Browse Topic: Plating

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Electrochemical–Thermal Coupled Modeling and Optimization of Fast Charging for Lithium-Ion Batteries2026-01-70112/27/2026
This study systematically investigates methods to enhance the fast-charging capability of lithium-ion batteries through advanced simulation. The electrochemical reaction mechanism, heat generation mechanism, and lithium plating mechanism are analyzed in detail, and an electrochemical–thermal coupled model incorporating a lithium plating sub-model is established. A hybrid parameter identification strategy, combining random search, grid search, and manual adjustment, is employed to calibrate the model across different operating conditions, thereby improving its accuracy in reproducing real battery behavior. Lithium plating is selected as the primary indicator to evaluate fast-charging performance. Based on simulation results, the effects of both operational parameters and structural parameters on lithium plating are thoroughly analyzed. The results indicate that lower charging rates, elevated charging temperatures, higher electrode porosity, and reduced tortuosity are favorable for
Zhao, Peiqiang, Zhan, Wenwei, Qi, Ji, Yi, Yong
Plating, Silver, Copper Strike, Low BakeAMS2412M (Current)1/27/2026
This specification covers the requirements for silver deposited on metal parts with a copper strike between the basis metal and the silver deposit.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, CadmiumAMS2400Z (Current)1/23/2026
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited cadmium on metal parts.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Optimization of the Hood Ro-dip CED Process Through Strategic Support Rod Placement at Multiple Locations for Enhanced Hood Gap and Flushness Control in Automotive Manufacturing2026-26-04861/16/2026
The Ro-dip Cathodic Electrodeposition (CED) process is new technology used by automotive manufacturers for higher quality corrosion protection in new generation automobiles. This process involves multiple 360-degree rotation of automotive body-in-white (BIW) which exert higher hydrostatic pressure and drag forces on large surface panels of BIW like hood. For maintaining consistent gaps and flushness control at vehicle level, it is important to safeguard the dimensional stability of light weight (crash performance sensitive) steel hood panel while undergoing through this CED process. This study investigates the enhancement of hood structure supports through strategic optimization of support rod placement and quantity within the Ro-dip CED paint shop system. This Paper underscore the importance of tailored fixture design in the Ro-dip CED process, offering a scalable solution for automotive manufacturers aiming to improve quality while reducing costs associated with dimensional
Tile, Vikrant, Unadkat, Siddharth, Askari, Hasan, Jadhav, Devidas
Predictive Analysis and Risk Management of Nickel-Plated Aluminum Automotive Parts Exposed to Harsh Environmental Conditions2026-26-03051/16/2026
Aluminium is widely used across various industries due to its lightweight properties, high strength-to-weight ratio, and cost-effectiveness. However, its susceptibility to corrosion, particularly in harsh environmental conditions, presents challenges to its long-term durability and performance. To mitigate these issues, nickel plating was applied as a protective measure, creating a barrier to minimize aluminium’s direct exposure to corrosive environments and enhance its resistance to degradation. In this study, nickel-plated aluminium was subjected to controlled corrosion testing under simulated real-world conditions, including humidity, saline atmospheres. The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and longevity of nickel plating as a corrosion prevention method. Periodic observations and measurements were conducted to monitor material changes, such as surface degradation, corrosion pattern and corrosion increasing rate. The findings highlight the critical role of plating
Narain, Aditya, Venugopal, Sivakumar, Gopalan, Vijaysankar, Varatharajan, Senthilkumaran
Hydrogen Embrittlement in Galvanized High Carbon Steel Components of Automotive Seat Slider Assembly2026-26-03021/16/2026
This research paper investigates the failure of an isolator clip used in the seat slider assembly, which guides and restricts the sliding motion of the tooth bracket within the seat. The component is made of C80 high-carbon spring steel, known for its high strength. According to the manufacturing process details, zinc plating was applied to the component for corrosion protection, as confirmed by EDS analysis. A fractographic examination of the failed part revealed a brittle, intergranular fracture morphology with visible cracks. Certain areas also exhibited micro-void coalescence, indicating a dimpled fracture surface. The primary failure mode was intergranular (IG) fracture. The delayed fracture was attributed to intergranular fracture mechanisms, micro-void coalescence, and the high strength of the steel, which made the component susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement occurs when hydrogen atoms become trapped along the grain boundaries, where they form hydrogen
Saindane, Mehul Kishor, Bali, Shirish
Plating, Brush, General RequirementsAMS2451E (Current)12/10/2025
This specification and its supplementary slash specifications establish the requirements for electrodeposition of metals by brush plating.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Chromium, Hard DepositAMS2406R (Current)12/3/2025
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited hard chromium plate.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Gold, for Thermal ControlAMS2425G (Current)9/23/2025
This specification covers the requirements for gold deposited on metal surfaces and the properties of the deposit.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Reducing the Waste of Plating Solution for Magnetostrictive Torque Sensors2024-32-00064/18/2025
The power assist system of an electric bicycle uses a magnetostrictive torque sensor to detect the pedal force based on the magnetic properties of the crankshaft, which change according to stress. Fe–Ni alloy plating is used to coat the surface of the crankshaft with a magnetic film to enhance the magnetostrictive effect. However, the sensor performance decreases as the plating solution degrades, which necessitates replacement of the plating solution. In this study, experiments were performed to investigate how to prevent or mitigate degradation of the plating solution to reduce waste. The amounts of carbon and sulfur in the magnetic film were found to increase with degradation of the plating solution. The carbon derived from organic reducing agents and their decomposition products, and the sulfur derived from stress relievers and their decomposition products. A method was developed for reducing the amounts of carbon and sulfur in the magnetic film, which would help maintain the sensor
Ohnishi, Hiromichi
Plating, Zinc-Nickel Alloy (12 to 16% Ni)AMS2461B (Current)3/5/2025
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited zinc-nickel on metal parts, including fasteners and other standard parts.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
SHIELD TERMINATION, SOLDER STYLE, INSULATED, HEAT-SHRINKABLE, ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT WITH PRE-INSTALLED LEADS FOR CABLES HAVING TIN OR SILVER PLATED SHIELDS (CLASS I)AS83519/2B (Historical)2/25/2025
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
SHIELD TERMINATION, SOLDER STYLE, INSULATED, HEAT-SHRINKABLE, ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT FOR CABLES HAVING TIN OR SILVER PLATED SHIELDS (CLASS I)AS83519/1C (Current)2/25/2025
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Plating, Silver Nickel Strike, High BakeAMS2410M (Current)12/5/2024
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited silver on other metals, usually with a nickel strike between the basis metal and the silver.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Cadmium Low Hydrogen Embrittlement ProcessAMS2401L (Current)12/5/2024
This specification covers the engineering requirements for cadmium deposited on ferrous and nonferrous metals using a low hydrogen embrittlement (LHE) electroplating process.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Correlation between Cell Thickness Profile and Lithium Plating: Applications in Lithium Plating Detection and Capacity Rollover Diagnostics2024-01-700911/15/2024
In the realm of low-altitude flight power systems, such as electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL), ensuring the safety and optimal performance of batteries is of utmost importance. Lithium (Li) plating, a phenomenon that affects battery performance and safety, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study investigates the intricate relationship between Li plating and the growth profile of cell thickness in Li-ion batteries. Previous research often overlooked this critical aspect, but our investigation reveals compelling insights. Notably, even during early stage of capacity fade (~ 5%), Li plating persists, leading to a remarkable final cell thickness growth exceeding 20% at an alarming 80% capacity fade. These findings suggest the potential of utilizing cell thickness growth as a novel criterion for qualifying and selecting cells, in addition to the conventional measure of capacity degradation. Monitoring the growth profile of cell thickness can enhance the
Zhang, Jian, Zheng, Yiting
Effect of Separator on Sodium Deposition and Performance of Anode-Free Sodium Metal Batteries2024-01-433111/5/2024
Anode-free sodium metal batteries (AFSMBs) with initial zero sodium anodes are promising energy-storage devices to achieve high energy density and low cost. The morphology and reversibility of sodium controls the cycling lifespan of the AFSMBs, which is directly affected by the separator. Here, we compared the sodium deposition and corresponding electrochemical behaviors under the influence of three commercial separators, which were Celgard 2500, Al2O3-coated PP separator and glass fiber (denoting as 2500, C-PP and GF). Firstly, the reversibility of sodium plating/stripping was tested using half-cells, where coulombic efficiencies were stable at ~99.89% for C-PP and GF compare to 99.65% for 2500, indicating more dead sodium were formed for 2500. Then, the morphologies of deposited sodium were compared using optical microscopy. Compared to inhomogeneous sodium growth under 2500, C-PP obtained more flatter sodium layer with less height difference, attributing to the high mechanical
Qin, Nan, Jin, Liming, Zheng, Jim P.
Plating, Bronze Nitriding Stop-off 90Cu - 10SnAMS2429F (Current)10/8/2024
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited bronze plate and its subsequent removal.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Electroless Nickel-PhosphorousAMS2404K (Current)10/1/2024
This specification covers the requirements for electroless nickel with phosphorus deposited on various materials.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, TinAMS2408L (Current)9/18/2024
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposition of tin on metals and the properties of the deposit.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Nickel-Cadmium DiffusedAMS2416N (Current)9/18/2024
This specification covers the requirements for an electrodeposit of cadmium diffused into an electrodeposit of nickel on carbon, low-alloy, and corrosion-resistant steels.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Zinc-Nickel Alloy (12 to 16% Ni)AMS2461A (Historical)8/1/2024
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited zinc-nickel on metal parts, including fasteners and other standard parts.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Enhancing the Performance of All-Solid-State BatteriesTBMG-511798/1/2024
A research team from Pohang University has successfully enhanced the performance and durability of all-solid-state batteries. This breakthrough was made possible through the implementation of a novel approach known as bottom electrodeposition.
Manufacturing Sequence for Fabrication of High-Strength Steel Parts 300M or 4340 Modified Low-Alloy Steels 270,000 psi (1860 MPa) Tensile Strength and HigherARP1631A (Current)6/24/2024
This document establishes the requirements for the sequencing of processes relating to parts fabricated from 300M or 4340 modified steel heat treated to, or to be heat treated to, 270,000 psi (1860 MPa) minimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and higher.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Plating, Silver-RhodiumAMS2413G (Current)2/16/2024
This specification covers the requirements for a layer of electrodeposited silver followed by a layer of electrodeposited rhodium.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Silver for High Temperature ApplicationsAMS2411K (Current)2/12/2024
This specification covers requirements for silver deposited on metal parts with a nickel strike between the basis metal and the silver deposit.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, ZincAMS2402M (Current)1/16/2024
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited zinc plating.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
SHIELD TERMINATION, SOLDER STYLE, INSULATED, HEAT-SHRINKABLE, ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT FOR CABLES HAVING TIN OR SILVER PLATED SHIELDS (CLASS I)AS83519/1B (Historical)8/1/2023
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Vehicle Outer Body Panel Oil Canning Performance Prediction Using Machine Learning2023-01-50487/31/2023
Thin plates buckle after applying load and return to normal position after the load is released, this process is called oil canning. Waviness in thin panels can be seen on various plates of metals. Oil canning is a major issue if panels are too thin and these panels create vibration and noise in the vehicle body panel. If the panels are wider, then there are more chances of oil canning issues. Different digital simulations and physical techniques are currently available to check the canning performance, but they required geometrical data and physical setup. In this paper machine learning (ML) approach to predict the oil canning performance is presented. This approach adds a new process to the existing process of vehicle door design, but it helps avoid the number of simulations and unwanted structural modifications at the early design stage, making it a handy and powerful tool for the designer.
Kulkarni, Prasad Ramesh, Sahu, Dilip, Khatavkar, Akshay, Hursad, Tushar Haridas, Patil, Sanjay, Belur, Nikhil
Plating, Brush, Tin-Zinc Low Hydrogen EmbrittlementAMS2451/10C (Current)6/27/2023
This specification covers the requirements for brush plating of tin-zinc by electrodeposition.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Brush, Zinc-Nickel Low Hydrogen EmbrittlementAMS2451/9C (Current)5/24/2023
This specification covers the requirements for brush plating of zinc-nickel by electrodeposition.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Tin-Lead (Electrodeposited)AMSP81728C (Current)5/24/2023
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited tin-lead plating intended for use as a coating for corrosion protection and as a base for soldering.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
O-Ring, Preformed, Straight Thread Tube Fitting Boss, Type I Hydraulic (-65 to 160 °F)AMSP5510B (Current)4/12/2023
This specification covers requirements for the material, design, testing and packaging of straight thread tube fitting boss O-rings. O-rings covered by this specification are acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Analysis of the Thermodynamic Effects of a Plate Based on Numerical Simulations2023-01-07654/11/2023
Heat transfer is a common phenomenon in engineering applications, and selecting an appropriate material is vital. When the heat is exchanged between two mediums, the wall or material in-between them is exposed to extreme temperatures (high and low), commonly known as a cooling or heating plate. This article proposes a finite difference formulation to determine the temperature distribution of a plate for a 2D steady-state heat conduction equation. This formulation is then applied to a specific plate shape with particular boundary conditions. A MATLAB code is proposed to formulate the heat conduction equation using a finite difference approach. The proposed methodology can be used to determine the temperature distribution of a plate along with boundary conditions defined by the user, including plate size, size of the resolution in both axes (horizontal and vertical), heat flux, and thermal conductivity. Finally, the results of the proposed methodology are verified by modeling. The novel
Azeem, Naqash, Qaisar, Abdul, Asary, Abdul Rab, Khan, Razi
Plating, ChromiumAMS2460B (Current)2/6/2023
This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited chromium plating.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Cadmium Plate Cyclic Corrosion TestAIR6130B (Current)1/25/2023
14-day material test to determine the cyclic effects of runway deicing compounds on cadmium plated parts.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
Plating, Brush, Nickel Low-Stress, Low-Hardness DepositAMS2451/3D (Current)11/22/2022
This specification covers the requirements for brush plating of low-hardness, low-stress nickel by electrodeposition.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Thermal Comparison of FR4 and IMS PCB Technology for Power Electronics Applications: Case Study for Automotive Industry.SAE-PP-0030510/28/2022
The electrification megatrend in the automotive industry relies heavily on power semiconductor devices for converter and inverter realization. The stringent weight and size reduction targets prescribed by vehicle manufacturers often results in excessive thermal stresses on power semiconductors leading to failures. These failures can be controlled by systematic thermal management strategies including proper PCB designing. This paper focuses on modeling of different PCB technologies i.e., FR4 and IMS PCB in RC model and comparing its performance. Thermal performance is the ability to efficiently transfer heat to the ambient from the heat source like power semiconductor devices (MOSFET, IGBT, Diodes), it plays a crucial role in determining the reliability and size of power electronics systems. This paper compares the thermal performance of FR4 PCB and Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) PCB, one dimensional analysis is performed to analyses the thermal performance; the calculations results is
PATIL, DIPALI
Research on the Dynamic Safety Boundary of Fast Charging Based on the Modified P2D Model of Lithium Plating2022-01-703510/28/2022
With the worldwide trends in mobile electrification, consumers' demand for fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to grow. However, due to the defects of the current mainstream vehicle-mounted lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), lithium plating will occur at the anode during charging at high current rates, reducing battery life and even causing serious safety problems. In this paper, a pseudo two-dimensional (P2D) model integrated with lithium plating and SEI growth reaction is established to simulate the aging behavior of the battery during the cycle aging process. After verifying the model, we set up simulation conditions to quantitatively analyze the relationship between battery operating temperature, charging rate and cycle life, as well as the causes of capacity attenuation under each operating condition. By analyzing the simulation results, we found that lithium deposition can be predicted based on the overpotential, which can provide guidance for healthy and efficient fast
Gao, Zhenhai, Xie, Haicheng, Zhang, Lisheng, Yu, Hanqing, Ma, Bin, Liu, Xinhua, Chen, Siyan
Plating, Brush, Nickel Low Stress, Hard DepositAMS2451/2B (Current)10/20/2022
This specification covers the requirements and process controls for brush plating of hard, low stress nickel by electrodeposition.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Chromium, PorousAMS2407G (Current)9/14/2022
This specification covers requirements for electrodeposited porous chromium plate.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Experimental Analysis of Welding Quality with Tungsten Material by Resistance Welding Process (Projection Welding)SAE-PP-002928/10/2022
This paper explains about the key performance of specific material Tungsten electrode combination with Copper alloy to have a improved quality in Projection spot welding process, This copper alloy is specific combination than the regular Copper alloys, it will improve the conductivity, also the current flow is higher than the specification, it gives improved welding quality, the wear out of the materials is reducing trend so the life time of electrode is increased. The strength of the welded steel was found to increase in push of load test, The wear behavior of the copper alloy and tungsten composite revealed long time usage it gives more lifetime.
Sekar, Raja, Sami, Dr.K.Guru, Rajeswari, Dr. N
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ProcessAMS7003A (Current)8/5/2022
This specification establishes process controls for the repeatable production of aerospace parts by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). It is intended to be used for aerospace parts manufactured using Additive Manufacturing (AM) metal alloys, but usage is not limited to such applications.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Plating of Aluminum for Solderability Zinc Immersion Pre-Treatment ProcessAMS2420F (Current)7/19/2022
This specification covers the requirements for preparation of aluminum and aluminum alloys for soldering by zinc immersion pre-treatment followed by copper plating and tin or tin-zinc alloy plating.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Nickel Hard DepositAMS2423F (Current)7/19/2022
This specification covers the engineering requirements for electrodeposition of a hard nickel and the properties of the deposit.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Elastomer: Chloroprene Rubber (CR) Weather Resistant 35 - 45AMS3240L (Current)6/13/2022
This specification covers a chloroprene rubber (CR) that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes such as window channels, bumper pads, chafing strips, etc. For molded rings, compression seals, molded O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications, use the equivalent AMS7XXX specification.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Elastomer: Chloroprene Rubber (CR) Weather Resistant 55 - 65AMS3241K (Current)6/13/2022
This specification covers a chloroprene (CR) rubber that can be used to manufacture product in the form of sheet, strip, tubing, extrusions, and molded shapes such as window channels, bumper pads, chafing strips, etc. For molded rings, compression seals, molded O-ring cord, and molded-in-place gaskets for aeronautical and aerospace applications, use the equivalent AMS7XXX specification.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
Polyimide Printed Circuit Boards Fabrication ofARP1612A (Current)6/5/2022
This document describes the materials, equipment, and processing techniques utilized in the fabrication of polyimide printed wiring boards. Included are recommendations for both double-sided and multilayer boards.
AMS P17 Polymer Matrix Composites Committee
Plating, Brush Copper General PurposeAMS2451/6B (Current)5/25/2022
This specification establishes the requirements for brush plating of copper by electrodeposition.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Plating, Brush, SilverAMS2451/13A (Current)5/24/2022
This specification covers the engineering requirements and process for brush plating of silver by electrodeposition. It shall be used, in conjunction with AMS2451, for silver deposits.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
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