Browse Topic: Ground support
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides requirements for design and installation of aircraft jacking pad adapters and the mating jack socket interface to permit use of standard jacking equipment to be used in civil and military transport aircraft. The adapter defined herein shall be the key interface between the aircraft and the aircraft jack(s).
This document outlines the functional and design requirements for baggage/cargo tow tractors used for airline services.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) prescribes requirements for the various types of nozzles that are used for the refueling and defueling of aircraft fitted with pressure fuel servicing systems. It is to be used as a replacement for MIL-N-5877 and MS29520 and for all commercial applications.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) identifies and summarizes the various factors that must be considered and evaluated by the design or specifying engineer in establishing the specifications and design characteristics of battery-powered aircraft tow tractors. This AIR is presented in two parts. The first part is simply a summarization of design factors that must be considered in establishing vehicle specifications and design characteristics. The second part refers particularly to the performance characteristics of an aircraft tow tractor. Some definitions, formulas, data, and an example are provided mainly for assisting the specifying engineers of potential buyers and users of aircraft tow tractors in the evaluation and comparison of their requirements with the performance capabilities of the various tow tractors offered by the tow tractor manufacturers. Although the design engineers could also use the formulas and data in their calculations of the performance specifications
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) considers the following major areas: 1 major components and their ratings; 2 selection criteria for optimum design balance for electrical systems; 3 effects of operating conditions and environment on both maintenance and life of components; 4 trouble signals - their diagnosis and cure.
This document defines cables that are used to provide electrical power for U.S. Department of Defense avionics support and test equipment.
This SAE aerospace recommended practice (ARP) covers the requirements for external ground power equipment supplying 115/200 V, three-phase, 400 HZ output power measured at the aircraft receptacle. All forms of 400 Hz ground power including mobile and fixed systems are addressed by this document.
The tow vehicle should be designed for towbarless movement of aircraft on the ground. The design will ensure that the unit will safely secure the aircraft nose landing gear within the coupling system for any operational mode.
The new 2600 Series 13-liter engine for off-highway machines will do more with less thanks to variable geometry turbocharging. Perkins announced in September its all-new engine series for off-highway applications, launching the 2600 Series 13-liter engine at a press event in London where Truck & Off-Highway Engineering was in attendance. Perkins states that the 2600 Series is intended for a wide array of off-highway applications including agricultural tractors, materials handling, construction, mining, aircraft ground support and other use cases. “As the off-highway industry advances toward a lower-carbon future, equipment manufacturers still face expectations for long-term productivity and reliability in the world's most-demanding work environments,” said Jaz Gill, vice president of global sales, marketing, service and parts. “The new Perkins 2600 Series engine platform demonstrates how we're leveraging our experience, intelligence and commitment to help OEMs navigate the energy
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the minimum requirements for ground-based aircraft deicing/anti-icing methods and procedures to ensure the safe operation of aircraft during icing conditions on the ground. This document does not specify the requirements for particular aircraft models. The application of the procedures specified in this document are intended to effectively remove and/or prevent the accumulation of frost, snow, slush, or ice contamination which can seriously affect the aerodynamic performance and/or the controllability of an aircraft. The principal method of treatment employed is the use of fluids qualified to AMS1424 (Type I fluid) and AMS1428 (Type II, III, and IV fluids). All guidelines referred to herein are applicable only in conjunction with the applicable documents. Due to aerodynamic and other concerns, the application of deicing/anti-icing fluids shall be carried out in compliance with engine and aircraft manufacturer’s recommendations.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the characteristics and utilization of 270 V DC electric power at the utilization equipment interface and the constraints of the utilization equipment based on practical experience. These characteristics shall be applicable for both airborne and ground support power systems. This document also defines the related distribution and installation considerations. Utilization equipment designed for a specific application may not deviate from these requirements without the approval of the procuring activity.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the design and installation requirements for hydraulic systems (up to 8000 psig [56 MPa]) for ground support equipment (GSE). This ARP is derived from AS5440, which provides hydraulic system requirements for aircraft. The recommendations herein are primarily intended for GSE that exchange hydraulic fluid with the aircraft, such as hydraulic service carts, rather than GSE with non-interfacing hydraulic systems. The GSE may be mobile, portable, or stationary.
The purpose of this specification is to provide airplane operators and tow vehicle manufacturers with: a General design and operating requirements pertinent to test and evaluation of towbarless tow vehicles. Specific design requirements are provided in ARP4852 and ARP4853. b Test and evaluation requirements. The results of these test evaluations will determine if the loads induced by the tow vehicle will exceed the design loads of the nose gear, or are within the aircraft manufacturer’s limits so that they do not affect the certified safe limit of the nose gear. The results of these test evaluations will also determine if a stability problem may occur during pushback and/or maintenance towing operations with the tested airplane/tow vehicle combination. This document specifies general test requirements and a test evaluation procedure for towbarless tow vehicles (TLTV) intended for pushback and maintenance towing only. It is not meant for dispatch (operational) towing (see definitions in
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines interface configurations for the ground air conditioning service connection on commercial transport aircraft. In addition, it defines the clearances required to accommodate the connection of ground air conditioning hose couplings. Two types of service connections are included. The Type A connection (Figure 1) is a slotted ring with integral locking pads and is comparable to the MS33562 connection. The Type B connection (Figure 2) is a flanged tube with external locking lugs (Figure 3). The Type B connection has the same interface dimensional requirements as the Type A connection.
This document describes:
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes standard phraseology for the communication procedures during aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing operations. NOTE: The minimum requirements to accomplish an aircraft deicing/anti-icing operation are specified in AS6285. Clear concise standard phraseology between the groundcrew and flightcrew is an important part of the deicing/anti-icing process. It plays a key role in the overall safety of the deicing program. Historically, flightcrew and groundcrew have had to deal with differing communication scripts at multiple airport locations. This has led to unsafe situations, including aircraft moving before the deicing process has been fully completed.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes the minimum recommended Test Stand Setup and Procedures for inspecting and testing Aircraft Refuelers. The inspection and test procedure shall be used to evaluate the operation and performance of an Aircraft Refueler to assure that it meets the minimum refueling performance criteria and is fit for aircraft fueling and/or defueling operations. These procedures shall be used to test new Aircraft Refuelers and may be used to perform routine tests to confirm that the Aircraft Refuelers comply with the minimum performance criteria as specified herein. This document covers all types of Aircraft Refuelers, stationary (e.g., cabinet type units) or mobile (e.g., hydrant service vehicles, tankers, etc.).
This SAE Aerospace Information Report presents a glossary of terms commonly used in the ground delivery of fuel to an aircraft and pertinent terms relating to the aircraft being refueled.
The present Aerospace Recommended Practice specifies for airplane operator and tow vehicle manufacturers the basic testing requirements for towbarless tow vehicles to be used on the nose gear of conventional tricycle type landing gears of commercial civil transport aircraft with maximum ramp weight between 8600 kg (19 000 lb) and 50 000 kg (110 000 lb), commonly designated as “regional aircraft”. Its purpose is to achieve testing results, or equivalent computer modeling, demonstrating that the loads induced by the tow vehicle will not exceed the design loads of the airplane’s nose landing gear and associated structure, reduce the certified safe life limit of the nose landing gear, or otherwise compromise the airplane’s structural integrity and airworthiness certification.
To list the documentation required to ensure inspection, maintenance and calibration of the TLTV's aircraft NLG steering and tractive protection systems or alerting devices can be carried out in accordance with the requirements of this document and the referenced standards.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the design and performance requirements for a battery-powered electric tow tractor for the handling of baggage or cargo trailers in airline service. The use of “shall” in this document indicates a mandatory requirement. The use of “should” indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.
The tow vehicle should be designed for towbarless push-back and/or maintenance towing of regional type aircraft as specified in 1.3. The design will ensure that the unit will safely secure the aircraft nose landing gear within the coupling system for any operational mode. The purpose of this towing procedure is to achieve a safer and faster operation than is possible with conventional towing equipment.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides background information, technical data, and related technical references for minimization of electrostatic hazards in aircraft fuel systems.
The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice covers specialized internal combustion engine powered equipment used in support of aircraft operations. The equipment may be self-propelled, truck mounted, trailer mounted, skid mounted or stationary. It does not include construction equipment or equipment designed primarily for operation on highways or within factories or building areas. NOTE: Equivalent methodology is provided in (CEN) EN 1915-4, Aircraft ground support equipment - General requirements - Part 4: Noise measurement methods and reduction, to be used for measurements conforming to the EU Machinery Directive
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers all types of ground support equipment required to support civil transport aircraft.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances.
This document covers the general requirements for hydraulic aircraft jacks. It can be applied to tripod, unipod, and axle jacks that may be used on open ramp areas as well as in the aircraft hangar. Throughout this Aerospace Standard, the minimum essential criteria are identified by the key word “shall”. Recommended criteria are identified by use of the key word “should”. Deviation from recommended criteria should only occur after careful consideration and thorough service evaluation have shown alternate methods to provide an equivalent level of safety. The term “vertical load” throughout this Aerospace Standard is defined as the force imposed on the aircraft jack at the airframe jack point.
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes procedures for use in the field to determine if 115/200 Volt, 400 Hz aircraft external electrical power connectors are excessively worn, which may result in the inability of the external power plug to be retained, intermittent electrical performance and arcing.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines recommended ramp pavement marking standards for proper guidance and positioning of GSE on commercial transport aircraft parking and handling stands (gates), in line with International Civil Aviation (ICAO) recommendations applicable to airport aprons. Throughout this document, the minimum essential criteria are identified by use of the key word “shall”. Recommended criteria are identified by use of the key word “should” and, while not mandatory, are considered to be of primary importance in providing safety effective ramp markings. Deviation from recommended criteria should only occur after careful consideration and thorough service evaluation have shown alternate methods to provide an equivalent level of safety.
The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to standardize locations of aircraft ground service connections to accommodate the trend toward fixed systems, which use the passenger boarding bridge and/or underground “pop-up” or pit systems as a source of utilities. It must be recognized that, in standardizing the locations of the aircraft service connections, they must continue to be served efficiently in those instances where mobile ground support equipment is used. There is an ever increasing number of fixed installations for aircraft servicing. The objectives to be met by standardizing the locations of the aircraft service connections are the following:
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) specifies dimensional and physical requirements of tow bar connections to tractor and aircraft (see Figure 1). It is applicable to all types of commercial transport category aircraft tow bar. The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is to standardize tow bar attachments to airplane and tractor according to the mass category of the towed aircraft, so that one tow bar head with different shear levels can be used for all aircraft that are within the same mass category and are manufactured in compliance with AS1614 or ISO 8267.
This document provides information on the preparation and use of video for operational and maintenance training of qualified personnel associated with GSE.
The purpose of this document is to present general considerations for the design and use of aircraft wheel chocks. The design and use of aircraft wheel chocks is a good deal more complicated than it may appear at first glance.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) outlines the functional and design requirements for a b self-propelled belt conveyor for handling baggage and cargo at aircraft bulk cargo holds. Additional considerations and requirements may legally apply in other countries. As an example, for operation in Europe (E.U. and E.F.T.A.), the applicable EN standards shall be complied with.
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