Browse Topic: Developing countries
The creators of the designs hope that their promising technology, initially developed for emergency short-term ventilators in response to the coronavirus pandemic, will help to address the shortage of mechanical ventilators in developing countries in the long term
In response to the growing need for increased mobility and road safety, India, like other developing nations, is placing a high focus on modernizing its transport infrastructure. This report performs a thorough technical analysis of the challenges and implementation issues that were encountered when deploying Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) in India. This paper provides valuable information about successful ITS deployment and the unique challenges faced in the Indian context, drawing on global research and case studies. A detailed understanding of cutting-edge technologies and how they integrate with current infrastructure is essential for India's adoption of ITS to be successful. Collaboration with a range of stakeholders, including governmental organizations, transportation authorities, and technology businesses, is essential for effective deployment. Using examples from around the world, this study intends to find the best stakeholder management practices
Nine out of 10 amputees in the world don't have access to a proper prosthetic. The startup company, LIMBER Prosthetics & Orthotics, Inc. aims to do something to address this problem by 3D printing complete one-piece structurally sound prosthetic limbs
Methanol is sometimes referred to as ethanol's deadly twin. While the latter is the intoxicating ingredient in wine, beer, and liquor, the former is a chemical that becomes highly toxic when metabolized by the human body. Even a relatively small amount of methanol can cause blindness or prove fatal if left untreated
The increasing rates of violence and the lack of effective public security policies, especially in large urban areas in developing countries, have reflected directly in the automotive civil armor market, making Brazil the world leader in the segment of ballistic protection type III-A level against handguns according to the NIJ 0108.01 standard [1], followed by Mexico. Faced with this scenario, to speed up the armoring process on brand new automobiles, the armoring companies have adopted shop floor procedures to quickly assembly the ballistic protection parts, without considering automotive design engineering and manufacturing criteria of the vehicle. One of the solutions for improving the quality of this process and optimizing costs is the adoption of the DFMA® tool, Design for Manufacturing and Assembly. Since, there is no specific DFMA® literature regarding automotive armoring processes, the authors have addressed this through a systematic literature review to obtain the references
During the 20th century, the energy landscape in India was dominated by fossil fuels, with diesel, petroleum, and kerosene used for most industrial and domestic purposes. In rural India, a large part of the population was still using coal, wood, or dung fires for cooking. However, the last few decades have seen the country strive to become a more gas-based economy, with widespread use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) for cooking and even transportation. Recently, piped natural gas has also been made available to many urban households, providing the comfort of uninterrupted cooking gas directly to consumer homes. This new development calls for the gas utility providers to measure how much gas is being consumed. How? With the help of gas meters
The air purifier industry has seen a growth in terms of demand and sales lately. All credit goes to massive Industrialization in developing countries such as India. The most harmful of the pollutants are PM 2.5 articulates and NOx Emissions. This leads to the new trend of customers become health and comfort conscious and willing to pay more for better and improved transportation. To satisfy these demands, COEM’s are developing more numbers of Air conditioning buses. Although the OEM’s are meeting this demand of quantity, the quality of air from air conditioner is still suffer. One of the main reasons for this poor air quality is because of the ineffectiveness of conventional air conditioner air filters to control particulate materials i.e. PM2.5, biological pollutants i.e. microbes, bacteria, viruses, and gaseous pollutants i.e. CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, O3 & VOCs in air. As per various researches, health problems associated with bus occupant compartment air quality appear more frequently
It has been predicted that the prevailing COVID-19 situation would result in increased demand for personal vehicles. There is a renewed interest in the 3 wheeled vehicles for short urban mobility in western countries due to their inherent cost advantages which will make it affordable for the common man. As the world is moving towards electric vehicle technology, a light 3 wheeled vehicle option will also help in reducing battery weight and thereby help in addressing the range concerns. In addition, slow speed 3-wheelers need not pass extensive safety regulation tests in many western countries including the USA. Three-wheeled vehicles are not new to developing countries like India as three-wheeled auto-rickshaws are quite popular for short distance shared travel. The existing single front wheel design known as delta design may have a stigma attached to it due to historic reasons in India. There is also a perception that the three-wheeled vehicles are highly unstable. Therefore, the
China's auto market has developed rapidly in recent years and has become the world's largest auto market. The rapid increase in sales of passenger cars has brought a series of environmental and energy problems. In response to these problems, “The Parallel Management Method for Corporate Average Fuel Consumption and New Energy Vehicles Credits” (Dual-credit Regulation) has been enacted in 2018. However, some problems about the regulation were gradually exposed with the NEV subsidies decreasing, such as too much surplus new energy vehicle credit. To promote the development of NEV, the reform of dual credit regulation was issued in June,2020. Based on the reform of the" dual-credit " regulation in 2020, this paper proposes the three-stage dynamic game model to solve the auto market’s Nash Equilibrium, then analyzes and predicts the impact of the " dual-credit " reform on the development of China’s 2020 automotive industry, aimed at providing some references for the reform of “dual-credit
In the modern automobile scenario in developing countries, customers are getting more meticulous and market more competitive. Now even the budget vehicle customer expects desirable vehicle performance in specific use cases of the vehicle that were previously not focused by designers. Hence, the focus on perceived quality challenges automobile engineers to go the extra mile when it comes to the cost-effective design of parts that are tangible to the customer. A vehicle's cowl cover is one such exterior component. The primary functions of this part are to provide air intake opening for the HVAC system and cover the components like wiper motor. The aesthetic function is to cover the gaps between windshield, hood, and fender as seamlessly as possible. A specific role of cowl cover, which calls for a designer's attention, is its load-bearing capability. This component has to be stiff enough to bear external loads like snow accumulation or application of hand on the part by customer or
Vehicular accidents are life-threatening and result in fatal casualties in developing country such as India. According to estimates, traffic accidents kill more people in India than diseases like Cancer and AIDS. More than 150,000 people are killed every year in traffic accidents in India, which works out to 400 fatalities a day, far higher than developed auto markets like the U.S., which had logged about 40,000 deaths in 2016. The World Health Organization estimates road accidents cost most countries about 3 per cent of their gross domestic product. India being the fastest growing economy will be the world’s third-largest car market after China and the U.S. by 2020, according to automobile researchers. According to research study most of death cause due to not getting help on time to the injured person. Research has proven that if injured person is not found any option of help then they also lose the power to fight such critical situation due to psychological effect. When vehicle met
The surge in economic activities, in the developing nations, has resulted in rapid expansion of urban centres. This expansion of cities has caused a rapid increase in vehicular traffic, which in turn has caused deterioration of air quality. To overcome the problem of unprecedented air pollution, the governments worldwide have framed policies for faster adoption of electric vehicles. One of the major challenges faced is the development of low- cost drive for these vehicles and keeping the imports to a minimum. As a result of this, the trend is to move away from the permanent magnet-based motor technology and to use induction motor-based drivetrain. For the induction motors to be successful in electric vehicle drivetrain application, it is important to have a robust speed control algorithm. This work aims at adapting a direct torque control technique for induction motor’s speed control. The work addresses the impact of reference flux linkage on the operation of an induction motor for
India being a developing nation, there is significant improvement of road infrastructure across the country as well as the spending power and earnings of the common man. This leads to the new trend of customers willing to pay for a more comfortable travel through AC buses. To satisfy these demands, OEM’s are forced develop and manufacture huge numbers of AC buses. Although the OEM’s are meeting this demand of quantity, the quality aspect of the buses, i.e., climate comfort, is still subpar. One of the main reasons for this sub-quality comfort is the non homogenous distribution of air flow along the bus. This non homogeneity leads to the centre of the bus having very high air flow and thus overcooling conditions, while the front and rear of the bus receive very little air flow and thus receive under-cooling conditions. To solve this concern of non homogeneity, we incorporated a new design in the hatrack, through the implementation of baffles and deflector in the hatrack. With this new
In developing countries, motorcycles have become the most economically efficient choice for commuting. A variety of braking systems in motorcycles like Brake drum and Disk brake have once again become the deciding criteria for wise economic selection of a motorcycle. Due to the low cost of a brake drum compared with a disk brake, a median income group customer segment commonly prefers to buy the brake drum versions rather than disk brake. However the performance of the brake drum is inferior to the disk brake. One major inferior performance feature is brake fade. For a target customer segment, it always becomes a challenge for OEMs to provide the desired braking at sufficiently low costs for customers of that segment, while with the drum braking system, usually the user ends up with loss of brake effectiveness due to overheating, which in turn is produced by repeated braking actions. In this paper, a methodology to minimize brake fade was devised. By redesigning the brake drum (BD) for
It is quite common nowadays to target a new engine development program in less than twelve months. Computer Aided Engineering plays a major role in reducing the overall product development lead time. Simulation Driven Design and Development helps the designers to bring the necessary confidence about the required functionality during the design stage itself. The current paper describes the development of Multi-Layer Steel (MLS) cylinder-head gaskets for a commercial vehicle engine. Currently, many engine manufacturers from the developing countries have either started shifting to MLS Gaskets for their current product lines or started new engine platforms development with MLS Gaskets to meet the current emission and specific power requirements. These gaskets with beads and stoppers provide excellent macro sealing around combustion chamber, oil bores and water holes under aggressive thermo-mechanical loads. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations play a major role in studying the gasket
The instantaneous fuel consumption measurements obtained from the chassis dynamometer tests using the drive cycles for light duty vehicles in Metro Manila was used in the development of speed-acceleration-fuel consumption models. The Shepard’s interpolation method was used in the development of the models. A program C# language was used to execute the interpolation method.The resulting models are represented by speed-acceleration-fuel consumption surface graphs. The surface graph of each test vehicle represents its estimated fuel consumption variation according to its combined instantaneous speed and acceleration. Actual instantaneous speeds from speed data of surveyed vehicles, defining different traffic conditions by average speed, are used to interpolate instantaneous fuel consumption. Fuel economy, in terms of distance travelled (km) per volume of fuel consumed (liter), is computed from the totaled fuel consumption and total distance traversed. An increasing trend in fuel economy
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