In the realm of low-altitude flight power systems, such as electric vertical
take-off and landing (eVTOL), ensuring the safety and optimal performance of
batteries is of utmost importance. Lithium (Li) plating, a phenomenon that
affects battery performance and safety, has garnered significant attention in
recent years.
This study investigates the intricate relationship between Li plating and the
growth profile of cell thickness in Li-ion batteries. Previous research often
overlooked this critical aspect, but our investigation reveals compelling
insights. Notably, even during early stage of capacity fade (~ 5%), Li plating
persists, leading to a remarkable final cell thickness growth exceeding 20% at
an alarming 80% capacity fade.
These findings suggest the potential of utilizing cell thickness growth as a
novel criterion for qualifying and selecting cells, in addition to the
conventional measure of capacity degradation. Monitoring the growth profile of
cell thickness can enhance the safety and operational efficiency of lithium-ion
batteries in low-altitude flight systems. Furthermore, this study proposes an
innovative approach for onboard Li plating detection by considering signals
related to cell thickness data. This method reduces computational demands,
enhancing detection efficiency—a vital advancement for real-time monitoring in
low-altitude flight power systems. Moreover, our research establishes a strong
correlation between the occurrence of Li plating and the loss of active material
in the negative electrode, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms and
emphasizing the need to mitigate this phenomenon.
Overall, this study significantly contributes to the existing research focused on
improving the safety and efficiency of lithium-ion batteries in low-altitude
flight applications. By emphasizing robust detection techniques for Li plating,
we pave the way for safer and more efficient power sources in this rapidly
evolving field.