocking (color rub-off) of organic trim materials such as fabrics, vinyl coated fabrics, leather, coated fiberboard and carpet. This method is similar to AATCC Method 8 –Colorfastness to Crocking.
This test can be used to determine the resistance to scuffing of test specimens such as fiberboards, fabrics, vinyl-coated fabrics, leathers, and similar trim materials.
The design trend for interior parts of cars in light colors in shades of beige and grey is a global reality and has increased the demand in new models replacing traditional black color. One of the most important features for the appearance is to keep the color and stay clean the surface of the car interior parts. This development aims to improve the resistance to dirt and staining on artificial leather applied in seat cover with light colors. Comparative dirt and staining trials were conducted with soil, coffee and indigo jeans through abrasion testing by Crocking, followed by clean fabric removal. The performance evaluation was done by through microscopy assays, spectrophotometry to analyze color variation after dirt test in the original samples and dirt test in the same samples exposed to XENON and heat for aging. Finally, this development brings solutions that improves consumer satisfaction. The improved life cycle performance of the car seat surfaces kept clean is the core of this study. This improvement to protect surfaces and prevent it from staining on the artificial leather does not influence the mechanical properties of the product throughout service life and results in a better soft touch of materials.
This procedure describes a method of measuring the resistance to wet color transfer of materials such as textiles, leather, and composites.
These methods of test are applicable for determining the resistance to snagging and abrasion of automotive bodycloth, vinyl, and leather.
Costumers today are discerning, savvy, style conscious and extremely well aware of latest design trends and quite naturally, are lot more demanding than any generation before then. The growth in the application of plastic replacing natural leather, fabrics, metallic and ceramic materials, in order to increase productivity and decrease production costs, has been demanding process development to improve quality and not only mirror the appearance of the original materials, with their texture and colors but also presenting new opportunities and alternatives. The Challenge in automotive interior Design for emerging markets are the choice of materials finish, execution and harmony to guarantee customer satisfaction considering that costumers are spending more time on interior vehicles than ever.
The performance of the car, as well as the emotional quality is an important factor as the product and the importance of automotive interior materials is getting increasing. With expandable microspheres at a constant temperature, leather -feeling surface can be implemented and it could express not 2-dimensional feeling but 3-dimensional feeling (bushed or suede-like feeling). For the automotive parts, leather-feeling coatings similar to feeling of leather could was developed and could correspond to emotional quality of consumer.
Thermophysical properties of materials used in the design of automotive interiors are needed for computer simulation of climate conditions inside the vehicle. These properties are required for assessment of the vehicle occupants' thermal sensation as they come in contact with the vehicle interior components, such as steering wheels, arm rests, instruments panel and seats. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the thermophysical properties of materials which are required for solving the non-linear Fourier equations with any boundary conditions and taking into account materials' specific heat, volume density, thermal conductivity, and thermal optical properties (spectral and total emissivity and absorptivity). The model and results of the computer simulation will be published in a separate paper. The tested materials included foam, leather/foam laminated materials, and a few plastic laminated materials, which were used in the construction of various automotive interior parts. One original aspect of this work was the testing of plastic foam samples both at a wide temperature range from −20°C to +60°C and at varying compression levels up to 60%. Such data is needed for calculation of heat conduction within occupied automotive seats which are undergoing different static and dynamic loads. Thermal conductivity was determined as the product of thermal diffusivity and volume specific heat. The thermal diffusivity was measured in accordance to ASTM STP 1320, and the specific heat was measured according to ASTM E1269, both in the temperature range from −20°C to +60°C. The emissivity and absorptivity were measured according to ASTM E408 and ASTM E903, respectively at room temperature. The new experimental data obtained has scientific and practical interests for thermal science and engineering applications. The thermal conductivity results of the foam materials in the wide range of temperatures and compression/deformation are of interest for the development of heat transfer mechanisms in porous media, for materials science and technology. All data together enable the development of advanced mathematical models for the design, assessment and optimization of climate conditions inside cars and other vehicles.
Seat upholstery plays an important role in defining overall interior quality and aesthetics of automobiles. Over a period of time, different weather conditions and varied usage pattern affects the performance of seat upholstery material and deteriorates the interior aesthetics. With this, the major challenge for an OEM is to devise upholstery which can retain the performance over the life of the vehicle with a balance of cost and weight. In automotive applications, different materials are used for seating upholstery e.g. PVC, woven fabric, knit fabric, spacer fabric, leather. This paper will focus mainly on analyzing the ageing effect on automotive fabrics having woven construction. This paper analyses and evolves the correlation of the different woven fabrics used in automotive seat upholstery and effect of ageing due to usage condition (durability) and climatic conditions.
This test can be used to determine the resistance to crocking (color rub-off) of organic trim materials such as fabrics, vinyl coated fabrics, leather, coated fiberboard and carpet. This method is similar to AATCC Method 8 –Colorfastness to Crocking.
This test can be used to determine the resistance to scuffing of test specimens such as fiberboards, fabrics, vinyl-coated fabrics, leathers, and similar trim materials.
Customers desire to keep the interior of their vehicles as clean as possible. A field survey was made of the types of dirt and stains found on interior trim parts as the starting point for the development of products that meet this need. The survey findings showed that soiled stains resulting from long periods of use are commonly found on seat surfaces and cloth seats also have beverage stains. Dirt stains are typically seen on plastic trim parts. An analysis of the components of soiled stains revealed the presence of higher fatty acids that tend to adhere to the urethane coating on the surface of genuine leather seat covers and to the polyester fibers of cloth seat covers. A coating technology was then developed for bringing dirt to the surface so that it can be easily removed by wiping with a wet cloth. This new coating provides the contradictory performance attributes of allowing easy removal of soiled stains by wiping with a wet cloth while simultaneously making it difficult for beverage stains to penetrate the seat fabric. A close observation of dirt stains on plastic trim parts showed that dirt penetrated into the recesses of the convex-concave grain shapes of the trim material surface. By focusing on the grain shapes, a wiping cloth was developed for effectively scooping out such dirt.
These methods of test are applicable for determining the resistance to snagging and abrasion of automotive bodycloth, vinyl and leather.
While plenty of engineering effort is being made to change materials on the outside, there is as much going on with aircraft interiors to cut weight. Less weight, fewer CO2 emissions, more efficiency. If asked for the key challenges that currently face aerospace manufacturers, that trio would arguably be the most commonly mentioned. There is no escaping the demands to cut overall CO2 levels from airplane fleets, and benefits can be derived through the use of advanced materials and manufacturing techniques. The resulting lighter overall structures continue to be the Holy Grail for almost every industry, but aerospace is one area where some of the biggest improvements can be made.
We herewith would like to consider the reasons which led to research and development of automotive leather which could be not only chrome-free but also Metal-free 1 and aldehyde-free. Thus our target has been to prepare a product able to match product features and performance requirements in line with chrome-tanned leathers. All limits have been overcome so far regarding alternative types of tannage such as wet white and there is complete compliance with continual evolution of rules, regulations and laws referring to environmental and health issues. A description of the new stages of leather processing, together with the most defining features of the new product and its process for accomplishment will follow highlighting the most significant differences with traditional processes outside automotive, too (chrome, wet white, vegetable leather). Different processes are then analyzed and compared highlighting consumption (of water and chemical products), processing times and polluting footprint in waste waters and sludge. All products are analyzed and compared in terms of physical, chemical and mechanical performance, but also biodegradability and waste disposal. Tests conducted on Metal Free automotive in LCA (Life cycle Assessment) terms show that it exhibits physical, mechanical and product features in line with chrome leathers (including light and heat-fastness which are superior to wet white leather). It also shows a complete lack of metals in all intermediary stages and features which enable it to be used as agricultural fertilizer. Fewer water and chemical product demands during processing stages, together with better biodegradability properties compared to chrome and wet white tanned leathers also clearly emerge.
The various seat problems are happening in the field. Customers are getting more sensitive to the quality of a vehicle than ever these days. The long-term accumulated staining of iInterior trim contamination, as a result, is one of the most important factors in regarding that of the vehicle and newly reflected in IQS in 2007 and VDS in 2008 respectively. In particular, seat staining contamination has been mainly responsible for the decrease of vehicular marketability and used-car price. Therefore seat must be improved not to be stained contaminated easily. The stain accumulation contamination mechanism of both natural genuine and artificial leather seats is different from that of fabric cloth seat and we hereby verified them systematically. We developed the test method regarding the actual-conditioned wears (abrasions), soil contamination resources and environment circumstances and that it'll be of service to the vehicle development test. Moreover, 153 fabric samples genuine cloths, which are used for HKMC fabric cloth seat, are classified under six clusters, and 29 representative samples are chosen. With these results analyzed, design guide was finally completed and that it leads us to the conclusion that which fabric cloth is the strongest to the staining contamination from the design concept stage.
This procedure describes a method of measuring the resistance to wet color transfer of materials such as textiles, leather and composites.
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