Browse Topic: Chemicals

Items (6,682)
Musa sapientumSaccharum officinarum L
Santos Borges, LarissaDias, Roberto Yuri CostaBrandao, Leonardo William MacedoMendonca Maia, Pedro VictorSilva de Mendonça, Alian GomesFujiyama, Roberto Tetsuo
This paper focuses on the performance of the high-pressure oxygen cylinder oxygen supplemental system in the lavatory of civil aircraft. Due to the potential safety hazards of chemical oxygen generators in the lavatory, high-pressure gaseous oxygen cylinders are used instead. Through theoretical and study, the influence of the orifice on the oxygen flow rate is thoroughly investigated. Based on relevant principles, the calculation method of the gas flow characteristics in the orifice is determined. Considering the high initial pressure of the oxygen cylinder, the supersonic flow condition within approximately 20 minutes is mainly considered. The Simulink is used to simulate the system flow rate under different temperatures during cabin depressurization. Experimental verification shows that the oxygen flow rate under different temperatures meets the minimum oxygen demand, and the simulation results are highly consistent with the experimental results, indicating that the simulation
Wan, ShutingLei, MingjunYu, Xiaoying
In an attempt to reduce CO2 release from alloy wheel production, we have developed an aluminum alloy for casting that satisfies necessary property requirements using recycled aluminum, but without heat treatment. The wheel is a critical safety feature of any vehicle, and it should have toughness and strength .In many wheels, virgin aluminum containing small amounts of impurities is used to maintain toughness, and heat treatment (T6), which is post-casting quick heating and quenching, is applied to provide strength. At the start of this project, we focused on two wheel-manufacturing processes, production of virgin aluminum and heat treatment, from which a large amount of CO2 is released. By switching to recycled aluminum, CO2 was reduced to one-ninth the original amount. The issue with recycled material is that impurities grow in the metal structures as intermetallic compounds and this reduces toughness. To deal with this issue, we have chosen high-pressure die casting (HPDC), in which
Suzuki, Noritaka
A noninvasive imaging system combines two advanced techniques to examine both the structure and chemical composition of skin cancers. This approach could improve how doctors diagnose and classify skin cancer and how they monitor treatment responses.
Nylon, Teflon, Kevlar. These are just a few familiar polymers — large-molecule chemical compounds — that have changed the world. From Teflon-coated frying pans to 3D printing, polymers are vital to creating the systems that make the world function better.
This specification covers an acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber in the form of molded rings, compression seals, O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Hydrogen is a clean-burning fuel that could help to replace fossil fuels in transportation, the chemicals industry, and many other sectors. However, hydrogen is also an explosive gas, so it is essential to have safety systems that can reliably detect leaks in a variety of circumstances.
Although lithium is highly effective to treat bipolar disorder, the chemical has a narrow therapeutic window — too high a dose can be toxic to patients, causing kidney damage, thyroid damage, or even death, while too low a dose renders the treatment ineffective.
The increased functionality of today’s medical devices is astounding. Optical devices, for example, analyze chemicals, toxins, and biologic specimens. Semiconductor devices sense, analyze, and communicate. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices utilize inertial methods to detect motion, direct light, and move components over short distances. Radiofrequency (RF) devices communicate wirelessly to other devices directly and remotely over the Internet. Handheld acoustic devices scan the body and build a virtual 3D model that shows conditions in the body. The innovation currently happening in the medical device industry is staggering, limited only by imagination and finding technical methods to implement the vision.
A wearable wristband could significantly improve diabetes management by continuously tracking not only glucose but also other chemical and cardiovascular signals that influence disease progression and overall health.
This standard establishes the recommended requirements for application of AMS3144 anodic electrodeposition primer to aerospace components. Adherence to these requirements will help facilitate satisfactory performance of the applied primer.
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
Engineers have developed a smart lactation pad that can quantify a wide range of chemicals in breast milk in real time. This work is pioneering the first wearable, rapid sensor for at-home measurement of chemicals in breast milk, addressing an important technology gap for improving the health of the mother and the baby.
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of cold-worked bars and wire up to 1.750 inches (44.45 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) and over in nominal thickness.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet and strip.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
This specification establishes the requirements for chemical-film (conversion) coatings on aluminum alloys.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification covers a biodegradable deodorant in the form of a liquid concentrate, solid, or gel.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
A Northwestern University-led team of researchers has developed a new fuel cell that harvests energy from microbes living in dirt. About the size of a standard paperback book, the completely soil-powered technology could fuel underground sensors used in precision agriculture and green infrastructure. This potentially could offer a sustainable, renewable alternative to batteries, which hold toxic, flammable chemicals that leach into the ground, are fraught with conflict-filled supply chains and contribute to the ever-growing problem of electronic waste.
The relation between the multiple auto-ignition in the premixed charge with fuel concentration distribution and associated pressure wave are numerically investigated. This study assumes that the auto-ignition phenomenon in the end-gas of PCCI combustion, a next-generation combustion method which is expected to achieve both low fuel consumption and low emissions at a high level. Detailed numerical analysis considering the elementary chemical reactions of the compressible reacting fluid flow described in the one-dimensional coordinate system with high spatial and time resolution was performed to clarify the detailed phenomena of the onset of the multiple auto-ignition and the pressure wave propagation in the gas.
Iizumi, KotaYoshida, Kenji
In response to the evolving landscape of exhaust gas regulations for small powertrains, reducing NOx emission is increasingly important. This study deeply investigated the feasibility of a NOx storage catalyst (NSC) containing cerium oxide (CeO2) and barium oxide (BaO) for reducing NOx emission. The key functions, NOx storage and reduction performances were evaluated, and deterioration mechanisms were explored through performance evaluations and physical property analyses. The findings revealed a strong correlation between the size of CeO2 crystals and NOx storage performance at low temperature, such as those encountered during city driving conditions. Conversely, at high temperature, such as those during highway driving conditions, NOx storage performance correlated well with sulfur deposition, suggesting that the formation of barium sulfate (BaSO4) contributes to the deactivation. This experiment also showed a strong correlation between NOx reduction performance and BaSO4 formation
Nakano, FumiyaKoito, Yusuke
This foundation specification (AMS1424T) and its associated category specifications (AMS1424/1 and AMS1424/2) cover a deicing/anti-icing material in the form of a fluid.
G-12ADF Aircraft Deicing Fluids
In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on ammonia–diesel dual-fuel engines as a means of reducing CO2 emissions. Analyzing in-cylinder combustion processes is essential for optimizing the performance of ammonia–diesel dual-fuel engines. However, there is currently a lack of suitable reaction kinetics models for ammonia–diesel engine conditions. In this study, the ignition delay of ammonia/n-heptane mixtures was measured, and a reduced chemical mechanism was developed. Using rapid compression machine (RCM) experiments, the ignition delays of ammonia/n-heptane mixtures with different ammonia energy fractions (AEFs) (40%, 60%, and 80%) were measured. The test pressure ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 MPa, while the temperature ranged from 667 to 919 K, with an equivalence ratio of 1. The results showed that as the AEFs increased, the ignition delay of the premixed mixture also increased. When the AEF was 40%, the ammonia/n-heptane premixed mixture exhibited the negative temperature
Cai, KaiyuanLiu, YiChen, QingchuQi, YunliangLi, LiWang, Zhi
The advance of regulatory emission standards for light-duty vehicles, trucks and motorcycles, coupled with rising sustainability concerns, particularly United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 12 (responsible consumption and production), has created an urgent need for lighter, stronger, and more ecological materials. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable polymer derived from plant sources, offers promising mechanical tensile strength and processability. Nanocomposites, a solution that combines a base matrix with a nanoreinforcing filler, provides a path toward developing sustainable materials with new properties. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are a valuable nanofiller obtained through industrial waste or vegetal fibers, offer a promising avenue for strengthening PLA-based materials. Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained popularity due to its ability to create complex parts, prototyping designs, and to evaluate new nanocomposite materials such as PLA/CNF, showing significant
de Oliveira, ViníciusHoriuchi, Lucas NaoGoncalves, Ana PaulaDe Andrade, MarinaPolkowski, Rodrigo
Optical sensors serve as the backbone of numerous scientific and technological endeavors, from detecting gravitational waves to imaging biological tissues for medical diagnostics. These sensors use light to detect changes in properties of the environment they’re monitoring, including chemical biomarkers and physical properties like temperature. A persistent challenge in optical sensing has been enhancing sensitivity to detect faint signals amid noise.
Automotive industry is growing rapidly with innovations leading to increase in new features and improving the Quality of vehicles. These new components are developed with the available design standards across global OEMs. This Quality research paper aims to address the need of revision of design standards due to environmental factors prevailing in India. With the increase towards autonomous mobility, the number of electronics is also increasing, and this involves hardware & software evaluation. The hardware testing is a point of concern due to increase in the failure rate from the markets. Environment changes are very much evident with the growing economies and OEMs are developing the components with innovation, but if the basic design standards are not revised in parallel with the changing environment, the issues will continue to trouble the end customers. The failed cases data received from across the country was analyzed and observed that the cases are majorly reported from urban
Marwah, RamnikPyasi, PraveenBindra, RiteshGarg, Vipin
Composite materials are created by combining two or more different materials, such as a filler or fibrous reinforcement dispersed in a polymer matrix. The primary goal of developing composites is to improve properties while reducing weight, making them ideal for the sustainable development of the automotive industry. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has emerged as a promising polymer matrix for composites due to its ecological and biodegradable nature, as well as its good mechanical properties (tensile strength and modulus of elasticity), though it remains limited when compared to engineering polymers such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA). Cotton fibers have gained visibility in recent years as reinforcement in various matrices due to their low cost, renewable origin, and relative abundance. Incorporating cotton fibers into PLA can improve its mechanical properties, enhancing attributes such as tensile strength and stiffness, which makes the
De Andrade, MarinaPolkowski, RodrigoHoriuchi, Lucas NaoGoncalves, Ana PaulaDe Oliveira, Vinícius
Depletion of petroleum crude oil and its environmental impacts challenge future generations. Vegetable oils provide a sustainable alternative with benefits like anti-wear properties, biodegradability, and renewability. Kusum oil's ability to lower carbon emissions significantly and promote sustainable industrial practices highlights its potential as a viable green alternative. This research paper presents a comprehensive and comparative analysis of a sustainable, environmentally friendly bio-lubricant and nonedible vegetable oil like Kusum oil. Bio-lubricant is produced by transesterification followed by epoxidation, which is known as epoxidized kusum oil lubricant or dehydrated kusum oil (DKO). The process of epoxidation significantly enhances the properties of Kusum oil, making it a promising alternative to conventional lubricants. It is compared with a widely used conventional mineral oil lubricant like SAE10W40. DKO exhibits comparable density, viscosity index, pour point, and
Prabhakaran, JPali, Harveer SinghSingh, Nishant K.
This specification covers the requirements of uncoated aluminum alloy foil for core materials required for structural sandwich construction.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The chemical milling process used in the aerospace industry generates substantial metallic residue in the etching bath, referred to as chemical milling sludge (CMS). The direct disposal of CMS into the environment leads to ecological deterioration and economic losses. This study focused on the recovery of aluminum from the aerospace industry CMS, aiming to mitigate environmental harm and enhance resource efficiency. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed that the aluminum content in extracted CMS increased significantly to 95.86%, compared to 28.98% in non-extracted sludge. The XRD analysis of the CMS extracted samples also revealed the presence of increased Al2O3. The surface morphology study suggested the irregularly shaped particles with large chunks, and fine granules were observed on CMS. The yield of Al2O3 was observed to be 35.9% (wt) prior to the calcination process followed by 12.1% (wt) after calcination. The phytotoxicity study indicated that the CMS inhibited
Prasad, JagSonwani, Ravi Kumar
Lubricant oil in combustion engines undergoes thermal degradation under high temperatures and forms solid deposits. These deposits, called coke, are insidious, black, and carbonaceous solids. To mitigate the problems associated with oil coking, an effective testing methodology must be developed to characterize the coke formation qualitatively and quantitatively. Previously, testing methodologies have been developed to measure coking tendency however some of the international standards such as the SAE ARP 6166 use visual inspection methods to assess coke. Such methods are unsuitable for advanced research as they are prone to error in human judgment. This paper intends to bridge this gap and discusses test methodologies that can measure Coke quantitatively and qualitatively. Coke formation has been studied using different laboratory methods such as static immersion, thin film oxidation, and dynamic spray tests to replicate the various conditions. In a static immersion test, a metal
Jeyaseelan, ThangarajaS, ShanmugasundaramBansal, LalitNegi, AshishKoka, Tirumala RaoDas, Arnab
The present study is focused on the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) and Al2O3 nanoparticles into solar stills presents a promising approach to enhance their efficiency. This paper explores the design and performance analysis of a solar still system incorporating PCMs and Al2O3 nanoparticles with different concentration like 200ppm and 400ppm. The primary goal is to investigate the impact of these enhancements on the solar still’s productivity and thermal efficiency.The Aluminium Oxide Nanoparticle were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. XRD and TEM were used to characterize the aluminum oxide particles. In this study, Aluminum oxide nanoparticles were employed as thermal conductivity materials, while TN+30 were utilized as a phase change material. After taking about 25 (liters) of water, it was discovered that 1 cm was the ideal depth. Compared to PCM, the energy materials TN+30 and Al2O3 increased collection efficiency with 200 ppm and 400 ppm of 21.65% and
R L, KrupakaranSagaya Raj, GnanaPetla, Ratna KamalaKala, Lakshmi KAnchupogu, Praveen
Copper Antimony Sulfide (CuSbS2) is a promising ternary semiconductor for use as an absorber layer in third-generation thin film heterojunction solar cells. This newly developed optoelectronic material offers a viable alternative to cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium di-selenide (Cu(In,Ga)Se2) due to its composition of inexpensive, readily available, and non-toxic elements. These films were successfully produced at an optimal substrate temperature of 533 K using the conventional spray technique. X-ray diffraction and Raman studies confirm that the films exhibit a chalcostibite structure. Characterization studies reveal that the films possess lattice parameters of a = 0.60 nm, b = 0.38 nm, and c = 1.45 nm, with an absorption coefficient of 105 cm-1 and a band gap of 1.50 eV. Notably, the films exhibit p-type conductivity. All of these studies confirm that CuSbS2 is an excellent choice for the absorber layer in solar cell applications. An attempt was made in this study to
Kumar, YB KishoreYb, KiranTarigonda, HariprasadReddy M, Surya Sekhar
Over the past two decades, microfluidic devices, which use technology to produce micrometer-sized droplets, have become crucial to various applications. These span chemical reactions, biomolecular analysis, soft-matter chemistry, and the production of fine materials. Furthermore, droplet microfluidics has enabled new applications that were not possible with traditional methods. It can shape the size of the particles and influence their morphology and anisotropy. However, the conventional way of generating droplets in a single microchannel structure is often slow, limiting production.
A team led by Emily Davidson has reported that they used a class of widely available polymers called thermoplastic elastomers to create soft 3D printed structures with tunable stiffness. Engineers can design the print path used by the 3D printer to program the plastic’s physical properties so that a device can stretch and flex repeatedly in one direction while remaining rigid in another. Davidson, an assistant professor of chemical and biological engineering, says this approach to engineering soft architected materials could have many uses, such as soft robots, medical devices and prosthetics, strong lightweight helmets, and custom high-performance shoe soles.
The properties of organic nitrate ester that inhibit scale formation were investigated in order to acquire a better understanding of ferrous carbide precipitation from supersaturated solutions. When the scale inhibitor was present, precipitation rates were much lower than when it was missing, even at very low concentrations. When the temperature and time are increased simultaneously, more scale is deposited. The effect of nitrate ester on scale deposition demonstrates that the inhibitory dosage is relatively low at low temperatures but rapidly increases when exposed to high temperatures. The inhibitor is thought to alter the shape of the first crystals by binding to dynamic growth sites and inhibiting the threshold level of development.
Sandeep, ChSrinivasan, V. P.Raja Kumar, G.Anandan, R.Shanthi, C.Selvarajan, L.
This specification defines limits of variation for determining acceptability of the composition of cast or wrought titanium and titanium alloy parts and material acquired from a producer.
AMS G Titanium and Refractory Metals Committee
In the modern era, advanced hybrid polymer-based composites have the potential to replace conventional polymers and exhibit unique behaviour. This study focuses on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) hybrid composite made with jute fiber and enhanced with nano silicon carbide particles through the injection moulding process. The natural jute fiber undergoes chemical surface treatment to improve its adhesive behaviour. The study evaluates the effects of 10wt% chemically treated jute fiber and 1, 3, and 5wt% of SiC on the structural, impact, tensile, and flexural strength of the synthesized composites according to ASTM D7565, D3039, and D790 standards. The structural behaviour of LDPE composites is assessed through X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing improved crystalline structure and interaction. Among the five prepared composite samples, the composite containing 10wt% treated jute fiber and 5wt% SiC demonstrated enhanced impact, tensile, and flexural strength of 5.7 J/mm2, 43 MPa, and 56
Venkatesh, R.Kaliyaperumal, GopalManivannan, S.Karthikeyan, S.Aravindan, N.Mohanavel, VinayagamSoudagar, Manzoore Elahi MohammadKarthikeyan, N.
Anode material, responsible for the critical storage and release of lithium ions during charge and discharge cycles, holds paramount importance. By strategically altering the material design and composition of the current graphite, researchers aim to significantly improve fast charging capabilities, energy density, cycling stability and overall electrochemical kinetics within Lithium ion battery. Anode materials operate through three primary mechanisms: insertion/de-insertion that is allowing for reversible lithium ion accommodation within the host structure; alloying, where lithium ions form chemical bonds with the anode material; and conversion reactions, involving the creation of new phases during charge/discharge cycles. This review delves into a captivating array of advanced anode materials with the potential to surpass the limitations of traditional graphite. Carbon-based nanomaterials like graphene and its derivative, reduced graphene oxide, offer exceptional conductivity and
Borkar, ShwetaNahalde, SujayRuban J S, AlwinMore, Hemant
A lightning strike during raining season causes significant risks to automobiles, especially modern vehicles mostly dependent on electronic systems. Lightning can cause severe damage to electronic control unit that control the vehicle functions such as engine management, electrical circuits with sensors, braking systems, and safety features. Therefore, this research work focused for developing new electrical polymers with better conductive properties that would create a path for lightning to travel without damaging it. In-situ chemical oxidative polymerization was used to develop a new series of functional electroactive nanocomposites based on silver nanoparticles embedded poly (aniline-co-3-chloroaniline) matrix. Here we would suggest these electroactive polymers can be widely used as additive in paint manufacturing as special coatings in automobiles industry. Because of the internal chemical bonds and internal structure of these materials acts as a semiconducting nature, hence they
Pachanoor, VijayanandMoorthi, Bharathiraja
Growing demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and lower CO2 emissions has led to the development of lightweight materials. Aluminum composites are being used to achieve lightweighting to improve performance, efficiency, and sustainability across various industries. The unique properties of aluminum composites make them an attractive choice for researchers and designers looking to optimize their products. Reinforcement materials play a vital role in the development of these composites, acting as barriers to dislocation movement within the aluminum matrix. This effectively strengthens the material and prevents deformation under load, resulting in increased tensile strength and fatigue resistance. Additionally, aluminum composites exhibit improved thermal and electrical conductivity, making them suitable for automotive applications. In this study, metal matrix composites (MMCs) of aluminum 7075 alloys were developed using silicon carbide (SiC) and flyash as reinforcements. Three different
Manwatkar, Asmita AshokSantosh Jambhale, MedhaMahagaonkar, NitinSharma, Dipesh
The modern-day development in the field of mobility demands the development of advanced engineering materials for various engineering applications. Composite materials play a pivotal role in the advancement of mobility by achieving overall weight reduction and thereby contributing to the sustainability of the environment. Metal matrix composites has played a crucial role over the last few decades in the automotive industry replacing the conventional metal in achieving a better strength to weight ratio. Metal matrix composites can be a combination of a metal and a ceramic combined at a macroscopic level to achieve better mechanical and tribological properties at a reduced weight to strength ratio. Aluminium being one of the largest metals widely used in automobiles, are gradually being replaced with Aluminium metal matrix composites. Aluminium – silicon carbide composite is a key interest among the researchers due to the attractive mechanical and tribological properties that enhance the
Valsan, Ashray
The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center (DEVCOM CBC) is paving the way and helping the Army transform into a multi-domain force through its modernization and priority research efforts that are linked to the National Defense Strategy and nation’s goals. CBC continues to lead in the development of innovative defense technology, including autonomous chem-bio defense solutions designed to enhance accuracy and safety to the warfighter.
Researchers and engineers at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center have developed a prototype system for decontaminating military combat vehicles. U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center (DEVCOM CBC) is paving the way and helping the Army transform into a multi-domain force through its modernization and priority research efforts that are linked to the National Defense Strategy and nation's goals. CBC continues to lead in the development of innovative defense technology, including autonomous chem-bio defense solutions designed to enhance accuracy and safety to the warfighter.
This specification covers a shampoo type carpet cleaner in the form of a liquid.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
This specification covers insecticides for use in disinsection of aircraft as required on international passenger flights.
AMS J Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals and Materials Committee
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