Browse Topic: Composite materials

Items (4,051)
Off-highway vehicles (OHVs) frequently operate in extreme environments—ranging from arid deserts and frozen tundras to dense forests and abrasive mining zones—where structural wear, impact damage, and environmental stress compromise their material integrity. Frequent repairs and component replacements increase operational costs, downtime, and environmental waste, making durability and sustainability key concerns for next-generation vehicle systems. This paper explores a novel class of self-healing biodegradable composites, inspired by biological systems, to address these challenges. The proposed materials combine bio-based resins, microencapsulated healing agents, and shape-memory polymers (SMPs) to autonomously repair microcracks and surface-level damage when triggered by thermal, UV, or mechanical stimuli. The design draws inspiration from natural self-healing systems such as tree bark and reptile skin, replicating their regenerative behavior to enhance structural resilience in OHVs
Vashisht, Shruti
Yamaha Motor Engineering Co., Ltd. provides plastic processing technology based on fuel tank press forming technology, and is developing various plastic processing methods, including forging, and developing mold equipment to realize them. This time, the core parts of the YECVT unit mounted on Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.'s small premium scooter "NMAX" were not made by welding individual parts to each other, but by integrally forming them from a single thick plate using the cold forming method, resulting in lightweight, compact, high-strength, high-precision parts. By incorporating a composite plastic processing method that takes advantage of the characteristics of the material while making full use of analysis technology and mold technology, we were able to develop a composite plastic processing method (plate forging method) that creates new added value and mass produce it. In addition,this development has made it possible to achieve a thickness increase of 1.7 times the standard material
Hongo, HironariTamaru, ShogoUda, Shinnosuke
The growing demand for lightweight, durable, and high-performance materials in industries such as aerospace, automotive, and energy has driven the development and evaluation of thermoset and thermoplastic composites. Within this framework the static and fatigue mechanical behavior of one thermoset material and two thermoplastic composites are investigated in the (-30° +120°C) temperature range, to simulate extreme environmental conditions. The results from the tensile tests show the different mechanical behavior of the investigated materials, while the cyclic test results highlight the significant impact of temperature on structural properties, offering useful insights for their application in temperature-sensitive environments. This research is partially funded by the Italian Ministry of Enterprises and Made in Italy (MIMIT) within the project ”New Generation of Modular Intelligent Oleo-dynamic Pumps with Axial Flux Electric Motors,” submitted under the ”Accordi per l’Innovazione
Chiocca, AndreaSgamma, MicheleFranceschini, AlessandroVestri, Alessiomancini, SimoneBucchi, FrancescoFrendo, FrancescoSquarcini, Raffaele
Type IV composite pressure (CP) vessels composed of a plastic liner and composite layers require special design attention to the dome region. The cylindrical portion of the composite cylinder is wrapped with composite layers consisting of the 900 hoop layers and low-angle helical layers, whereas the dome surface carries helical layers only. The winding angle of the helical layers being a constant over the cylindrical portion starts to vary from the cylinder-dome junction toward the boss at the top continuously. Along with the winding angle, the composite thickness also varies continuously resulting in a maximum thickness at the top crown region. The complete analysis and layer-wise stress prediction of Type IV composite cylinders for service pressures up to 70 MPa was analyzed by the Classical Lamination theory (CLT)-based MATLAB program. The MATLAB program developed in this work for the dome initially performs the dome profile generation through the numerical integration of the dome
R. S., NakandhrakumarTandi, RonakM, RamakrishnanRaja, SelvakumarElumalai, SangeethkumarVelmurugan, Ramanathan
FibreCoat, the German materials startup, has developed a groundbreaking fiber reinforced composite that is capable of making aircraft, tanks and spacecraft invisible to radar surveillance. The company was officially founded in Aachen, Germany, in 2020, however its core founding team first began developing new approaches to the use of materials that make commercial and military vehicles invisible to radar as back as 2014. FibreCoat is known for inventing a novel technology to coat metals and plastics onto fibers, thus combining the properties of the fibers and the coating material, during the fiber-spinning process.
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed an innovative new technique using carbon nanofibers to enhance binding in carbon fiber and other fiber-reinforced polymer composites — an advance likely to improve structural materials for automobiles, airplanes and other applications that require lightweight and strong materials.
The aim of this work is to present the overviewing results of the low friction coating technology for modern automotive application with the themes, e.g. electric vehicle (EV), R&D trends and bioethanol fuel application. According to Forbes, China, armed with EV, could have several companies among the top 10 global brands by sales in 2030. EV’s friction is more severe than traditional powertrain friction. For the protection of EV’s wear and friction, the coatings, diamond like carbon (DLC) and CrCuN, are compared in the literature. Global coating companies developed with the keywords: hybrid process, low-temperature coating process for polymer material. Last coating conferences showed R&D trends: coating for polymer materials, tetrahedral amorphous carbon (taC) coating, low-temperature coating process and multi-elements containing coatings. In Korea, research institutions, universities and Hyundai Motor Group have a long-term project for the development of ultralow friction coatings of
Cha, Sung ChulMoon, Kyoung IlKim, JongkukPark, Chang HoKim, Dong Sik
Innovators at the NASA Glenn Research Center have developed a toughened hybrid reinforcement material made from carbon fiber and carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn for use in polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The new material improves toughness and damping properties of PMCs, enhancing impact resistance, fatigue life, as well as structural longevity.
In this work, the microstructure and mechanical behavior of AL7079 metal matrix composites (MMCs) mixed with zirconia and quarry dusts are analyzed. The high-strength Al7079 can be further improved by the addition of zirconia particulates and quarry dust particles, a cost-effective reinforcement. Composite samples with different weight fractions of zirconia (2%, 4%, and 6%) and quarry dust (2%) were produced via a stir-casting technique. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was engaged to examine the microstructure of the composites, which showed that the reinforcements were well integrated and bonded perfectly to the matrix material. A simple mechanical test of hardness, tensile, and impact strength revealed enrichment in hardness and tensile strength in comparison to the Al7079 alone, whereas the impact strength decreased. Composite containing 6% zirconia and 2% quarry dust improved both the hardness (95 BHN) and tensile strength (186 MPa) by 7%, outperforming the remaining composition
Madan Kumar, K.N.Sathyanarayana, G.M.Kuldeep, B.Manu, S.S.Manjunath Yadav, S.Anand, H.R.
Composite materials are increasingly utilized in industries such as automotive and aerospace due to their lightweight nature and high strength-to-weight ratio. Understanding how strain rate affects the mechanical and crashworthiness properties of CFRP composites is essential for accurate impact simulations and improved safety performance. This study examines the strain rate sensitivity of CFRP composites through mechanical testing and finite element analysis (FEA). Experimental results confirm that compressive strength increases by 100%–200% under dynamic loading, while stiffness decreases by up to 22% at a strain rate of 50 s−1, consistent with trends observed in previous studies. A sled test simulation using LS-Dyna demonstrated that the CFRP crash box sustained an average strain rate of 46.5 s−1, aligning with realistic impact conditions. Incorporating strain rate–dependent material properties into the FEA model significantly improved correlation with experimental crashworthiness
Badri, HesamJayasree, Nithin AmirthLoukodimou, VasilikiOmairey, SadikBradbury, AidanLidgett, MarkPage, ChrisKazilas, Mihalis
A newly formulated fiber-based material was developed to offer a sustainable alternative to foam-based vehicle acoustic products. The fiber-based material was designed to be used in multiple vehicle acoustic applications, with different blends of the material available depending on the application. It performs well as an engine bay sound absorber due to its high heat tolerance and good absorption performance. A study was conducted to evaluate the sound absorption performance of this fiber-based material, specifically the engine bay blends, in comparison to that of current foam-based products. The results from this study show that the sound absorption performance of this new fiber-based material can match that of current foam-based materials while providing a sustainable and fully recyclable product, unlike the foam.
Krugh, Jack
Climate-neutral aviation requires resource-efficient composite manufacturing technologies and solutions for the reuse of carbon fibers (CF). In this context, thermoplastic composites (TPC) can make a strong contribution. Thermoforming of TPC is an efficient and established process for aerospace components. Its efficiency could be further increased by integration of joining processes, which would otherwise be separate processes requiring additional time and equipment. In this work, an integrative two-step thermoforming process for hollow box structures is presented. The starting point are two organosheets, i.e. fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheets. First, one of the organosheets, intended for the bottom skin of the uplift structure, is thermoformed. After cooling, the press opens, the organosheet remains in the press and an infrared heater is pivoted in, to locally heat up just the joining area. Meanwhile, a second organosheet, intended for the top skin, is heated and thermoformed and
Vocke, RichardSeeßelberg, LorenzFocke, OliverDietrich, Jan YorrickJobke, KatrinAlbe, ChristopherMay, David
Thermoplastic fiber-reinforced polymer composites (TPC) are gaining relevance in aviation due to their high specific strength, stiffness, potential recyclability and the ability to be repaired thanks to their meltability. To maximize their potential, efficient repair methods are needed to maintain aircraft safety and structural integrity. This article introduces a novel repair technique for damaged TPC structures, involving the joining of a repair patch with induction welding using a susceptor material. The susceptor consists of a material with high electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability and therefore reacts stronger to the electromagnetic field than the composite, even if the composite is carbon fiber based. I. e. the thermal energy is specifically concentrated in the repair area. In this study, the susceptor was placed on the patch and also in the welding zone. The repair process begins by identifying and preparing the damaged area, followed by precise scarfing. Care is
Geiger, MarkusGlaap, AntonSchiebel, PatrickMay, David
Phillips, PaulSlattery, KevinCoyne, JenniferHayes, Michael
Composite sandwich beams are widely favored for their high strength-to-weight ratio, so understanding their vibration characteristics is important for optimizing designs in critical industries. This study investigates, through experimental and statistical analyses, the impact of core geometry on the vibration characteristics of epoxy/carbon fiber composite sandwich beams featuring sinusoidal and trapezoidal cores. Modal tests were conducted to determine natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes. The height and angle of the cores were treated as key independent factors influencing the beams’ vibration characteristics. In both of the cores the damping ratio values increased about 25% and 35% with increasing the height and angle of the sinusoidal and trapezoidal cores, respectively. Additionally, response surface methodology (RSM) was used for statistical analysis of these input parameters’ effects on damping properties, and the optimal values of core’s geometries were
Alwan, Majeed A.Abbood, Ahmed Sh.Farhan, Arkan J.Azadi, Reza
Polymer composites, such as fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs), are widely used in shipbuilding, aerospace, and automobile industries due to their lightweight and high strengths. In real-world conditions, ship hulls are exposed to harsh environmental factors, including variations in moisture and salinity. FRPs tend to absorb water and moisture, leading to an increase in weight and a reduction in strengths over time, which is undesirable for ship and aircraft structures. This study investigates the reduction in energy absorption and specific energy absorption of glass FRPs (GFRP) and aluminum honeycomb sandwich composites (AHSC) due to exposure to moisture and salinity. Experimental analysis was conducted by immersing the materials in saline and non-saline water. A comparative assessment of the percentage reduction in specific energy absorption (SEA) of GFRP and AHSC is presented. Additionally, the influence of honeycomb parameters such as cell size (CS), foil thickness (FT), and core
Rajput, ArunKumar, AshwinSunny, Mohhamed RabiusChavhan, Harikrishna
Modern aircraft, ships, and offshore structures are increasingly constructed using fiber-reinforced composite materials. However, when subjected to lightning strikes, these materials can suffer significant structural and functional damage due to their electrical and thermal properties. This study aims to develop a novel finite element (FE) model to minimize the error in estimating the thermal damage caused during lightning strikes. This will aid in design and optimization of lightning protection systems. The developed model introduces a simplified numerical approach to model the lightning arc interaction with CFRP laminate. The existing FE model includes idealized loading conditions, leading to high error in estimation of severe damage area and in-depth damage. The proposed methodology incorporates a more realistic lightning-induced loading pattern to improve accuracy. Several cases are analyzed using available FE methods and compared to the proposed model (case 6) to evaluate the
Sontakkey, AkshayKotambkar, MangeshKaware, Kiran
The advance of regulatory emission standards for light-duty vehicles, trucks and motorcycles, coupled with rising sustainability concerns, particularly United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 12 (responsible consumption and production), has created an urgent need for lighter, stronger, and more ecological materials. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer derived from plant sources, offers promising mechanical tensile strength and processability. Nanocomposites, a solution that combines a base matrix with a nanoreinforcing filler, provides a path toward developing sustainable materials with new properties. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are a valuable nanofiller obtained through industrial waste or vegetal fibers, offer a promising avenue for strengthening PLA-based materials. Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained popularity due to its ability to create complex parts, prototyping designs, and to evaluate new nanocomposite materials such as PLA/CNF, showing significant
de Oliveira, ViníciusHoriuchi, Lucas NaoGoncalves, Ana PaulaDe Andrade, MarinaPolkowski, Rodrigo
This paper addresses the need for improved material selection in parcel shelves, a key component in passenger vehicles used to conceal the trunk area. The focus is on weight optimization, structural integrity, and perceived quality improvement using sustainable and ultra-lightweight composite materials. Traditional materials such as PET Woodstock, while durable, contribute significantly to vehicle weight, which is a drawback in the context of electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed composite material alternatives offer a high strength-to-weight ratio and have been shown to improve the load vs. deflection ratio, enhance aesthetics, and reduce manufacturing complexity and costs. This study outlines the testing and evaluation process of varying GSM and thicknesses of composite materials, demonstrating superior stiffness, reduced deflection under load, and enhanced ease of assembly. This work contributes to the ongoing efforts to achieve lightweighting, cost efficiency, and sustainability in
Kinthala, Nareen KumarPatnaik, MangaKhandelwal, MohitKakani, Phani KumarPalaniappan, Elavarasan
Plastic waste, in the past few years, has risen to be one of the most concerning and endangering pollutants to environment and life, making its effective management and reduction a major domain of focus among researchers and industrialists. This comparative study is an attempt to utilize recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET) fibres combined with Epoxy Resin in various combinations, to provide effective and low-cost insulation in moderate to low requirements. The above-mentioned components serve as viable insulators. Moisture resistance of both materials and temperature resistance of Epoxy resins ranging from 120°C to 150°C (depending upon the grade of Epoxy used) indicate a good stability in harsh external operating environment. While Epoxy resins are not inherently flame retardants, additives are introduced for this purpose in order to render the composite safer to use. Owing to the excellent adhesive properties of the Epoxy resin, the rPET fibres are allowed to bond together
Purihella, Sri Sai KrishnaPali, Harveer SinghKumar, PiyushSharma, Ved Prakash
As stepper motors become more and more widely used in engineering systems (vehicles, 3-D printers, manufacturing tools, and similar), the effects of their induced magnetic fields present a concern during the packing and orientation of components within the system. For applications requiring security, this is also a concern as the background electromagnetic radiation (EMF) can be captured at a distance and used to reproduce the motion of the motor during operation. One proposed alternative is to use customized non-magnetic plastic shields created using additive manufacturing. Some small studies have been completed which show some effectiveness of this approach but these studies have been small-scale and difficult to reproduce. To seek a more rigorous answer to this question and collect reproducible data, the present study used full factorial design of experiments with several replications. Three materials were used: Polylactide (PLA), PLA with 25% (weight) copper powder, and PLA with 15
Hu, HenryPatterson, Albert E.Karim, Muhammad FaeyzPorter, LoganKolluru, Pavan V.
Monocoque is a kind of integrated shell structure technology, which has gradually become the primary choice for various racing teams to make car bodies because of its advantages of small specific gravity and high specific strength. The unit of the monocoque is a carbon fiber composite sandwich structure, which is composed of two layers of carbon fiber skin inside and outside and core material between them. The inner and outer layers of the carbon fiber skin are stacked with carbon fiber composite materials of different directions and types.In this project, we plan to optimize the shape of the monocoque shell using the surface design software Alias, select core materials of different materials and structures, more advanced layups, and obtain feasible layup sequences and core material types through Ansys simulation and Matlab collaborative optimization, which will be verified by three-point bending experiments. Different from the previous lightweight work based a lot on experience, this
Cheng, Zhu H.Liu, JJ
Composite materials are created by combining two or more different materials, such as a filler or fibrous reinforcement dispersed in a polymer matrix. The primary goal of developing composites is to improve properties while reducing weight, making them ideal for the sustainable development of the automotive industry. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has emerged as a promising polymer matrix for composites due to its ecological and biodegradable nature, as well as its good mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus of elasticity), though it remains limited when compared to engineering polymers such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA). Cotton fibers have gained visibility in recent years as reinforcement in various matrices due to their low cost, renewable origin, and relative abundance. Incorporating cotton fibers into PLA can improve its mechanical properties, enhancing attributes such as tensile strength and stiffness, which makes the
De Andrade, MarinaPolkowski, RodrigoHoriuchi, Lucas NaoGoncalves, Ana PaulaDe Oliveira, Vinícius
The improvement of heat dissipation performance of ventilated brake discs is vital to braking safety. Usually, the technical approaches shall be material optimization or structural improvement. In this paper, a simulation model of the heat transfer of brake discs is established using STAR-CCM+ software. Cast iron, aluminum metal matrix composite (Al-MMC), and carbon-ceramic composite materials (C-SiC) are compared. The results show that: Al-MMC has better thermal conductivity so that a more uniform temperature gradient distribution shall be formed; C-SiC has poorer heat capacity yet, according to previous studies, it has better thermal stability, which is the ability to ensure its friction factor under high-temperature condition; cast iron performs better with convective heat transfer rate, which enhances the heat transfer between the surface and surrounding flow field. Based on the results, this paper proposes four types of material combined brake discs using different friction
Wang, JiaruiJia, QingZhao, WentaoXia, ChaoYang, Zhigang
In Formula SAE , the primary function of the frame is to provide structural support for the different components and withstand the applied load. In recent years, most Formula Student teams worldwide to adopt monocoque made of carbon fiber composites, which are lighter and stronger. Enhancing the mechanical performance of carbon fiber laminates has been a key focus of research for these teams. In three-point bending tests, significant stress at the adhesive layer between the skin and the core material at both ends of the laminate, often lead to potential adhesive failure. Consequently, experimental boards often exhibit delamination between the outer skin and the core material, and premature core crushing, which compromises the mechanical performance of the laminate and fails to pass the Structural Equivalency Spreadsheet. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the bonding factor of toughened epoxy prepreg film on the mechanical properties of the laminated plate. This
Ning, Zicheng
Alpha Engineered Composites’ thin profile textile composite heat shields provide thermal protection through several thermodynamic mechanisms including: radiation reflection; heat spreading; and finally heat transfer resistance. Typical under the hood automotive applications require heat shield average operational temperature up to 225°C, but newer internal combustion engines are being designed for higher operational temperatures to: increase efficiency through higher compression cycle ratios and lean burning; boost power through turbocharging; increase energy density; and support advanced emissions controls like EGR that can increase average operational temperature up to 300°C. Unfortunately, thermo-oxidative degradation mechanisms negatively impact the polymer structural adhesive within a heat shield textile composite and degrade thermal protection mechanisms. High average operational temperature degradation of traditional versus next generation textile composite heat shields is
Vazquez, Mark
Abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining is the most effective technology for processing various engineering materials particularly difficult-to-cut materials such as aluminum alloys, steels, brass, ceramics, composites, and the like. The present study focuses on the experimental study on surface roughness and kerf taper is carried out during AWJ machining of Al 6061-T6 alloy with 40 mm thickness, and the influence of process parameters includes water jet pressure, standoff distance, and abrasive flow rate on the kerf taper and surface roughness is analyzed. The number of experiments is designed using Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Experimental results are statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Also gray relational analysis (GRA) coupled with principal component analysis (PCA) hybrid approach was implemented to optimize the performance parameters. From the results it is found that standoff distance and hydraulic jet pressure are the most influencing parameters on surface roughness and kerf
Kolluri, Siva PrasadSrikanth, V.Ismail, Sk.Bhanu, C.H.
In an attempt to improve its mechanical characteristics in the as-fasted conditions, the AZ31 Mg alloy was investigated herein from being reinforced with diverse SiC weight percentages (3, 6, and 9 wt.%). To develop lightweight AZ31-SiC composites, a simple and inexpensive technique, the stir casting process, was used. Microstructural analysis of the as-cast samples showed that the SiC particles were distributed rather uniformly, were firmly bonded to the matrix, and had very little porosity. The substantial improvement in tensile, compressive, and hardness characteristics was caused by fragmentation and spreading of the Mg17Al12 phase, while the addition of SiC had only a slight effect on the microstructure in the as-cast state. Surfaces of AZ31-SiC composites were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. A study identified the AZ31-SiC composite as a unique material for applications involving a high compressive strength, such as those found in the aviation and automobile
Thillikkani, S.Kumar, N. MathanFrancis Luther King, M.Soundararajan, R.Kannan, S.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides methods and guidelines for isolating dissimilar repair patch materials from carbon fiber reinforced plastic (herein also referred to as carbon composite) structure during a repair operation.
AMS G9 Aerospace Sealing Committee
This study focuses on developing and deploying an Unmanned Aquatic Vehicle (UAV) capable of underwater travel. The primary objectives of this project are to detect the presence of dimethyl sulfide and toluene, as well as to identify any potential oil leakage in underwater pipelines. The UAV has a maximum operating depth of 300 m below the water surface. The design of this UAV is derived from the natural design of Rhinaancylostoma, an underwater kind of fish. The maximum operational setting for this mission is fixed at a depth of approximately 300 m beneath the surface of the sea, and the choice of this species is suitable for fulfilling the objectives of this undertaking. This technology will mitigate the risk associated with human interaction in inspection processes and has the potential to encompass various other resources in the future. The initial design data of the UAV is determined using analytical processes and verified formulas. The selection of the airfoil is done by comparing
Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, Janani PriyadharshiniRajendran, MahendranArumugam, ManikandanRaji, Arul PrakashSakthivel, PradeshMadasamy, Senthil KumarStanislaus Arputharaj, BeenaL, NatrayanRaja, Vijayanandh
This study investigates the frequency response characteristics of laminated composite rectangular plates, focusing on the influence of fiber orientation. The composite plates, composed of 12 layers of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRP), were chosen for their superior mechanical properties and broad applicability in engineering fields, including the automotive sector. In automotive engineering, these composites are valued for their lightweight properties and high strength, contributing to enhanced performance and fuel efficiency. The analysis employed a combination of finite element methods and Taguchi experimental design techniques to understand how fiber orientation affects the dynamic behavior of these plates. To systematically explore the impact of fiber orientation on the frequency response, the study utilized Taguchi's orthogonal array design. Specifically, the L9 (3^3) and L16 (4^4) orthogonal arrays were employed to structure the experimental runs effectively
N, SuhasC V, PrasshanthU, Anish KumarBhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
This research examines the thermal instability of slender beams composed of functionally graded materials (FGMs), with a specific focus on their suitability for engine hood components. The FGM combines the durability of aluminum with the heat tolerance of silicon nitride. The study aims to determine the maximum temperature the beam can withstand without buckling under various support conditions, simulating the uneven heat distribution experienced by engine hoods in actual use. The FGM structure comprises four longitudinally arranged layers, where the ceramic and metallic components gradually shift across the thickness. Finite element modeling software (ANSYS) is utilized to examine the buckling response under diverse temperature conditions. To enhance the thermal performance of the engine hood panel, the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array methodology is employed utilizing Minitab 19 software. The first four layers of the FGM beam are defined as process variables, while the critical buckling
Pawale, DeepakBhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
Before starting your paper, please read, “How to Write an SAE this study investigates the performance and highlights the mechanical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics of hybrid fibre composite plate composed of Kenaf Fibre (KF), Ridge Gourd Fibre (RGF), Waste Plastic Materials (WPM), and matrix materials. The raw materials under goanalkaline treatment involving 2hoursofagitation with 5% NaOH. Following treatment, KF, RGF, and WPM are combined with epoxyres in using compression moulding to form four different hybrid composite plates in the %wt of 10:20:5, 20:10:5, 10:10:5, and 20:20:5. Various tests are conducted to evaluate their properties, including the Tensile Test, Shear Test, and Flexural Test, adhering to ASTM standards D638, D7078, and D790, respectively. The results indicate that 20:20:5 plate showed higher tensile strength (21.70 MPa), flexural strength (77.23 MPa), and shear strength (18.13MPa. Subsequently, Thermo gravimetric Analysis (TGA) was conducted on the 20:20
D R, RajkumarR, BaranitharanBasha, Mohamed HumayunS, Kamalesh
The incorporation of natural available material into synthetic materials to form a fiber within a single polymer matrix has been ignited since environment concerns become crucial nowadays. Composite materials embedded with two or more types of fibers makes a composite as hybrid. The study of hybridization of natural and synthetic fibers brings out superior mechanical and tribological properties. In our present studies, fabrication of jute & glass fiber reinforced epoxy-based polymer hybrid composites were carried out using resin infusion technique. For comparing the various properties, the composite made of pure jute fiber i.e 100% jute, pure glass fiber i.e 100% glass, the hybrid composite containing 75% jute and 25% glass fiber, 50% jute and 50% glass fiber, and 25% jute and 75% glass fiber were made and its functional behaviors were studied. The results revealed the hybrid composite containing 25% jute and 75% glass fiber possessed maximum tensile strength of 292±5.8 MPa, flexural
J, ChandradassT, ThirugnanasambandhamM, Amutha SurabiP, Baskara SethupathiRajendran, RMurugadoss, Palanivendhan
Polyaniline (PANI)-polymer based smart paints have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the durability and performance of automobile surface coatings. These paint coatings offer a superior corrosion resistance, conductivity, and environmental stability, making it an ideal. Here novel copolymers of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid(DBSA) aided poly (aniline-co-m-chloroaniline) nanocomposites of various compositions were prepared by oxidative method in micellar solution. These nanocomposites were analyzed by using UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. The crystalline nature of the polymer was evidenced through XRD patterns. SEM revealed the presence of particles with spherical morphology 100 nm in diameter. The electrical activity of the doped polymer was found to be content increasing from 3:1 to 3:3 x 10-2 S/cm to 5.64 x 10-7 S/cm with chloroaniline. These copolymers are added as additives in manufacturing of paint. These novel paints offer multiple protective mechanisms
Pachanoor, VijayanandMoorthi, Bharathiraja
The objective of this research is to present a novel variant of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with an advanced flying wing configuration capable of detecting and rescuing individuals affected by avalanches. This leads to testing of the UAV, to identify if it can operate efficiently at the intended temperature and atmospheric conditions. Typically, UAVs can operate in a broad spectrum of temperatures. Regions prone to avalanches would experience near-cryogenic temperatures. The notion is investigated and tested in this specific scenario. The chosen location is Siachen, where temperatures can become as low as -25 degree Celsius (°C). It has been proven that a thermal camera aids the UAV to detect the distinct body heat signatures of individuals who are trapped under snow. The selection of wing, propeller, and vertical stabilizer airfoils is guided by standard analytical calculations, while the overall model is developed using 3D EXPERIENCE. The computational tests are conducted using
Veeraperumal Senthil Nathan, Janani PriyadharshiniPisharam, Akhila AjithSourirajan, LaxanaBaskar, SundharVinayagam, GopinathStanislaus Arputharaj, BeenaL, NatrayanSakthivel, PradeshRaja, Vijayanandh
This study investigates the thermal buckling behavior of axially layered functionally graded material (FGM) thin beams with potential applications in automotive structures. The FGM beam is constructed from four axially stratified sections, with the proportional amount of metal and ceramic fluctuating through the thickness. The buckling analysis is carried out for three different support configurations: clamped-clamped, simply supported-simply supported, and clamped-simply supported. The primary objective is to identify the optimal thermal buckling temperature of the FGM thin beam using the Taguchi optimization method. Beam arrangements are established using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and analyzed using finite element software (ANSYS). Layers 1-4 of the axially layered beam are considered process parameters, while the thermal buckling temperature is the response parameter. Minitab software performs an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level to identify the most
Pawale, DeepakBhaskara Rao, Lokavarapu
This paper explores the augmentation of thermal conductivity in paraffin wax through the incorporation of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, leading to the development of composite phase change materials (PCMs). The objective is to enhance heat transfer rates, crucial for various energy storage applications including industrial waste heat recovery and solar thermal energy storage. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) testing was employed to experimentally investigate the thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposite PCM. The experimental results reveal that the nanocomposite PCM, composed of 96.14% paraffin wax, 2% aluminum oxide, and 1.6% copper oxide, exhibits 1.35 times increase in heat transfer rate compared to conventional paraffin wax. The integration of nanoparticles into the PCM matrix, facilitated by a magnetic stirrer at 50oC for 4 hours, results in uniform distribution and improved grain morphology, as evidenced by SEM images. Moreover, the
Tarigonda, HariprasadKumar, YB KishoreKala, Lakshmi KR L, Krupakaran
The research project focused on investigating the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of composite plates made from bamboo leaves and coconut leaves reinforced with epoxy resin that has received limited attention in previous studies. The bamboo and coconut leaves underwent alkaline treatment, were thoroughly washed with distilled water, and dried in sunlight for 24 hours. For the fabrication of three composite plates, Hand lay up method was employed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The compositions of the composite plates were varied as first Composition has 25 wt% bamboo leaves, 25 wt% coconut leaves and 50 wt% resin, the Second Composition has 30 wt% bamboo leaves, 30 wt% coconut leaves, and 40 wt% resin and the third composition has 35 wt% bamboo leaves, 35 wt% coconut leaves, and 30 wt% resin. Tensile test, shear and flexural tests helped determine the tensile strength, shear strength, and flexural strength of the composite
D R, RajkumarO, Vivin LeninR, SaktheevelS, Edwin Roshan
The usage of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and the annual production rate have increased significantly over the years. This is due to the development of rechargeable electrical energy storage system (battery pack), which is the main power source for EVs. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) pack is predominantly used across all major vehicle categories such as 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers and light commercial vehicle. LIB is one of the high energy-dense sources of volume. However, LIBs have a challenge to pose a risk of short circuits and battery pack explosions, when exposed to damage scenarios. In the present study, the controlled crash analysis is performed for various velocities ranging from 50 kmph to 72 kmph against an obstruction directly and at an offset from the wheel, so as to mimic the real-world crash of high-speed two-wheelers. The behavior of the battery enclosure is examined through evaluating the structural integrity of the battery enclosure used in a realistic two-wheeler after crash at
Venkatesan Sr, AiyappanNelson, N RinoHariharan Nair, Adarsh
The integration of carbon nanotubes (CNT) into composite materials has revolutionized various high-performance industries, including aerospace, marine, and defense, for their exceptional thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. The critical nature of these applications demands precise control over the manufacturing process to ensure the optimal performance of the CNT-reinforced composites. This study employs the Taguchi approach to systematically investigate and determine the optimal proportion of CNT volume fraction, fiber volume fraction, and stacking sequence in composite materials to achieve the optimal fundamental frequency. The Taguchi method, known for its efficiency in optimizing design parameters with a minimal number of experiments, enables the identification of the most influential factors and their optimal levels for enhancing material properties. Our findings demonstrate that the proper arrangement and proportioning of these components significantly improve the
B, SrivatsanBalakrishna Sriganth, PranavBhaskara Rao, LokavarapuBiswas, Sayan
Disc brakes play a vital role in automotive braking systems, offering a dependable and effective means of decelerating or halting a vehicle. The disc brake assembly functions by converting the vehicle's kinetic energy into thermal energy through friction. The performances of the brake assembly and user experience are significantly impacted by squeal noise and wear behaviour. This paper delves into the fundamental mechanisms behind squeal noise and assesses the wear performance of the disc brake assembly. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are an innovative type of composite material, characterized by gradual variations in composition and structure throughout their volume, leading to changes in properties such as mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance. FGMs have emerged as a groundbreaking solution in the design and manufacturing of brake rotors, addressing significant challenges related to thermal stress, wear resistance, and overall performance. These
C V, PrasshanthS, GurumoorthyBhaskara Rao, LokavarapuS, SridharS, Badri NarayananKumar, AjayBiswas, Sayan
Natural fiber composites (NFC’s) have considerable promise for a wide range of technological applications due to their exceptional features, which include notable weight reduction, high strength, and affordability. The aforementioned materials are also biodegradable and sustainable, which makes them appealing for use in sustainable engineering methods. This research focuses on evaluating the mechanical features of jute fiber and Al₂O₃ particle fortified polymer composites, exploring their potential for advanced engineering uses. The Taguchi technique is used with a L9 orthogonal array, integrating three-level, three-parameter approach, to systematically examine potential combinations of process variables in the manufacturing of these polymer composites. The primary goal is to optimize the mechanical attributes of the composites, which include tensile modulus, tensile stress, and weight percentage increase. Detailed investigations are conducted to interpret the effects of these process
Somsole, Lakshmi NarayanaNatarajan, ManikandanPasupuleti, ThejasreeKatta, Lakshmi NarasimhamuVivekananda, Soma
The present study aims to assess the tensile properties of Caryota urens fibre reinforced polyester composites. Composites were fabricated with different fiber weight fractions starting from 5% to 35% with 5% increment. The mechanical testing of composite material was conducted using ASTM standards. The results indicated that the tensile, impact, and flexural properties of composite material were increased up to 25% fiber weight fraction; after that, they have been reduced due to some factors, like fiber distribution, which may not be uniform, and adhesion between fiber and matrix may be reduced. The optimal weight fraction of caryota urens fiber found from this study is 25%. The maximum tensile, impact, and flexural strength obtained for the composites were 36.22 MPa, 62.21 MPa, and 0.224 N/m, respectively. Water absorption characteristics show the increase of water intake behavior of composites due to their hydrophobic nature.
Santhanam, KRaja, K.Naveen, MSaranbala, MM, Naveenkumar
These days, aluminum and other material composites are indispensable for a wide range of engineering applications, including automotive-related ones. The machinability investigations of hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMC) made of Al 6061 are reported in this paper. Graphene nanoparticles (GNp) and boron carbide were used to reinforce Al6061 alloy for the experiment. Stir casting was used to create the hybrid composite under the right circumstances. Since HMMC is not easy to machine using conventional machining procedures, the advanced method of electrical discharge machining (EDM) was used. EDM machinability studies were carried out on stir-casted Al-B4C-GNP composite materials to examine the effects of wire EDM machining variables, including current, pulse on, and pulse off, on surface roughness and material removal rate. Taguchi based Desirability function Analysis was used to optimize the EDM process parameters for maximization of the material removal rate (MRR) and minimization
Kala, Lakshmi KMadhuri, KReddy, DamodaraTarigonda, HariprasadR L, KrupakaranTharehallimata, GurubasavarajuNaidu, B Vishnu Vardhana
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