Browse Topic: Standardization

Items (1,239)
Find
North American CAV Performance Data StandardWP-00157/22/2026
As the deployment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) expands, the need for a consistent, cross-industry approach to performance relevant CAV data exchange is becoming more pressing. Vehicle developers, infrastructure owners and operators (IOOs), and technology providers generate and consume data that support safety, mobility, and operational efficiency, yet much of the data remains fragmented, inconsistently formatted, and difficult to reuse across systems. To address these gaps, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) convened a multi-stakeholder workshop on November 3, 2025, with participants representing original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), automated driving system (ADS) developers, state and local agencies, standards bodies, and technology partners. The workshop focused on identifying challenges, clarifying needs, and outlining a path toward a North American CAV Performance Data Standard. Key themes from the workshop included: -The need for a shared data language to support safe and interoperable CAV operations. -The lack of consistent formatting, labeling and visibility regarding who produces and consumes data. -A “start small, iterate and scale” approach beginning with well-defined use cases. -The need for technical harmonization and governance structures that build trust and support sustained coordination. This white paper summarizes the key findings and outlines a practical approach to developing a Version 0.1 base-layer data standard that can support measurable progress in 2026 and beyond.
Nesheli, Mahmood
A Review of UAV Support Technologies for Low-Altitude Airspace Operation and Management2026-99-05977/10/2026
In recent years, with the low-altitude economy developing rapidly, the operation and management of low-altitude airspace has gradually become a hot topic. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) constitute a fundamental component of the low-altitude airspace ecosystem, significantly influencing its structure and functionality. The technological advancement of UAVs has fundamentally transformed the operational paradigm for low-altitude airspace management. This paper presents a comprehensive review of UAV-supported technologies in the context of low-altitude airspace operations and management. It systematically analyzes key technologies and applications of UAVs in areas such as airspace capacity and safety assessment, trajectory planning, and standardized flight management. Drawing from kinematic analysis and traffic flow theory, UAV density control and collision risk prediction offer quantitative insights into airspace capacity evaluation. Additionally, probabilistic analysis and simulation techniques enhance the accuracy and efficiency of safety assessments. In trajectory planning, multi-objective optimization algorithms tailored to operational scenarios—such as logistics delivery and agricultural operations—have significantly improved the utilization of airspace resources. Concurrently, collision avoidance techniques leveraging graph search, numerical optimization, and machine learning ensure flight safety in complex environments. Standardized flight management relies on pilot qualification review, airworthiness certification, and planning standardization, while discussing airspace segmentation strategies based on geofencing and intelligent control systems. Future developments in UAV-supported technologies are expected to trend toward higher precision, intelligence, and regulatory integration. By incorporating cutting-edge fields such as deep reinforcement learning and digital integration, these technologies are poised to further enhance the efficiency and safety of low-altitude airspace management, thereby providing robust technical support for the sustainable growth of the low-altitude economy.
Gong, Lei, Ma, Zhenxiao, Luo, Qin
Study of Matchmaking Matching of Multi -Tasking System Module in the Motor Caravan2026-99-05037/10/2026
As a special vehicle, motor caravans have high customer demand and expectations for product quality under current market conditions. At the same time, customers generally have strong demands for functional differentiation and modification. To meet the requirements, manufacturers need to redesign and construct the production process platform, including redesigning and transforming various functional unit modules on the vehicle. For example, the flexibility of production process platform systems, standardization of electrical interfaces, and modularization of functional units, etc. In the implementation process, by embedding flexible architecture into the existing universal process system, motor caravans modification can be flexibly organized according to customer orders and requirements while ensuring streamlined production. In the implementation process, the focus of the new installation process system is to match the electrical systems inside the vehicle, ensuring not only the matching between different unit systems, but also the compatibility between the new installation system and the original vehicle system. When formulating the modification process, it is necessary to meet the actual usage requirements and environmental conditions of the motor caravans, while also considering the speed of production organization. The beginning of in car modification often means rebuilding local systems, and whether the compatibility and compatibility of the overall system modules are complete is the ultimate goal pursued by modification production enterprises. In the research process, methods such as comparison, literature review, and examples were used to attempt to illustrate the role of flexible process system architecture in promoting motor caravans modification, especially personalized and differentiated modification, in the context of rapid development of the contemporary automotive industry. Especially in today's rapidly developing advanced control technology of artificial AI, breaking down the whole into smaller parts and standardizing them one by one is of great significance for improving production efficiency and enhancing the automation level of process systems.
Li, Sheng
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IIB-994_VOLUME27/1/2026
Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2026 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2026 Volume II focuses on non-conventional processes and will be published each year. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2026 - Volume IB-994_VOLUME17/1/2026
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2026 supersedes MMPDS-25 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener systems, and with the review process of existing information, periodic updates of the MMPDS should be expected. As such, it is recommended that the latest version of the MMPDS be used. Volume II: Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies.
A Review of Welding Techniques in Metal Additive Manufacturing: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions05-19-04-00296/10/2026
The present review evaluates recent advances in the development of Welding-Based Additive Manufacturing (WBAM) technologies using arc, high-energy density, solid-state, and hybrid welding systems by providing an interdisciplinary assessment of technological aspects, sensing, process optimization, and multi-process strategies. It is concluded that, in spite of considerable progress in process optimization and control, there exist numerous paradoxes associated with relationships among process conditions, structure, and properties, especially those related to heat input effects on material microstructure and performance. An important finding is the fragmentation of predictive modeling approaches, where physics-based and data-driven methods remain inadequately integrated, limiting generalizability and accuracy. Another important conclusion is related to the dominance of the effect of thermal history and multi-physical phenomena on the mechanical performance of the material produced by WBAM technologies. Besides, the complexity and contradiction in defect generation mechanisms, monitoring, and evaluation methodologies restrict the development of process standardization and certification. New directions in intelligent fabrication based on artificial intelligence and digital twins are identified.
Santhana Babu, A.V., John Rajan, A., Mishra, Aishwary, Chakravarthy, P., Jayabalakrishnan, D.
Evaluating Volume and Hardness change in Fluorocarbon and Ethylene Propylene Rubber Elastomers: Effects of Fluid Aging2026-26-07586/1/2026
Abstract: This research paper investigates the performance of FKM (Fluorocarbon) seal material when exposed to a 50:50 ethylene glycol-water mixture. The study aims to determine the volume change percentage and Hardness change of FKM elastomers under standardized testing conditions. The experimental approach follows ASTM D471 and ASTM 2240 guidelines, focusing on weight and hardness measurements of the test samples to establish a success criterion. The results provide critical insights into the chemical compatibility and durability of FKM elastomers in Aerospace and industrial applications where ethylene glycol-water mixtures are commonly used. The findings contribute to enhanced material selection and design considerations for sealing applications subjected to glycol-based fluids. Samples of FKM material were immersed in the fluid at controlled temperatures and durations, simulating real-world operational conditions. The primary metric of interest, volume change percentage and Hardness change, were assessed through precision measurement techniques. Weight changes before and after immersion were also recorded to correlate material absorption characteristics with the success criteria. Success thresholds were established based on industry requirements for seal integrity and operational reliability. Preliminary results indicate that FKM exhibits minimal volume expansion and hardness change under specified conditions, aligning with the acceptance criteria. These findings support the suitability of FKM seals for long-term use in coolant systems, with implications for material selection and design in demanding applications. This research contributes to the development of durable sealing solutions, ensuring reliability and safety in systems utilizing ethylene glycol-based coolants. Keywords: FKM, Volume Expansion, ASTM D471
Yarolkar, Makrand, Patil, Sandip, Singh, Tanul
Zero Waste Manufacturing in Aerospace: Circular Design Approaches from Concept to End-of-Life2026-26-07756/1/2026
Achieving zero-waste manufacturing in aerospace requires a shift from end-of-pipe waste mitigation toward circular design principles embedded early in product development. This paper presents a practical framework for integrating circularity into aerospace systems through five design pillars: design for modularity and disassembly, material substitution to enhance recyclability, waste segregation and characterization, component-level circularity readiness scoring, and collaborative supplier engagement. To operationalize this approach, a Circularity Readiness Assessment Tool (CRAT) is developed to evaluate design alternatives against criteria such as disassembly ease, material recyclability, manufacturing waste potential, end-of-life recovery pathways, and supplier take-back mechanisms. The framework supports multi-criteria decision-making by complementing traditional aerospace design drivers including weight, performance, cost, and safety. The methodology is demonstrated through a case study of an aircraft seating system. Scenario-based analysis indicates that targeted circular design interventions can reduce material waste and lifecycle carbon emissions while maintaining functional and regulatory requirements. Emphasizing practical engineering workflows rather than exhaustive lifecycle modeling, this work provides a scalable foundation for embedding circular design into aerospace product development and advancing zero-waste manufacturing objectives.
S, Chaitra
Reliability Program StandardJA1000_202108 (Current)5/26/2026
This SAE standard establishes the requirement for suppliers to plan a reliability program that satisfies the following three requirements: a The supplier shall ascertain customer requirements b The supplier shall meet customer requirements c The supplier shall assure that customer requirements have been met
G-41 Reliability
Adaptive Speed-Regulated Impedance Control for Robotic Ultrasound Scanning: Reducing Constant-Force Tracking Errors2026-99-07515/15/2026
Robotic ultrasound scanning technology is a research hotspot in the field of medical imaging, and can achieve standardized and high-precision data acquisition. However, large force tracking errors occur during scanning, especially in complex human tissues, which can severely degrade image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, we propose an adaptive speed-regulated impedance control strategy to address this challenge, which innovatively combines the spline real-time interpolation and impedance control for constant force tracking. Firstly, the discrete ultrasound scanning paths are fitted to generate a smooth and synchronized interpolation trajectory. Then, the speed of the reference trajectory is adjusted in real time based on the Taylor formula to reduce the force tracking error. Experimental verification was conducted, and the results showed that the force tracking error increases with the increase of trajectory speed. In addition, at high speeds (e.g., 10 mm/s), the mean/variance of the force tracking error of the proposed method (0.3067N/0.2784) is reduced by 31.1%/37.4% respectively compared with the mean/variance of the traditional impedance control (0.4452N/0.4448), fully demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Min, Kang, Zhang, Le, Shi, Yudong, Fang, Jin, Mo, Hangjie, Li, Xiaojian
Pattern-Guided Implicit Sentiment Analysis: Knowledge-Augmented Prompting with Aspect-Sentiment Joint Extraction for Automotive User Feedback2026-99-07535/15/2026
Implicit sentiment analysis of automotive user feedback is crucial for understanding user opinions. Automotive user feedback often express opinions in an indirect way and are accompanied by a dense array of industry terms. Therefore, without costly fine-tuning, both aspect identification and sentiment analysis are rather difficult. We propose a Pattern-Guided pipeline for implicit sentiment analysis to achieve the joint extraction of aspect and sentiment. This pipeline first performs Pattern Anchoring, mapping colloquial expressions and slang to the standardized vehicle component knowledge system. Then, using Knowledge-Augmented Prompting, these domain rules are injected into well-designed prompt templates. In this pipeline, the large language model (LLM) is applied to output JSON records suitable for comprehending, including aspects, sentiments, confidence levels, and brief reasons. To enhance stability, we employ an improved prompt and consistency-driven confidence fusion to generate multiple JSON records with confidence-building rules. The generated JSON records further enter the Attribution & Aggregation layer, which is used to cluster negative feedback, merge synonymous expressions, and generate traceable query summaries and priority signals. On a corpus containing 2,062 Chinese samples, the 7B open-source model qwen1.5-7b-chat achieved an accuracy rate of 94.7%, outperforming supervised fine-tuning at 93.1% and direct classification at 92.7%, and approaching qwen-plus at 95.7%. In a case study focusing on the Volkswagen Magotan, this method compressed 137 negative comments into traceable and sortable problem clusters. The code and data are available at https://github.com/ppg94/Implicit-Sentiment-Joint-Extraction-Automotive.
Chang, Gengjia, Deng, Zuxing, Ma, Aonan, Yao, Jiangqi, Li, Xiaojian, Li, Ling
The Cure for Overgrown Process Garden or Why Engineers Have Given Up with ASPICE2026-01-00674/7/2026
The useability of development processes in the automotive sector has decreased in the past years to a level at which their application and true benefit to is being questioned. Such degradation can be attributed to new additions to the processes and introduction of FuSa and Cybersecurity standards. The processes try to keep up with the shift from the traditional ‘plan–implement–test–roll-out' methodology to more agile methods. In addition, process departments typically in charge of these processes, focus on compliance to the letter of the standard to achieve certification, often with little thought to the actual implementation and the process they will be used by their engineering teams. Process growth to meet the needs of new and more complex technologies often mandates the use of new tools, which if implemented incorrectly can lead to unnecessary bureaucracy and additional overheads. Furthermore, the language of these new processes is in a form from assessor, making it difficult for an engineer to understand, interpret and implement. As a result, engineers become annoyed, losing productivity and motivation when working with what they perceive as burdensome standards, that simply exist to slow development. This has a huge impact on the competitiveness of companies especially in markets that are facing existential threats from internal and external pressures such as the automotive industry. Against popular belief, the application of generative AI (and large language models) will not solve the problem. On the contrary, it risks automating complex processes in the same unfamiliar language and creating documents to serve process overhead, rather than engineering development. This paper presents inefficiencies in the current state-of-the art processes used in the automotive sector and proposes a structured approach that increases the efficiency of automotive software development. It does so by documenting and implementing development processes based on how engineers actually perform their work. In the second step the adjustments that are necessary to ensure compliance of the product with industry standards are made. Such an approach produces efficient, compact and compliant process definition.
Weber, Matthias, Kmiec, Mateusz, Romijn, Marcel, Nedkov, Detelin
New Era of Automotive Cybersecurity2026-01-00864/7/2026
The automotive industry is evolving from a reactive, independently self-determined approach to cybersecurity, complicated by a complex supply chain. Over time, this has resulted in a fragmented industry comprised of any number of proprietary solutions verses a standardized, regulated paradigm to facilitate a platform-oriented approach. This document, an update on collaborative work from the SAE Vehicle Electrical Hardware Security Task Force (TEVEES18B) and GlobalPlatform Automotive Task Force, outlines this transition strategy. An extensible number of additional examples of use cases of Global Platform Technologies are explored in this document.
Mazzara, Bill, Rawlings, Craig
Evolutionary Paths Toward Vehicle Zonal E/E Architecture: A Unified Architectural Framework2026-01-00714/7/2026
The automotive industry is undergoing a fundamental transformation in Electrical/Electronic (E/E) architecture, evolving from traditional distributed and domain-based designs toward zonal configurations. The rapid growth of software-defined functionality, cross-domain integration, and centralized computing has exposed inherent limitations of legacy architectures in scalability, wiring complexity, and system integration. Zonal E/E architecture addresses these challenges by consolidating computing and Input/Output (I/O) resources into high-performance controllers distributed across physical zones of a vehicle. This transformation, however, cannot occur instantaneously, as contemporary vehicle designs and E/E system solutions are the result of decades of incremental development based on distributed and domain-based paradigms. Moreover, key enabling technologies for zonal E/E architecture—such as high-performance Central Compute Platform (CCP) and zonal controllers, high-speed automotive Ethernet, and standardized software architecture—are still maturing. To ensure safety, reliability, and cost-effectiveness, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) must therefore adopt carefully planned evolution strategy to progressively consolidate functions, realizing the zonal design step by step. This paper proposes a unified architectural framework that systematically maps the full spectrum of evolutionary paths toward zonal E/E architecture. The framework identifies major transition stages, key engineering activities, and alternative migration paths, including distributed and domain-based architectures, vertical and horizontal function integration, various domain fusion patterns, mixed E/E architecture, continuous function migration to CCP and zonal controllers, and ultimately, the full realization of zonal E/E architecture. By organizing and contrasting these evolutionary paths, the framework provides OEMs with architectural insight and practical guidance for planning low-risk, staged transition toward fully zonal E/E architecture capable of supporting next-generation Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs).
Jiang, Shugang
The Enduring Value of Highly Optimized, Non-Standardized Systems26AERD03_033/1/2026
The roles of aerospace and defense engineers have profoundly changed. Systems integrators and acquisition programs require “standardized openness” while also wishing for boxes that take up less space, weight, and power. Despite the push towards Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA), Sensor Open Systems Architecture (SOSA), and similar open standards, there are still opportunities to use non-standardized, small form factor (SFF) designs. As outlined in the project examples below, a purpose-built SFF module can address technical system requirements better than any current approach focused on open standards.
To Study and Compare Communication Protocol for Fast Charging in Electric Two-Wheeler with Respect to CCS 2.0: An Indian Perspective2026-26-01981/16/2026
This comprehensive research presents an in-depth analysis of communication protocols essential for implementing fast charging systems in India's rapidly expanding electric two-wheeler and three-wheeler market. As India witnesses unprecedented growth in electric mobility, with two-wheelers representing over 95% of current EV sales, the establishment of standardized, secure, and efficient charging protocols becomes paramount for widespread adoption. This study examines the current landscape of AC charging methodologies, evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of DC fast charging implementation, and provides detailed comparative analysis of existing international standards including IS 17017-25, IS 17017-31, ChaoJi, and CCS 2.0. The research concludes with strategic recommendations for developing cyber-secure, cost-effective charging infrastructure specifically tailored to meet India's unique market requirements and operational constraints.
Uthaman, Sreekumar, Mulay, Abhijit B
Vehicle Usage Digital Twins: Mobility Analysis Test Case2026-26-03941/16/2026
In the evolving landscape of the automotive industry, this study presents an innovative approach to developing digital twins for driver profiles, establishing a standardized and scalable procedure for collecting and analyzing driving data on a global scale. The proposed methodology centers on the development of a robust cloud infrastructure, including Data Lake and associated services, designed for efficient storage and processing of large volumes of data from multiple markets and vehicle types. The research introduces an adaptable procedure for data collection campaigns, applicable to diverse global markets and encompassing a wide range of vehicles, from internal combustion engines to electric and hybrid models. A key feature of this approach is the establishment of advanced data decoding protocols, enabling precise interpretation of CAN network information from vehicles of different manufacturers and models, even when the CAN structure is not previously known. The study defines standardized parameters for data recording, ensuring comparability across different markets and vehicle types, while developing adaptive analysis methodologies to identify specific driving patterns based on vehicle segment, propulsion technology, and demographic characteristics. This comprehensive approach is underpinned by a framework that ensures compliance with data protection regulations globally, facilitating ethical and legal data management across different jurisdictions. The anticipated outcomes include the creation of a highly flexible data-as-a-service platform capable of integrating and analyzing driver data worldwide, and the establishment of a standardized procedure for characterizing driver profiles. The development of advanced vehicular data decoding capabilities allows for the inclusion of a wide variety of brands and models, enabling truly global insights into driver behavior. This study lays the groundwork for a global understanding of driver behavior, providing automotive manufacturers with a powerful tool to adapt their designs to the needs of users worldwide, accelerating innovation in vehicle design and improving the safety of future vehicles.
Arturo, Rubio, Marín Saltó, Anna, Diaz, Francisco, Olivencia, Sergio
Considerations for Vulnerability Management in the Automotive Industry2026-26-06261/16/2026
With the emergence of Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs), more complex software and connectivity technologies are introduced to support new advanced use cases such as phone as a key, smart parking and vehicle management. However, complex software functionality and external connectivity also increase the attack surface of vehicles and its ecosystem. In this paper, we first perform a classification of recent automotive cybersecurity attacks. We further perform an analysis of these attacks and associated vulnerabilities considering the application of best practices of vulnerability management approaches including Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), Exploit Prediction Scoring System (EPSS), and Stakeholder-Specific Vulnerability Categorization (SSVC). CVSS is a standardized framework used to assign severity scores to known vulnerabilities and helps organizations prioritize vulnerability remediation based on severity. EPSS is a predictive model that estimates the probability of a vulnerability being exploited in the next 30 days and complements CVSS by focusing on real-world likelihood of exploitation rather than just severity. SSVC is a decision-making framework for vulnerability handling to help organizations make appropriate remediation decisions considering the specific situation based on, e.g., exploitation activity, mission prevalence and public well-being. We discuss the challenges and benefits of using these different vulnerability management approaches to help automotive organizations manage risks and prioritize handling of vulnerabilities. As auto manufacturers are responsible for the cybersecurity during the lifecycle of their fleet of vehicles, we stress the importance of analyzing and assessing vulnerabilities in a systemic way in order to timely address newly detected vulnerabilities with appropriate responses.
Oka, Dennis Kengo, Vadamalu, Raja Sangili
Configurable and Standardized Test Case Generation Using VBA Script2026-26-05571/16/2026
Test Cases play a vital and very important role in the Software and System testing field to verify the functionality as per requirements and meet customer expectations. The traditional approach of test case generation in the testing field is predominantly manual, time consuming, and prone to human error but less expensive. Each tester tends to have their own approach to creating test cases, experience-based test scenarios might not be covered leading to inconsistencies, and lack of standardization. This lack of uniformity can cause testing deficiencies and make it difficult to ensure comprehensive test coverage. The objective is to develop an automation framework to generate standardized, configurable, modular, reusable, and human error free test cases as per user defined inputs based on system requirement specifications. The framework proposed in this study is known as the Automated Test Case Generator tool. This framework is designed using Visual Basic Applications (VBA) Scripts, in which Testcase are generated as per ISO-29119-4 and Functional Safety standard (ISO 26262). VBA is a scripting language used for automating repetitive tasks, creating customized forms, providing an interface where users can write and execute code directly using macros, for reusability, and enhance functionality of test cases. The automation framework is designed to adapt to any product line with minimal changes. This streamlines the test case generation process, an efficient, user-friendly solution, promotes consistency, enhances testcase productivity, and provides standardized test cases that are crucial for maintaining high quality products. Through its easy-to-use interface and high degree of customization, this tool provides major benefits for software development teams, particularly in environments where rapid and consistent testing is essential.
Pallavi, Yerragudi, Umarji, Shruti, Tavhare Sr, Sarika, Anilkumar, Sandhya
Study on the Evaluation Indicator System of Intelligent Capacity Optimization on Highways2025-99-025312/23/2025
Intelligent capacity optimization of highways could realize intelligent enhancement of traffic capacity by optimizing traffic management, improving traffic efficiency and enhancing system synergy without significantly increasing physical lanes. However, there was a lack of a unified and perfect index system to scientifically evaluate the effectiveness of such projects. This paper analyzed the basic theory, evaluation indicator structure and system, and puts forward seven key evaluation dimensions, which including traffic efficiency enhancement, traffic safety improvement, economic and cost-benefit, environmental impacts, technology application and innovation, system reliability and resilience, and service experience. This paper screened the specific evaluation indexes of the seven dimensions and proposes the hierarchical structure of the index system and the weight determination method. This paper constructed a comprehensive, multi-dimensional evaluation index system for highway smart expansion projects, aiming to provide scientific basis and standardized tools for the planning, decision-making, implementation effect assessment and continuous optimization of highway smart expansion projects.
Che, Xiaolin, Li, Weichen, Zhu, Lili, Li, Xin, Wang, Lin
Methodology for Characterization and Measurement of Pavement Potholes2025-36-000912/18/2025
Potholes pose significant challenges to road infrastructure and the automotive industry, leading to safety risks, vehicle damage, and increased maintenance costs. These road defects form due to water infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles, heavy traffic, and inadequate maintenance, creating localized depressions with well-defined edges that compromise pavement integrity. Their impact extends to vehicle durability, affecting tires, suspension systems, and chassis components. This study presents a standardized manual methodology for pothole characterization, focusing on geometry, depth, and distribution assessment. Unlike advanced techniques such as LiDAR and GPR, this cost-effective approach requires no specialized equipment, making it accessible and practical for real-world applications. The methodology involves profile measurements, lateral positioning analysis within the lane, and density calculation based on pothole concentration by square kilometers. To validate the methodology was conducted a field data collection in Campinas, Brazil, demonstrating variations in pothole geometry and density, with some locations exhibiting higher deterioration levels. By implementing this methodology, automotive manufacturers can refine suspension systems and enhance vehicle durability, while road maintenance agencies can efficiently allocate resources for infrastructure improvements. Additionally, the findings contribute to urban planning, autonomous vehicle navigation, and geospatial analysis, promoting safer and more sustainable road networks. This research underscores the importance of systematic pothole assessment, bridging the gap between infrastructure management and automotive design. Establishing standardized measurement practices benefits global vehicle development, ensuring consistent durability testing across markets. Ultimately, this methodology provides valuable insights into road conditions, enabling stakeholders to mitigate pothole-related issues and enhance overall transportation safety and efficiency.
Arias, Caio Borges, Dedini, Franco Giuseppe, Eckert, Jony Javorski
Analyzing the Operation of Road Cold Chain Transportation Using Big Data in the Context of Cost Reduction, Quality Improvement, and Efficiency Enhancement2025-99-030312/17/2025
In recent years, the market size of cold chain transportation in China has been expanding, but the industry has problems such as low cold chain circulation rate, low efficiency, high damage rate, and high cost. Under the background of reducing costs and improving quality and efficiency in transportation and logistics, an index set for operational analysis covering average freight rates, daily average number of over-temperature alarm incidents, daily average driving distance, and daily average driving time was established from the perspectives of economic efficiency, quality, and efficiency. Based on data from a third-party platform, including vehicle trajectories, temperatures, speeds, and freight rates, the running situation of road cold chain transportation industry was analyzed. The analysis results show that in 2023, the average freight rate of China’s highway cold chain will rebound, the fluctuation range will significantly narrow, the standardization level of temperature control equipment will continue to improve, the over temperature alarm during transportation will be significantly improved, and the vehicle utilization efficiency and traffic efficiency will be improved.
Li, Sicong, Ye, Jing, Cao, Mengfei
Mobility Reimagined: My First Decade at the Crossroads of ChangeR-57310/9/2025
In Mobility Reimagined, Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid shares an unfiltered, deeply personal account of his first decade navigating the rapidly evolving automotive and mobility sectors. From engineering labs in Malaysia and Japan, to startup scenes in Southeast Asia and Finland, to boardrooms in Europe, keynote stages in China, and virtual standardization sessions with professionals in the US, Umar traces a career shaped by curiosity, courage, and a commitment to democratizing opportunity. As a brown Southeast Asian professional rising in an industry historically shaped by Western and East Asian leadership, Umar offers more than technical insight, he opens a window into what it takes to lead across borders, disrupt legacy systems, and redefine success on his own terms. This book is part strategy guide, part industry overview, and part leadership memoir. It speaks to young professionals, especially those from underrepresented backgrounds, offering hard-won lessons on global expansion, digital transformation, and inclusive leadership. It is also a resource for employers seeking to understand the future of talent and the new frontiers of mobility. Accessible, candid, and sharp, Mobility Reimagined captures the essence of a career, and an industry, at the intersection of innovation, inclusion, and intentional change.
Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2025 - Volume IB-993_VOLUME18/13/2025
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2025 supersedes MMPDS-24 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener systems, and with the review process of existing information, periodic updates of the MMPDS should be expected. As such, it is recommended that the latest version of the MMPDS be used. Volume II: Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies.
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2025 - Volume IIB-993_VOLUME28/13/2025
Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2025 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2025 Volume II focuses on non-conventional processes and will be published each year. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.
Introduction to Technical Standards135248/7/2025
This video series brought to you by SAE International will show you what a standard is, how to interpret what you're reading, and how to differentiate technical standards from other information types.
Patterson, Lori
Reading Standards & Where to Find Them135258/7/2025
In this video series brought to you by SAE International, learn how to find a standard on the SAE Mobilus digital platform and how to read through the document.
Patterson, Lori
High-Resolution Option for the Sottek Hearing Model Tonality2025-01-00935/5/2025
The Sottek Hearing Model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the nuances of sound perception, including such aspects as loudness, tonality, roughness, fluctuation strength, sharpness, and impulsiveness. The principal model was first published more than three decades ago as part of a doctoral thesis. Over the past few decades, the model has been refined and recently standardized in the international standard ECMA 418-2. This standard addresses several psychoacoustic parameters, including a new approach to time-varying loudness based on a nonlinear combination of partial tonal and noise loudness (as part of the tonality). This is the preferable approach because the loudness of tonal components (i.e., tonal loudness) may have a more pronounced impact on loudness perception than the loudness caused by other components (i.e., noise loudness). Other standardized parameters include psychoacoustic modulation analyses. These are roughness, which is employed to evaluate rapidly modulated sounds (standardized in ECMA 418-2 since 2020, updated in 2024), and fluctuation strength, which is an adapted model for slowly modulated sounds (planned for standardization in June 2025). Many practical applications in the automotive sector require order-related results to be displayed. This is challenging when considering the coarse frequency estimate typically provided due to the critical bandwidth of the auditory filters. This resolution is sufficient for psychoacoustic parameter evaluation but not as an input to an order analysis. Improvements have recently been made to the Sottek Hearing Model Tonality to provide results with a very high frequency resolution that allows for accurate order analysis. The paper describes the method and presents several automotive application examples.
Sottek, Roland, Bray, Wade
Accurate Terms and Definitions for Simulation, Accelerated Reliability and Durability Testing, and Successful Efficiency Prediction2025-01-82024/1/2025
This paper reviews the current situation in the terms and definitions that influence the development of testing and prediction in automotive, aerospace and other areas of engineering. The accuracy of these terms and definitions is very important for correct simulation, testing and prediction. This paper aims to define accurate terms and definitions. It also includes the author’s recommendations for improving this situation and preparing new standards.
Klyatis, Lev
Advancing Embedded Systems with VITA 93: A New Era in Modular I/O for Aerospace and Defense25AERP03_013/1/2025
Aerospace and defense system designers are demanding scalable and high-performance I/O solutions. While traditional mezzanine standards have proven reliable, they often fall short of meeting modern bandwidth, size, and flexibility requirements. This challenge is particularly evident in aerospace and defense applications where high-speed data processing must align with stringent size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints. Current mezzanine solutions also face significant limitations in scalability, thermal management, and I/O density. These constraints can lead to compromised system performance and limited upgrade paths in applications where adaptability is crucial. This article explores how the new VITA 93 (QMC) standard addresses these challenges through its innovative QMC architecture, enabling unprecedented flexibility, scalability, and rugged reliability while maintaining compatibility with existing and future systems. It also covers how VITA 93 (QMC) builds on lessons learned from previous standards, blending their best features with new capabilities for the future.
Safety Analysis of Traction Batteries Based on Micro Internal Short Circuit Damage2025-01-70171/31/2025
The internal short circuit of a traction battery is one of the most typical failure mechanisms that can lead to thermal runaway, potentially triggering thermal propagation across the entire battery system. This phenomenon poses significant safety risks, especially in electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems. Therefore, it is essential to explore and understand the internal short circuit behavior to mitigate these risks. One of the most effective testing methods for reproducing an internal short circuit is the penetration test, where specific test conditions must be carefully designed based on the failure behavior. Among these conditions, the penetration step length plays a crucial role, as it directly influences the short circuit dynamics. Despite the importance of penetration step length, there is currently no standardized test procedure that dictates how to select the appropriate step size for different battery samples. This gap in standardization complicates the ability to replicate internal short circuit behavior consistently across various battery chemistries and configurations. In this study, penetration tests were conducted using a thin nail with varying step lengths to better understand the impact of these parameters on the electrical and thermal responses during failure. The analysis of the evolution of electrical and thermal parameters under different conditions provides valuable data for developing a universal test procedure. Such a procedure would facilitate the accurate simulation of internal short circuits, ultimately improving battery safety by helping engineers design more resilient battery systems and establishing benchmarks for industry-wide testing standards.
Wang, Fang, Sun, Zhipeng, Ma, Tianyi, Dai, Xiaoqian, Dai, Ce, Yan, Pengfei, Ma, Xiaole, Chen, Liduo, Ma, Haishuo, Shen, Shaopeng
Standard Coding as an Identification Method for Alternative Fuel VehiclesJ3108/1_202412 (Current)12/12/2024
SAE J3108 Recommended Practice (RP) provides fuel and hazard guidance for first and second responders of incidents associated with alternative fueled vehicles. The intent of SAE J3108-1 is to present responders with a limited number of intuitive letters and colors. The International community is in the process of adopting International Standards Organization (ISO) 17840, which provides first and second responders with a standardized format for emergency information. While the ISO 17840 format in coloring and lettering can be adopted and should be encouraged when possible, it is intended for large and heavy vehicles. SAE J3108-1 provides a means for responders to recognize fuel and vehicle type on North American light duty vehicles due to size constraints preventing use of ISO 17840 labels.1 While encouraged to be adopted or referenced by vehicle manufacturers, this RP has been developed for the use of States and other Governmental bodies. The RP is not intended to replace the standards for SAE J2990 format emergency response guide (ERG) created by automotive manufacturers for use at the scene of an emergency. This coding should be consistent with other vehicle badging with the goal of providing additional clarity. This RP does not include detailed equipment and procedures such as tools, personal protective equipment, or other aspects required for addressing vehicles which have been involved in accidents or incidents. Other documents providing those aspects are contained in the list of references. This RP is independent of existing U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) hazardous labeling and nomenclature provided by Code of Federal Regulations Title 49. The ten hazard symbols and four levels of severity rating are insufficient to identify the unique aspects of configurations which may be specific to various vehicles designs. Those symbols are typically not used on the passenger types of vehicles this RP is meant for. This RP also does not supersede current DOT requirements, U.S. Federal Regulations, or other regional regulations for identifying vehicle fuel and critical first responder information.
Hybrid - EV Committee
How a Standardized Platform Delivered Precision Motion ControlTBMG-5217912/1/2024
When a physician injects a patient with medication from a glass vial, they want to know that the drug inside that vial is sterile and stable. That’s where Genesis Packaging Technologies comes in. Genesis Packaging Technologies, formally a division of the West Company, was founded in 1946. Today, Genesis is a one of the leaders in the science and technology of parenteral vial sealing and residual seal force testing.
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Refining SAE J3400 for Standardized EV Charging1348010/3/2024
As most EV enthusiasts know, the Tesla-developed North American Charging System (NACS) is being standardized as SAE J3400 -- unlocking the ability for any EV supplier or manufacturer to use, manufacture, or deploy the J3400 connector on EVs and at charging stations across North America. Recently, the SAE J3400 NACS Task Force voted to establish the J3400 standard as a recommended practice, marking a significant step forward in the standardization process and demonstrating the importance of collaboration in moving the EV industry forward. To learn more, we sat down with Christian Thiele, Director, Global Ground Vehicle Standards, SAE International, and Dr. Rodney McGee, Ph.D., P.E., Chairman, SAE J3400 NACS Task Force, and Chief Engineer at the University of Delaware, to discuss how the J3400 standard is bringing industry together to build a unified and reliable EV infrastructure that supports the widespread adoption of EVs. Join the global EV ecosystem leader! The SAE EV Charging PKI Project designed and tested an inclusive, protocol-neutral, worldwide EV charging industry PKI platform that is secure, trusted, scalable, interoperable, and extensible. View and download the program overview now.
Hineman, Marcie
Why Standardization Matters in Pulsed Electric Field Generation for Clinical ElectroporationTBMG-514799/1/2024
Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a nonthermal method of tissue ablation technology that uses high amplitude pulsed electrical fields (PEF) to create irreversible electroporation (IRE) in tissues. Unlike traditional thermal ablation technologies, PFA does not rely on heating to damage and destroy tissue. Instead, PFA creates nanopores in cell membranes due to transient, high-voltage exposure that disrupts cell wall integrity, which leads to cell death.1
Navigating the Evolving Landscape of Safety Standards for Machine Learning-based Road Vehicle FunctionsEPR20240178/26/2024
ML approaches to solving some of the key perception and decision challenges in automated vehicle functions are maturing at an incredible rate. However, the setbacks experienced during initial attempts at widespread deployment have highlighted the need for a careful consideration of safety during the development and deployment of these functions. To better control the risk associated with this storm of complex functionality, open operating environments, and cutting-edge technology, there is a need for industry consensus on best practices for achieving an acceptable level of safety. Navigating the Evolving Landscape of Safety Standards for Machine Learning-based Road Vehicle Functions provides an overview of standards relevant to the safety of ML-based vehicle functions and serves as guidance for technology providers—including those new to the automotive sector—on how to interpret the evolving standardization landscape. The report also contains practical guidance, along with an example from the perspective of a developer of an ML-based perception function on how to interpret the requirements of these standards. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Burton, Simon
Toward Safety-Critical Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Embedded Automotive Systems12-08-01-00077/31/2024
The rise of AI models across diverse domains includes promising advancements, but also poses critical challenges. In particular, establishing trust in AI-based systems for mission-critical applications is challenging for most domains. For the automotive domain, embedded systems are operating in real-time and undertaking mission-critical tasks. Ensuring dependability attributes, especially safety, of these systems remains a predominant challenge. This article focuses on the application of AI-based systems in safety-critical contexts within automotive domains. Drawing from current standardization methodologies and established patterns for safe application, this work offers a reflective analysis, emphasizing overlaps and potential avenues to put AI-based systems into practice within the automotive landscape. The core focus lies in incorporating pattern concepts, fostering the safe integration of AI in automotive systems, with requirements described in standardization and topics discussed by AI working groups. This article aims to provide a concept on leveraging AI-based systems while addressing safety concerns within the automotive sector and current versions of related standards. The proposed approach explores synergies and highlights pathways for the utilization of AI-based systems within safety-critical automotive applications.
Blazevic, Romana, Veledar, Omar, Stolz, Michael, Macher, Georg
Impact of AdBlue Composition and Water Purity on Particle Number Increase2024-01-30127/2/2024
Previous studies have shown that dosing AdBlue into the exhaust system of diesel engines to reduce nitrogen oxides can lead to an increase in the number of particles (PN). In addition to the influencing factors of exhaust gas temperature, exhaust gas mass flow and dosing quantity, the dosed medium itself (AdBlue) is not considered as a possible influence due to its regulation in ISO-standard 22241. However, as the standard specifies limit value ranges for the individual regulated properties and components for newly sold AdBlue, in reality there is still some margin in the composition. This paper investigates the particle number increase due to AdBlue dosing using several CPCs. The increase in PN is determined by measuring the number of particles after DPF and thus directly before dosing as well as tailpipe. Several AdBlue products from different sources and countries are measured and their composition is also analyzed with regard to the limit values regulated in the standard. This shows that differences in the PN-increase can be determined for the various products. In addition, two measurements are carried out with pure water as a main component of AdBlue in the form of single and double-distilled water. Interestingly, the dosing of pure water also shows an increase in PN depending on the purity of the water. Furthermore, two AdBlue products are artificially aged in order to violate the standardized limit values, which is a feasible use case with regard to ISC tests, and subsequently measured. Since these impurities cannot be influenced but have a noticeable effect on the measured PN, it is important to quantify this and, if necessary, to take it into account in legislation.
Herold, Tim, Noone, Patrick, Beidl, Christian, Boldt, Thomas, Hochholzner, Michael, Kontin, Sinisa
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2024 - Volume IB-992_VOLUME17/1/2024
The Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization MMPDS-2024 supersedes MMPDS-23 and prior editions of the MMPDS Handbook as well as all editions of MIL-HDBK-5, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures Handbook that were maintained by the U.S. Air Force. The last edition, MIL-HDBK-5J was cancelled by the U.S. Air Force in March 2006. This document contains design information on the mechanical and physical properties of metallic materials and joints commonly used in aircraft and aerospace vehicle structures. All information contained in this Handbook has been reviewed and approved using a standardized process. The development and ongoing maintenance process involves certifying agencies, including the FAA, DoD, and NASA, and major material suppliers and material users worldwide. The information and procedures in this Handbook are continuously reviewed and modified or removed as determined to be appropriate. With advances in materials and fastener systems, and with the review process of existing information, periodic updates of the MMPDS should be expected. As such, it is recommended that the latest version of the MMPDS be used. Volume II: Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies.
Metallic Materials Properties Development and Standardization (MMPDS) Handbook - 2024 - Volume IIB-992_VOLUME27/1/2024
This first edition of Volume II publishes the framework for generating and analyzing the data so that material sponsors can generate the right data, knowing how it will be analyzed by the Battelle Memorial Institute. MMPDS-2024 Volume II Process Intensive Materials and Joining Technologies does not currently have any material properties, focusing on additive manufacturing of metallic materials. MMPDS-2024 Volume II is brand new and will be focused on non-conventional processes and will be published each year moving forward. Volume I: Conventional Materials and Joint Allowables.
Automatic Maneuver Detection in Flight Data Using Wavelet Transform and Deep Learning Algorithms2024-26-04626/1/2024
Aircraft performance, certification and safety hinge on the precise analysis of flight maneuvers, necessitating a methodical approach to extract critical insights from flight data. This research outlines a systematic methodology that combines signal processing with machine learning techniques for the detection and analysis of aircraft maneuvers. The core of this methodology involves the Wavelet Transform, which meticulously unveils temporal intricacies within flight data, shedding light on pivotal time-frequency attributes crucial for aviation safety assessments. Augmenting this approach, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models are employed to capture intricate temporal dependencies, extending the capability beyond that of standalone machine learning. This methodology not only enhances aviation safety but also finds wide-ranging applications. By examining flight attitudes during actions and extracting multi-parameter time histories, it establishes standardized time histories for each maneuver type, which are performed for system identification, air-data calibration, and performance analysis. This standardized technique significantly reduces the time needed for data pre-processing, enabling analysts to focus on in-depth analysis. The interdisciplinary collaboration underlying this research highlights the immense potential of combining signal processing and machine learning to shape the future of aviation research and applications, for example. It provides a versatile framework to analyze flight data and glean insights into pilot maneuvering, which can be instrumental in enhancing aviation safety, pilot training, and decision-making processes. This approach transcends the limits of conventional maneuver detection and analysis, laying the foundation for more precise and efficient flight operations. Its implications extend to various sectors of aviation research, emphasizing the pivotal role of integrated methodologies in shaping the trajectory of aviation safety and performance.
Parihar, Pratik, Kumar, Utsav, Kaliyari, Dushyant, Tk, Khadeeja Nusrath
Analysis of Variables Influencing Towing Limits in Rail Track Maintenance EquipmentSAE-PP-003975/23/2024
The towing limits for self-propelled rail track maintenance equipment depends on various factors such as equipment type, weight, speed, braking capabilities, track and weather conditions, traction, engine power, driveline performance, coupler/towing link, and safety regulations. These variables collectively determine the towing limits for rail vehicles. In self-propelled rail track maintenance equipment (SP-TME), the concept of towing limits differs from traditional sense, as the SP-TME can move independently and has operational constraints and specifications that need to be observed to ensure safe and efficient functioning. This technical paper investigates the towing limits and factors affecting the towing limits of the Tamper Equipment, a type of track maintenance selfpropelled machine that packs the ballast under the rail tracks for safe and efficient rail operation. Often, this equipment needs to tow other smaller equipment, trailers, or be towed by other vehicles for transportation or rescue. The variables studied in this work include the structural and buckling strength of the towing structure, engine power, traction, driveline parts performance, track conditions, weather conditions, and braking capabilities. The equipment was evaluated for designed towing situation and additional towing situations involving overuse or misuse of the machine in towing higher loads than designed under various track conditions. This paper also explores unusual but possible scenarios, the non-rolling wheel scenario triggered by equipment breakdown on an incline. The study summarizes results of the influence of variables under study on equipment towing.
Patil, Dipak
FEA Stress Determination for Weld Fatigue using Hot-Spot Stress Method: Benchmarking and Rail ApplicationSAE-PP-003945/5/2024
Welded joints in rail steel structures are typically assessed for fatigue using two different stress range approaches: nominal stress range and hot-spot stress range when using SN methods. The nominal stress range is a traditionally simplified method that provides a conservative estimation but lacks accuracy in considering stress concentrations. On the other hand, the hot-spot stress range method is a more advanced and refined approach that offers a more precise evaluation of stress concentration, making it suitable for complex geometries. In 2015, the British standard BS7608-2015 on Guide to Fatigue Design and Assessment of Steel Products incorporated the hot-spot method for evaluating weld joints, especially when using numerical methods as Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The weld classes are now categorically defined for both nominal and hot-spot approaches in new introductions, whereas earlier, it was based on the nominal stress approach only. Choosing the appropriate stress range method depends on various factors, including the weld joint's geometry, stress orientations, loading conditions, the desired level of accuracy, and primarily the available SN curve data for predicting fatigue damage. The work presented in this paper explores the hot-spot stress range approach for determining stress ranges in weld fatigue assessment for Rail Track Maintenance Equipment. The identified welds were evaluated and compared for fatigue stress ranges using IIW and BS7608 guidelines for the hot-spot stress approach. The effect of various mesh types and finite element (FE) modeling on peak and structural stress was studied and presented. Subsequently, the hot-spot approach was applied to assess the weld fatigue in rail equipment, and the results were compared with those obtained using the nominal stress approach.
Patil, Dipak
Configuration Management Acquisition Requirements for Aeronautics and SpaceEIA649-2A (Current)3/1/2024
This standard applies to all products and services produced for Aeronautics and Space enterprises and regulatory environments, including those produced by component facilities and technical and service support centers. If applied, this standard must be cited in the CM requirements of Enterprise Planning, Facilities Programs, Projects, and Supplier agreements. This standard applies throughout all phases of the program and project life cycle. CM is about the truth, trust, and traceability of products, data used to produce products, and processes throughout their life cycle and should be applied across the Enterprise at the process and product level. The significant data to which CM is applied includes scientific and engineering data; data that drives mission success; data that ensures IT security; and data used to make technical, programmatic, and business decisions. Proper application of CM is essential for product integrity and overall effectiveness. Acquirers complying with the principles in SAE/EIA-649 can tailor the specific “shall” statements in this standard and incorporate the tailored requirements into agreements to ensure the rigor required for Aeronautics, Space, and Ground Systems as discussed in the sections below.
G-33 Configuration Management
Redefining Space Commerce: The Move Toward ServitizationEPR20240021/9/2024
“New Space" is reshaping the economic landscape of the space industry and has far-reaching implications for technological innovation, business models, and market dynamics. This change, aligned with the digitalization in the world economy, has given rise to innovations in the downstream space segment. This “servitization” of the space industry, essentially, has led to the transition from selling products like satellites or spacecraft, to selling the services these products provide. This also connects to applications of various technologies, like cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and virtualization. Redefining Space Commerce: The Move Toward Servitization discusses the advantages of this shift (e.g., cost reduction, increased access to space for smaller organizations and countries), as well as the challenges, such as maintaining safety and security, establishing standardization and regulation, and managing risks. The implications of this may be far-reaching, affecting not only the space industry but also related fields, such as defense, telecommunications, and activity monitoring. This report also explores the transformative changes happening in the space sector and their impact on economic evaluation and space policy. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio.
Khan, Samir
SAE STANDARDS NEWS23AUTP12_0512/1/2023
SAE updates gasoline fuel-injection standards, additions expected Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee (GFISC) updates three standards and plans to publish two more. The Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee (GFISC) plays a pivotal role in developing and maintaining SAE's Standards, Recommended Practices (RP) and Information Reports (IR) for the mechanical and electrical components of gasoline fuel-injection systems. Since a prior update was published in May 2019, the committee has made significant progress to ensure the relevancy and accuracy of these standards, with three updated standards published since 2021 and the expected publication of two more in 2024.
A Global Survey of Standardization and Industry Practices of Automotive Cybersecurity Validation and Verification Testing Processes and Tools12-07-02-001311/16/2023
The United Nation Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Regulation 155—Cybersecurity and Cybersecurity Management System (UN R155) mandates the development of cybersecurity management systems (CSMS) as part of a vehicle’s lifecycle. An inherent component of the CSMS is cybersecurity risk management and assessment. Validation and verification testing is a key activity for measuring the effectiveness of risk management, and it is mandated by UN R155 for type approval. Due to the focus of R155 and its suggested implementation guideline, ISO/SAE 21434:2021—Road Vehicle Cybersecurity Engineering, mainly centering on the alignment of cybersecurity risk management to the vehicle development lifecycle, there is a gap in knowledge of proscribed activities for validation and verification testing. This research provides guidance on automotive cybersecurity testing and verification by providing an overview of the state-of-the-art in relevant automotive standards, outlining their transposition into national regulation and the currently used processes and tools in the automotive industry. Through engagement with state-of-the-art literature and workshops and surveys with industry groups, our study found that national regulatory authorities are moving to enshrine UN R155 as part of their vehicle regulations, with differences of implementation based on regulatory culture and pre-existing approaches to vehicle regulation. Validation and verification testing is developing aligned to UN R155 and ISO21434:2021; however, the testing approaches currently used within industry utilize elements of traditional enterprise information technology methods for penetration testing and toolsets. Electrical/electronic (E/E) components such as embedded control units (ECUs) are considered the primary testing target; however, connected and autonomous vehicle technologies are increasingly attracting more focus for testing.
Roberts, Andrew, Marksteiner, Stefan, Soyturk, Mujdat, Yaman, Berkay, Yang, Yi
Recommended Practice for Identification of Standardized Truck and Tractor Electrical CircuitsJ2191_202311 (Current)11/16/2023
This SAE document defines a recommended practice for implementing circuit identification for electrical power and signal distribution systems of the Class 8 trucks and tractors. This document provides a description of a supplemental circuit identifier that shall be utilized in conjunction with the original equipment manufacturer’s primary circuit identification as used in wire harnesses but does not include electrical or electronic devices which have pigtails. The supplemental circuit identifier is cross-referenced to a specified subsystem of the power and signal distribution system identified in Section 5.
Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee
ABS Exciter Ring Location StandardizationJ1730_202310 (Current)10/2/2023
This SAE Recommended Practice establishes the antilock brake system (ABS) sensor interface and envelope dimensions for standardizing the location of the ABS rings mounted on or integral to the inboard end of spoke wheels, hubs, rotors, and hub-rotor assemblies on the following axle designations as defined in SAE J1842. a FF b FL c FC d FH e L f R g U h W j N k P
Truck and Bus Wheel Committee
Q&A23AUTP10_1210/1/2023
SAE International announced in late June, 2023, that it intended to standardize the Tesla-developed North American Charging Standard (NACS) EV charging connector for North America. SAE then created the J3400 NACS Task Force to expedite creation of the J3400 NACS Electric Vehicle Coupler standard. Grayson Brulte, host of SAE's Tomorrow Today podcast, subsequently interviewed Christian Thiele, Director, Global Ground Vehicle Standards, SAE International, and Dr. Rodney McGee, Ph.D., P.E. Chairman, SAE J3400 NACS Task Force and Chief Engineer at the University of Delaware, regarding the work of the J3400 Task Force and other aspects of standardization as electrification technology proliferates throughout the light- and heavy-duty vehicle sectors. This Q&A is an abbreviated portion of that interview and the podcast can be heard in its entirety at: https://www.sae.org/podcasts/tomorrow-today/episodes/sae-to-standardize-teslanacs-connector
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 1239