Browse Topic: Electromagnetic compatibility

Items (782)
Find
Research on Data-Driven Intelligent Monitoring and Prediction System for Fatigue Damage in Metallurgical Cranes2026-99-02167/31/2026
Metallurgical cranes have a high risk of structural fatigue damage and failure under complex working conditions such as high temperature, heavy load, and strong electromagnetic interference. This article proposes a data-driven structural fatigue damage health monitoring system. This system integrates fiber Bragg grating sensing technology, rigid flexible coupling multi-body dynamics simulation, and big data analysis methods to construct a sensor optimization layout strategy based on rigid flexible coupling virtual prototype simulation, achieving real-time perception of stress states in key parts such as the mid span and end beam corners of the main beam. Develop a visualization system that integrates health monitoring, damage diagnosis, and life prediction. This system can dynamically evaluate the structural health status of metallurgical cranes and predict the remaining life of the structure based on a nonlinear cumulative damage model. On site engineering applications have shown that the monitoring and prediction visualization system can effectively improve the intelligent and safe operation and maintenance level of metallurgical cranes, providing a data foundation and possibility for their predictive maintenance.
Chen, Li, Zhang, Xu, Ding, Keqin
Research on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Fault Detection Method Based on 1DCNN-BiLSTM2026-99-18667/17/2026
In recent years, drone technology has seen widespread application in both civilian and military fields. By 2025, China will introduce supportive policies from multiple dimensions, including industrial development, technological innovation, and application promotion, to significantly increase the number of UAVs in use and their frequency. However, drones are prone to malfunctions due to factors such as bad weather and electromagnetic interference, which may result in serious consequences, including property damage and casualties. Therefore, improving the accuracy of fault detection and the response time of drones is of great significance. Although current research has made progress, there are still deficiencies: First, most of them rely on a single or limited data source, resulting in incomplete information and vulnerability to interference, which leads to low detection accuracy and reliability; Second, traditional methods are mostly based on fixed thresholds or simple rules, lacking real-time dynamic monitoring and adaptive analysis capabilities, making it difficult to issue timely warnings of potential faults. To this end, this study proposes a multi-scale time series prediction model based on multimodal and multi-branch, integrating multimodal data, constructing a dual-branch architecture, and combining deep learning and attention mechanisms to enhance the anomaly detection effect of unmanned aerial vehicles. A dual-branch anomaly detection model based on 1DCNN-BiLSTM and continuous wavelet transform is proposed, including a trajectory prediction difference branch and a full time series data branch. In the dual-branch output stage, the attention gating mechanism is utilized to fuse features and improve the detection performance. The experimental results show that this model performs excellently in both normal trajectory prediction and anomaly detection, providing an effective solution for drone anomaly detection.
Pu, Zhenglin, Zhang, Lin
Optimizing Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance with PON Architecture and SDN-Based Dynamic Scheduling2026-99-05927/10/2026
This study addresses the challenges of communication delays and system stability in autonomous obstacle avoidance (AOA) systems under next-generation vehicular electronic/electrical architectures. A centralized PON-based architecture is proposed, leveraging XGSPON technology to enhance bandwidth capacity and reduce electromagnetic interference, while rigorously analyzing worst-case in-vehicle communication (IVOC) delays. To mitigate latency impacts, a Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-driven dynamic scheduling strategy prioritizes safety-critical data streams (e.g., environmental perception, motion control) through adaptive resource allocation. Further integrated with a robust H-infinity LQR controller, the co-design framework ensures precise trajectory tracking and suppresses steering oscillations under communication uncertainties. Simulation tests validate the framework's efficacy, demonstrating significant reductions in loop delays and improved dynamic stability in complex scenarios. This work bridges communication efficiency and control robustness, offering a scalable solution for advancing safety-critical autonomous driving systems.
Wang, Wenwei, Han, Muchen, Cao, Wanke
Dynamic Characterisation and Modelling of Electrical Cables under Representative Load Conditions2026-01-06766/20/2026
Electric high voltage (HV) cables are commonly used in automotive applications and very prominently in electrified vehicles. These cables are potential flanking transmission paths for structure-borne sound in a broad frequency range and must therefore be included in the NVH design process. Electrical high voltage cables exhibit non-linear mechanical characteristics, when exposed to significant bending the internal geometry of the cable will change and a curvature dependent bending stiffness will result. The electrical cables envisaged in the current publication feature a helically wound stranded aluminium wire core. This conductive core is covered by, in sequence, a silicone rubber insulation, a braided aluminium wire shield with aluminium foil to minimize electromagnetic interference and a silicone rubber outer sheath. An extensive measurement campaign was carried out to dynamically characterize cable specimen of different lengths and cross sections in terms of multi-degree of freedom transfer stiffnesses from 20 to 2000 Hz. In order to investigate possible temperature dependences this dynamic characterisation was carried out for temperatures ranging from -30 until +60 °C. Moreover, additional measurements on bent cable specimen allowed to assess the dependence of the bending stiffness on the cable curvature. It is shown that suitable results can be obtained by modelling the conductive core using an isotropic multi-layer continuum model and by using corrected material characteristics to account for curvature effects. Temperature effects are shown to be negligible within the tested range.
Nijman, Eugene, Buchegger, Blasius, Böhler, Elmar, Zeller, Bernhard, Rejlek, Jan, Faksa, Lukáš, Lukavsky, David
Guide for Conducting an HIRF and Lightning Safety Assessment (HLSA)ARP8482 (Current)6/15/2026
Highly integrated electrical and electronic systems that perform functions within an aircraft may have potential failure conditions during and after exposure to the High-Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) or lightning environments. It is therefore necessary to conduct an HIRF and Lightning Safety Assessment (HLSA) that can identify potential failure conditions resulting from exposure to the aircraft HIRF and lightning environments. The failure conditions, failure conditions classifications, and independence principles identified by Aircraft Functional Hazard Assessment (AFHA), Preliminary Aircraft Safety Assessment (PASA), System Functional Hazard Assessment (SFHA), and Preliminary System Safety Assessment (PSSA), and lessons learned from previous experience, are used to identify proposed requirements during the development process. Ultimately, these requirements will result in a design capable of demonstrating that exposure to the HIRF and lightning environments will not result in adverse effects to the operation of the aircraft. This document provides guidance for conducting the HLSA process to classify the system and its equipment to the appropriate HIRF and Lightning Certification Levels (HLCLs).
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
Guide to Certification of Aircraft in a High-Intensity Radiated Field (HIRF) EnvironmentARP5583B (Current)6/8/2026
This document and the EUROCAE equivalent, ED-107, provides detailed information, guidance, and methods in support of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular (AC) 20-158 and to the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) AMC 20-158. AC 20-158 provides a means, but not the only means, for demonstrating compliance with Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 23.1308 (Amendment 57 and lower), 23.2520 (Amendment 64 and higher), 25.1317, 27.1317, 29.1317, and applicable FAA HIRF special conditions addressing HIRF Protection. AMC 20-158 is applicable to Certification Specifications CS 23.1308 (Amendment 4 and lower), 23.2520 (Amendment 5 and higher), 25.1317, 27.1317, and 29.1317. It should be noted that this document is neither mandatory nor regulatory in nature and does not constitute a regulation or legal interpretation of the regulation. Therefore, an applicant may elect to establish an alternative method of compliance that is acceptable to the certifying airworthiness authorities. The information in this guide represents a collection of the best engineering practices that have been used to certify aircraft HIRF protection. It provides: Practical design considerations HIRF compliance steps Aircraft level verification and testing guidance Detailed guidance for Level A system compliance and testing Detailed guidance for Level B and C system compliance and testing Guidance in the area of continued airworthiness This document provides guidelines for testing the aircraft and equipment for HIRF compliance, with the latter using RTCA DO-160/EUROCAE ED-14 Section 20. This document also contains guidance applicable to both new applications for aircraft certification and historic information applicable to continued compliance with existing aircraft certifications. When establishing continued compliance, it is necessary to review the basis on which the original certification was granted to determine the requirements that were in force at that time in all jurisdictions where the certification was granted.
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
Ultrasound as a New Wireless Power Transfer TechnologyTBMG-550865/1/2026
With the increasing demand for underwater and implantable medical electronics, a stable and continuous power supply is essential. However, conventional wireless charging methods (such as electromagnetic induction and radio frequency-based charging) used in smartphones and wireless earphones suffer from short transmission distances, low energy transfer efficiency in biological tissues, and electromagnetic interference. To overcome these limitations, researchers are now considering the use of ultrasound as a new wireless power transfer technology. Ultrasound has the advantage of being human-friendly and less absorbed by tissues, allowing for more reliable energy transfer in implantable and skin-adherent devices. As a result, wireless charging technology utilizing ultrasonic energy is emerging as the next generation of power transfer.
Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields - Bulk Current Injection (BCI) MethodJ1113/4_202604 (Current)4/22/2026
This SAE Standard defines a method for evaluating the immunity of automotive electrical/electronic devices to radiated electromagnetic fields coupled to the vehicle wiring harness. The method, called bulk current injection (BCI), uses a current probe to inject RF onto the wiring harness in the frequency range of 1 to 400 MHz. BCI is one of a number of test methods that can be used to simulate the electromagnetic field. The test method refers to ISO 11452-4 (please refer to ISO 11452-4 for test procedures). In addition to ISO 11452-4, this test method also includes a differential bulk current injection (DBCI) test. DBCI is described in Section 4 of this document.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Standards
Signal Integrity in Distributed BMS: Reliable SPI and Ethernet Communication for Next-Gen Evs2026-01-01714/7/2026
Distributed battery management systems (BMS) are critical for scaling electric vehicle packs to hundreds of cells, but reliable high-speed communication between modules remains a challenge. Daisy-chained SPI and CAN FD are widely deployed today, while Ethernet is being evaluated for next-generation systems that require higher bandwidth, synchronization, and diagnostics. This paper examines the signal integrity (SI) challenges facing distributed BMS communication, including skew, jitter, crosstalk, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) across PCB traces and wiring harnesses. HyperLynx and SPICE-based simulations are combined with experimental results on a 192-cell test platform to quantify the impact of layout constraints, impedance mismatches, and harness parasitic. Results show that poor SI design can reduce signal margins by more than 18 dB, leading to data corruption and diagnostic failures. Results show poor SI design can reduce signal margins by 18 dB, causing data errors. Measured BER is ≤1×10-12, jitter decreases up to 30%, and Ethernet latency stays below 120 ns under worst-case EMI. Additional testing confirmed SPI and Ethernet maintain stable communication across 192-cell BMS platform. Co-design strategies for PCB routing, termination, and shielding are proposed, achieving up to 30% reduction in jitter and error rates under worst-case EMI conditions. By addressing both current SPI-based systems and future Ethernet implementations, this paper provides practical guidelines for engineers developing distributed BMS architectures that meet ISO 26262 functional safety while enabling scalable and reliable next-generation EV platforms.
Abdul Karim, Abdul Salam
Lightweight Bubble Sheet Panel To Reduce Inverter Noise and Vibration for Electric Vehicles2026-01-04424/7/2026
Inverters are typically integrated into electric drive units for electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce packaging size and cost. However, coupled vibrations from the electric motor and gears are transmitted to the inverter, which can become a dominant noise source due to its large radiative panel. Metal panels are required for electromagnetic interference (EMI) compliance, yet these covers usually lack sufficient stiffness or damping for noise control. Adding ribs and applying damping treatments result in excessive mass, cost, and packaging challenges. A new bubble sheet panel design has been developed to enhance the structural strength and damping performance of the inverter cover while significantly reducing its mass. A thin sheet of aluminum is welded onto the cover in an optimized pattern that enhances stiffness and damping performance while accommodating packaging requirements. The welding pattern can include logos or artistic designs to improve the panel’s appearance. The metal sheets are blown apart between the welds to form a 3D structure that is three times stiffer and twice as strong as a flat monolithic sheet of the same thickness. The composite dual bubble sheets can effectively reduce structural vibration. Damping materials, such as liquid-applied sound deadener (LASD), can be injected into the bubble sheet cavities to significantly improve its damping performance. Prototype bubble sheets have been designed, analyzed, and tested for an integrated inverter used in front-wheel-drive (FWD) electric drive unit for EV applications. Analysis and modal tests show a reduction of 10 to 15 dB at panel resonances with close to 30% reduction in mass. The bubble sheet panel is installed on an integrated inverter and tested in the electric drive unit. Sound power measurements confirm a reduction of up to 10 dB in inverter panel vibration.
He, Song, Bobel, Andrew, Naismith, Gregory, Yi, Wenwen, Patruni, Pavan Kumar
Common Mode Voltage Reduction in Quasi-Z Source Inverter for Electric Vehicle Applications Using MBPWM Technique2026-28-01022/12/2026
Unlike traditional voltage source or current source inverters, ZSI/qZSI can boost and invert DC power in a single stage, making them attractive for applications like EVs where battery voltage may vary. Common mode Voltage (CMV) is the voltage between the neutral point of the motor and ground. High CMV in motor drive systems can cause: Higher leakage currents, Electromagnetic interference (EMI), Insulation stress, bearing currents, leading to premature motor failure. Reducing CMV is essential for reliable and safe EV operation. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is used to control the QZSI output voltage. The QZSI offers several advantages over traditional inverters, including improved efficiency, reduced cost, and increased reliability. The proposed system is designed to reduce the CMV through a combination of passive LC filtering and shoot-through (ST) modulation techniques. The LC filter is designed to attenuate high-frequency components of the CMV while the ST modulation is used to discharge the CMV to the DC bus. MBPWM reduces the common mode voltage due to the optimized distribution of shoot through states across switching period compared to conventional SBPWM technique. So combining LC filtering with MBPWM effectively mitigate the common mode voltage in inverter fed electric drives. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated through simulations using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the proposed system can effectively reduce the CMV and voltage regulation of the QZSI output.
N, Kalaiarasi, R, Rajarajeswari, D, Anitha
Challenges in Compliance Testing of Off-Board Electric Vehicle Chargers: Analysis of Typical Failures and Remedial Measures2026-26-05821/16/2026
As India accelerates the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) the development of a scalable, reliable and efficient charging infrastructure becomes critical to ensuring the success of EV adoption. During type testing, the off board AC/DC EV chargers undergo a comprehensive assessment to ensure they meet safety and performance standards required by regulations. The tests examine crucial factors like electrical safety, EMC (electromagnetic compatibility), interoperability, environmental endurance and mechanical strength. This paper provides information of the India mandatory compliance requirements and highlights typical failure modes observed during the validation process of off-board chargers. Emphasis is placed on challenges associated with electrical safety, EMC performance and interoperability. The objective is to support charger manufacturers to identify potential issues during design and development.
Murumkar, Aditya, Mulay, Abhijit B
Powering the Future: Addressing Power Architecture Bottlenecks in Next Gen Automotive Platforms2026-26-06881/16/2026
As the automotive industry moves from conventional function oriented embedded ECU-based systems to Code-driven system, the core electrical and electronic (E&E) architecture is also being redesigned to support more software-driven functionality. Modern and centralized architectures promise scalability and software-driven flexibility, but they also introduce significant challenges in power distribution—an area that remains underexplored despite its critical role in overall vehicle safety and performance. Our paper aims at the adoption of the traditional power distribution approach for Next Gen vehicle architecture. It requires a fresh look at how power is distributed. In a novel E&E architecture, a single power harness supplies battery voltage to each zone. If there's a failure or voltage drop, it can affect multiple functions within that zone at once, and management of voltage regulation, thermal dissipation, and EMI/EMC compliance becomes crucial. Adding to the complexity, safety-critical systems need power redundancy and isolation to meet Functional Safety standards. Mixed-criticality designs further complicate power management, as they demand strict segregation between critical and non-critical power loads to preserve functionality under fault conditions. The integration of software-controlled power switching and dynamic power management introduces additional failure modes previously unrecognized. Consequently, real-time monitoring and power fault detection are becoming vital for maintaining the health of a vehicle’s power distribution network. Traditional diagnostics, such as On-Board Diagnostics, offer limited checks and periodic alerts, primarily for engine and transmission faults. Advanced capabilities are essential. Through an investigative lens, this paper identifies the key bottlenecks in power distribution and proposes areas for further research and innovation aimed at ensuring resilience, safety, and performance in next-generation vehicles.
Borole, Akash, Warke, Umakant, Chakra, Pipun, Jaisankar, Gokulnath
EMC Regulations of Construction Equipment Vehicles in India: Challenges and Solutions2026-26-01461/16/2026
Requirement for Construction Equipment Vehicles (CEVs) in India is continuously growing as India being fastest growing country in the world in terms of Infrastructure. The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. Thus, with the development of new technologies, the challenges are also ever-increasing from an Electromagnetic Interference, Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) and Safety perspective. Recently CEVs include various types of machines including Compactor, Wheel Loader, Crane, Paver, Truck Crane, Cement Mixer etc. EMC requirements of all these types are internationally governed by ISO 13766-1, 2. This paper provides insights about various considerations to be taken during EMC Tests of each type of machines. It also includes guidelines related to antenna positioning, reference point calculations, Narrow Band and Broad band considerations. It will also provide general EMC guidelines and precautions related to component selection and placement along with typical EMC Failures and its remedies. Considering CMVR requirement in India, AIS 160 (for Diesel Engine CEVs) & AIS 174 (for Electric Power Train CEVs) is already notified and above research will certainly help OEMs to mitigate their EMC problems at early stage and will smoothen their development cycle.
Yeola, Mayur, Shinde, Avinash
Testing Framework and Safety Evaluation for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Charging Systems in Electric Mobility2026-26-01761/16/2026
This paper presents a comprehensive testing framework and safety evaluation for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) charging systems, incorporating advanced theoretical modeling and experimental validation of a modern, integrated 3-in-1 combo unit (PDU, DCDC, OBC). The proliferation of electric vehicles has necessitated the development of resilient and flexible charging solutions, with V2V technology emerging as a critical decentralized infrastructure component. This study establishes a rigorous mathematical framework for power flow analysis, develops novel safety protocols based on IEC 61508 and ISO 26262 functional safety standards, and presents comprehensive experimental validation across 47 test scenarios. The framework encompasses five primary test categories: functional performance validation, power conversion efficiency optimization, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) assessment, thermal management evaluation, and comprehensive fault-injection testing including Byzantine fault scenarios. Through systematic experimental validation using advanced power electronics simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing, we demonstrate 98.2% power conversion efficiency, sub-50ms fault detection response times, and compliance with automotive safety integrity level ASIL-D requirements. Our results establish the theoretical foundations and practical validation methodologies essential for next-generation V2V charging infrastructure deployment.
Uthaman, Sreekumar, Mulay, Abhijit B, Nikam, Sandip B.
A Systematic Debugging Methodology for Identifying Electric Vehicle Level EMC Issues2026-26-05251/16/2026
Electric vehicles present unique challenges in electromagnetic compatibility testing due to compact packaging, high-frequency switching systems. This paper presents a systematic debugging methodology for identifying radiated emission and radiated immunity issues in these EV platforms. A comprehensive approach is outlined, covering radiated emission measurement; Bulk Current Injection based immunity simulation, and near-field probing techniques. For RI evaluation, BCI testing in the 20 to 400 MHz range is used to simulate radiated threats on the vehicle's power and signal harnesses and handy transmitter near field injections for higher frequency simulation. For RE diagnosis, conducted emission measurements on vehicle harnesses are performed using current probes to capture high-frequency currents. Additionally, near-field electric probes are used at the component to identify dominant noise sources such as DC-DC converters, Motor control unit, and improperly grounded shielding. Case studies on various EV vehicles highlight common failure modes. This practical diagnostic workflow provides an efficient toolkit for EMC engineers to accelerate compliance readiness, reduce test iterations, and enhance vehicle-level EMC performance for electric vehicles.
M, Gokul, Patel, Jinay, Mulay, Abhijit B
Methodology to Model EMI from E-motors and Controller in the Frequency Range from 30 to 200 MHz2026-26-05241/16/2026
As EMC testing for E-motor drives gains significance due to the involvement of high-frequency switching and high current systems. The radiated emission testing as per CISPR 25 necessitates utilizing an EMC-proof dynamometer to load the E-motor drives during EMC testing inside EMC chamber, which presents a highly complex and expensive testing arrangement. This paper outlines a detailed approach for modelling radiated emission without the usage of such a complex arrangement, by measuring conducted high-frequency currents on the DC and AC lines of motors and MCUs while utilizing a non-EMC-proof motor dynamometer under loaded conditions. In this paper the measurements are conducted in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 200 MHz where usually more issues due to switching noise occurs. The developed model facilities early stage diagnosis of potential EMC issue, enabling mitigation strategies before motor EMC testing. Validation of the method was performed through experimental comparison with conventional 1 m radiated emission measurement in semi anechoic chamber. This approach offers a practical and cost-effective solution for EMC motor testing at higher loading conditions in pre-compliance evaluation according to CISPR 25 standard.
M, Gokul, Patel, Jinay, Mulay, Abhijit B
Electro Magnetic Radiation Analysis for the Vehicle Cable and Shielding Techniques and Performance Assessment2026-26-05631/16/2026
This study discusses the generalized workflow and design techniques for detecting radiated emissions from vehicle electronic systems to ensure an electromagnetic compatible (EMC) vehicle specified by radiated emission standards such as CISPR-12 and CISPR-25. In this work, CST studio suite software is used to examine the vertical polarization in an E vehicle. The results of the radiated emission are plotted as dBμV/m vs Hz to understand the radiation effects generated by different electronic devices across different frequencies. The discussed method serves as a guide for forming a virtual electromagnetic environment where a real vehicle is simulated to study the interference effects and design a suitable filter to reduce the effect of EMI.
Manuelraj, Masilamani, Prasad, Suryanarayana, Narayanan, Siva Suriya
Review of Conducted EMI by Different PWM Schemes in the EV Inverters2026-26-01811/16/2026
The advent of wide-bandgap (WBG) switching MOSFET devices enables high-frequency operation, allowing for significant reductions in the size of passive components such as inductors and capacitors, and improving the overall efficiency of inverter systems. However, these benefits come with the trade-off of increased electromagnetic interference (EMI), which imposes stringent requirements on filter design. The complexity of designing EMI filters, which depends heavily on switching frequency and applicable EMI standards, presents a significant challenge and can impact development timelines. Carrier wave modulation technique is considered as an effective method for minimizing conducted EMI in traction inverters. This article presents various carrier wave modulation schemes that successfully reduce conducted EMI. The evaluated strategies aim to eliminate noise fluctuations and simplify the design of demanding EMI filters. Additionally, the impact on output voltage, output current, total harmonic distortion, and overall inverter performance has been analyzed. The results demonstrate that the discussed carrier wave modulation techniques can reduce conducted EMI more efficiently than conventional carrier frequency PWM methods.
R, Kodeeswaran, Kuncham, Sateesh Kumar, Kolhatkar, Yashomani
Black Box Approximation of EMI/EMC Filter Parasitic’s2026-26-03681/16/2026
Selecting the right EMI/EMC filter is a major challenge when system noise levels exceed compliance or pre-compliance limits. Inline PCB filters are designed to mitigate noise in standalone conditions, but their behavior changes when integrated into a larger system due to unknown parasitic’s. These parasitic’s can disrupt electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), leading to non-compliance [1, 2]. To address this, engineers often use off-the-shelf EMI filters, but determining their real-world effectiveness remains complex. Even with simulation-based methods, accurately predicting insertion loss and attenuation is difficult due to limitations in conventional modeling approaches [4, 5]. Traditional SPICE-based simulations rely on static models defined at specific frequency points, with interpolated values for intermediate frequencies. This interpolation introduces inaccuracies, affecting the precision of simulated results [6, 8]. To overcome these limitations, we propose a methodology that reconstructs a realistic EMI/EMC filter model based on insertion loss characteristics under symmetrical and unsymmetrical conditions. Our approach involves deconstructing the EMI/EMC filter into its subcomponents—X-capacitance, Y-capacitance, common mode choke CMC, busbar, and PCB traces—and parameterizing them using CST simulations [6, 8]. Instead of relying on physical measurements, which are prone to parasitic influences, we extract subcomponent values from datasheets. We focus on dominant parasitic elements exceeding 1 pF and 1 nH, as lower values predominantly affect GHz-range frequencies rather than the MHz-range compliance limits [4, 5], analyzing impact of parasitic’s on insertion loss, resonance, and damping characteristics, a filter model that represents real-world behavior with a certain error percentage [2, 4, 5]. This methodology results in a high-fidelity EMI/EMC filter model with minimal deviation from actual performance. It enables precise pre-compliance conducted emissions simulations and facilitates optimized filter selection and tuning based on system-specific noise conditions.
Pandey, Devbrat, Unterreiner, Michael, Mishra, Arvind, singh, Ankur
Development of a Data Acquisition System for an Electric Formula SAE Vehicle2025-36-015112/18/2025
The acquisition of sensor data is essential for the operation and validation of the SAE vehicle. This system must be capable of converting analog data into digital form and communicating with the sensors. To this end, printed circuit boards (PCBs) were designed and manufactured, incorporating electromagnetic interference mitigation solutions through various analog filters, in order to ensure the integrity of the acquired signals. Data conversion and communication were implemented using a microprocessor from the STM32 family, with efficient transmission of the processed data carried out via the CAN protocol.
David, Mateus Padilha, Andrade, Fernanda Matsumoto Lima, Sousa Oliveira, Ivan, Carvalho, Luis Pedro Feio, Guerreiro, Joel Filipe, Ribeiro, Rodrigo Eustaquio, Santos Neto, Pedro José
Research on Electromagnetic Interference Identification of Track Circuit Equipment Based on CNN Transformer2025-99-041612/10/2025
This paper proposes a track circuit interference identification model, which combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and transformer architecture to identify common types of electromagnetic interference in track circuit equipment. The model maps the time-frequency characteristics of the input monitoring signal into high-dimensional features through the deep learning model, and classifies the interference modes. Subsequently, a variety of common interference signals are generated for experimental verification, and the proposed model performs well on the test data. Ablation experiments show that the combination of convolutional neural network and attention mechanism can effectively improve the classification performance of interference.
Wei, Zijun, Yang, Shiwu, Dai, Meng, Feng, Qin, Chu, Shaotong
Significance of EMC Tests for Construction Equipment Vehicles2025-28-025611/6/2025
Requirement for Construction Equipment Vehicles (CEVs) in India is continuously growing due to India’s focus on infrastructure development. Technology in the automotive industry has evolved rapidly in recent times and it is also adding new dimensions to the compliance to Electromagnetic Interference, Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) and Safety. EMC and Safety requirements of CEVs are internationally governed by ISO 13766, Part 1 & Part 2. This paper discusses the significance of each aspect specified in these standards and its applicability. Due to nature of work carried out by construction equipment, there is absolutely no scope for compromise on safety for the same. Although Construction equipment standards are based on automotive standards, there are few additional tests which are part of ISO 13766, Part 1 and 2. This paper explains each aspect with practical case study. It also provides general EMC guidelines and precautions to be followed during design validation and product validation. It also provides information on basic “thumb-rules” related to component selection, placement, shielding, grounding, etc. Considering current CMVR requirement in India, AIS 160 (for ICE CEVs) & AIS 174 (for Electric Power Train CEVs) are already published and this paper can help OEMs to mitigate their EMC problems at early stage and to shorten their development cycle.
Yeola, Mayur, Nigade, Mahesh, Mulay, Abhijit B
Research on Vehicle Fuel Abnormal Reduction Monitoring and Alert System Based on Dual-Mode Energy-Saving Control Technology2025-99-002510/17/2025
As an important bridge connecting cities and rural areas, highway transportation has an irreplaceable role in regional economic development [1]. Accompanied by the booming development of long-distance transportation industry, strengthening highway transportation is of great significance to improve people's living standards [2], but because of the special characteristics of truck transportation, fuel theft is frequent, seriously endangering the driver's life and the safety of goods transportation, although the police in the severe crackdown, but fuel theft seems to be in addition to inexhaustible, truck drivers lose oil incidents still occur from time to time, due to the increasingly serious energy problems, the world's countries have Due to the increasingly serious energy problems, countries around the world have formulated strict automotive fuel consumption rate (hereinafter referred to as fuel consumption) regulations [3], in the transportation process to prevent fuel theft is of great significance. Foreign research on fuel theft prevention can be traced back to around 2009, when the International Road Transport Union (IRU) conducted a relevant study in the UK [4]. In addition, the research on fuel theft of trucks in the EU-funded TSS project in 2018 has been more systematic [5]; in 2020, more research literature on fuel theft has also appeared. Domestic related starting research is late, research on fuel monitoring and vehicle tracking only appeared around 2012, after which research gradually increased; a commercial vehicle antitheft fuel alarm device design was proposed in 2013. However, with the continuous development of automotive technology, the original fuel anti-theft research is no longer applicable to the development of modern fuel tank components and has certain limitations. Therefore, this study takes this opportunity to deeply investigate the means of fuel theft and the defects of existing measures, draw on advanced concepts at home and abroad, innovatively put forward the dual-mode architecture system program according to the length of the vehicle stopping time, integrating energy-saving control, multilevel alarms, and location information processing technology, and is made of hardware selection, software programming, and model assembly and debugging. After testing, the system is stable in all functions, effectively monitors fuel anomalies and accurately grades alarms, solves the problem of excessive energy loss by long-time parking anti-theft, and plays an effective warning and reminder effect by utilizing the long-distance and short-distance dual-alarm processing system. However, there are fluctuations in the stability of data transmission and occasional delays in the response of some sensors under extreme complex electromagnetic interference, and the technical flaws will be overcome to improve stability and robustness.
Liu, Yuzhen, Duan, ShuWen
BEV Powertrain Analytics: Network Pulse Ringing – Ripple Currents - NVH Topics2025-24-01349/7/2025
The interaction of electric, electronic (E/E) and mechanical components defines the quality of a BEV’s powertrain. Component selection, their integration and calibration aim at meeting legal requirements for EMC and safety as well as competitive targets for efficiency, NVH and driving comfort. These tasks in particular need attention on electromagnetic events on the DC bus, the high-power electronics of inverters, the e-motors, and the drive shaft. Each component within this environment is defined by its electromechanical features with variabilities selected from a large set of operating parameters. Consequently, a complete powertrain and its controllers give rise to endless combinations for powertrain operation. How to understand and avoid risk laden and ineffective parameter options, how to find powertrain control parameters for safe, efficient and comfortable operation? And how to find solutions within competitive development timeframes? Particular issues include high voltage risks on AC and DC bus, AC resonant ripple currents on the DC lines, or risks arising from powertrain dynamics and impacting NVH quality and driving comfort. Such issues are addressed with extensive system simulations and, finally, with comprehensive testing a powertrain’s electric, electronic and mechanical behavior. The focus of this paper is on E/E and NVH signal analytics guiding the integration of powertrain modules: E/E challenges arise from voltage bursts at MHz frequencies endangering insulation of stator windings and cables. Current ripples on the HV-DC bus may endanger auxiliary components. Motor operation and drive shaft dynamics must not compromise NVH quality and component durability.
Winklhofer, Ernst, Berglez, Manuel, Kiss, Gergely, Platzer, Thomas
The Future of EMI Shielding Is Lightweight, Flexible, and Ready for Flight25AERP09_059/1/2025
Modern military aircraft represent some of the most complex electronic environments ever engineered. These platforms integrate advanced avionics, radar systems, data links, and communication networks that must function seamlessly in hostile, high-frequency environments. In these mission-critical contexts, electromagnetic interference (EMI) poses a silent but serious threat that can degrade signal integrity, cause crosstalk between systems, or even lead to mission failure. The combination of increasing data rates, higher frequencies, and more complex electromagnetic environments demands shielding solutions that can deliver superior performance while contributing to overall system weight reduction. This challenge has driven innovation toward advanced materials that maintain electrical effectiveness while dramatically reducing mass.
10 Megabit/sec Network Configuration Digital Time Division Command/Response Multiplex Data BusAS5652A (Current)4/28/2025
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) contains requirements for a digital time division command/response multiplex data bus, for use in systems integration that is functionally similar to MIL-STD-1553B with Notice 2 but with a star topology and some deleted functionality. Even with the use of this document, differences may exist between multiplex data buses in different system applications due to particular application requirements and the options allowed in this document. The system designer must recognize this fact and design the multiplex bus controller (BC) hardware and software to accommodate such differences. These designer selected options must exist to allow the necessary flexibility in the design of specific multiplex systems in order to provide for the control mechanism, architectural redundancy, degradation concept, and traffic patterns peculiar to the specific application requirements.
AS-1A Avionic Networks Committee
A Novel EV Inverter Drive System with Integrated Single Stage Buck-Boost and Sinusoidal Output Voltage2025-01-85714/1/2025
A battery electric vehicle (BEV) employs a traction inverter to control a traction motor. One popular configuration is to make a HV battery directly connected to the input of the motor inverter. As a result, the maximum motor voltage is limited by the state of charge (SOC) of the traction battery. When the battery voltage is low the maximum motor speed and power are limited. This voltage limitation can be solved by using a traditional boost converter-based inverter. However, this approach has several disadvantages. The motor winding terminals see a PWM voltage, which results in high frequency harmonics that lead to EMI, NVH and potential additional insulation stress. Also, there are PWM-induced common mode voltages that are known to produce bearing failures as well as EMI/EMC problems that are extremely difficult to eliminate. Finally, the topology is significantly more expensive due to the high number of active switching devices needed. To solve some of the limitations and issues described above, a buck-boost inverter topology-based motor drive system is proposed. The new system employs a single-stage voltage buck/boost integrated inverter. The main advantage of this topology is that it produces a sinusoidal output voltage instead of the traditional PWM output voltage, and a constant common mode voltage instead of a pulse voltage. These features provide benefits to the electric drive with a wide range of motor voltage regardless of battery SOC without additional active switches, no high-frequency harmonics to motor, less NVH and EMI/EMC concerns, potential lower motor losses, reduction of voltage stress in stator windings, and drastically reducing potential bearing current-related failures. The paper addresses technical details of the proposed electric drive system in terms of its traction inverter circuit topology, operating principle, control method, and verification to demo the above advantages.
Ge, Baoming, Munoz, Alfredo R., Jiang, Hong
Robust Quantum Sensors ProgramTBMG-528794/1/2025
Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA) Arlington, VA outreach@darpa.mil
Considerations for both Silicon and Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors in Electric AircraftSM_AVTOL_2025-53262/3/2025
With continued progress towards aircraft electrification, power electronic devices and converter topologies have become increasingly critical to successful designs and to OEM competitiveness. This work treats both but focuses on the former, semiconductor devices in both actuation and propulsion applications. A comparative examination of silicon and silicon carbide is provided within the scope of energy loss mechanisms, EMI/EMC impacts at the system level, as well as non-technical considerations
Dillard, William, Chiang, Jason, Gole, Amit, Chenetz, Steven
Research on Invalid Target Filtering and Target Tracking Algorithm Optimization in Millimeter-Wave Radar Technology2025-01-70351/31/2025
The application of millimeter-wave radar technology in autonomous driving has become increasingly widespread with the rapid development of intelligent transportation systems. However, millimeter-wave radar is easily affected by environmental noise, multipath reflections, and electromagnetic interference, resulting in a large number of invalid target signals that reduce the system’s detection accuracy and safety. We proposes a method for filtering invalid targets based on interference signal characteristics and an Adaptive Interactive Multiple Model Kalman Filter (IMM-KF) target tracking algorithm. First, we effectively filter out empty targets, ghost targets, and false targets through a threshold method and lifecycle assessment, achieving a filtering rate exceeding 99.8%. Second, the improved Adaptive IMM-KF algorithm, combined with the Hungarian algorithm, associates and tracks multiple targets. The root mean square error (RMSE) of our methods is reduced by 7.07% and 8.05% compared to the traditional IMM and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithms in scenarios with a single pedestrian moving in a straight line. And in scenarios involving both pedestrians and motor vehicles, the RMSE is reduced by 4.29% and 7.61% compared to the traditional IMM and UKF algorithms, respectively. Real-vehicle experiments have validated the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method across various scenarios.
Liu, Qi, Song, Kang, Xie, Hui, Meng, Chunyang
LEDs and Aircraft ApplicationsARP6253A (Current)1/9/2025
This document presents minimum criteria for the design and installation of LED assemblies in aircraft. The use of "shall" in this specification expresses provisions that are binding. Nonmandatory provisions use the term "should."
A-20C Interior Lighting
Electromagnetic Interference Measurement Study from Various Electric Drive Train2024-28-013812/5/2024
The article presents radio frequency electromagnetic emission measurement results from a Vehicle semi-anechoic chamber (VSAC) with different electric drivetrains under loading conditions. The measurements are conducted based on AIS 004 part-3 and CISPR 12 standard guidelines in which radiated broadband emissions in the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 GHz using quasi-peak detector is measured [1, 2, 3]. Categories of vehicles such as Two-wheeler and three-wheeler drivetrains are selected for this study. Typically, the measurements are done with no road loading condition as per standard recommendation. However, in this paper, we studied the effects of loading conditions with the help of a chassis dynamometer. The study examines and discusses how various vehicle architectures behave under different conditions.
Mulay, Abhijit B, M, Gokul, Patel, Jinay M
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Scaling Wireless EV Charging with SAE J29541348410/30/2024
How close is the EV industry to commercializing wireless charging? The answer lies in the SAE J2954 standard which establishes an industry-wide specification that defines the acceptable criteria for interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for wireless power transfer (WPT) of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles. For the latest insight, we sat down with Jesse Schneider, CEO/CTO, ZEV Station, and Chair, SAE Wireless Charging Taskforce for SAE J2954, and Ky Sealy, Engineering Fellow, WiTricity, and Subteam Lead of Wireless Charging Alignment for SAE J2954, to discuss the recent developments and the next generation of wireless power transfer. For more on the evolution of wireless charging adoption from ZEV Station and WiTricity, check out Episode 166 and Episode 114 in our back catalog. And if developing industry standards interests you, consider joining an SAE Committee. For more information, please email Standards Specialist, Dante Rahdar, at dante.rahdar@sae.org. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to follow SAE Tomorrow Today--a podcast where we discuss emerging technology and trends in mobility with the leaders, innovators and strategists making it all happen--and give us a review on your preferred podcasting platform. Follow SAE on LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Follow host Grayson Brulte on LinkedIn, Twitter, and Instagram.
Hineman, Marcie
Fiber Optic Sensor Specification Guidelines for Aerospace ApplicationsARP6366 (Current)10/8/2024
ARP6366 defines a comprehensive and widely-accepted set of specification guidelines to be considered by those seeking to use or design fiber optic sensors for aerospace applications. Some of the most common applications for fiber optic sensing within aerospace include inertial guidance and navigation (gyros) and structural monitoring (temperature, strain, and vibration sensing). Common sensor infrastructure elements include: transmitting and receiving opto-electronics (e.g., sources and receivers); multiplexing and demultiplexing optics; optical cabling; and signal processing (both hardware and firmware/software).
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
To 6G and Beyond: Penn Engineers Unlock the Next Generation of Wireless Communications24AERP08_078/1/2024
In the early 2010s, LightSquared, a multibillion-dollar startup promising to revolutionize cellular communications, declared bankruptcy. The company couldn't figure out how to prevent its signals from interfering with those of GPS systems. Now, Penn Engineers have developed a new tool that could prevent such problems from ever happening again: an adjustable filter that can successfully prevent interference, even in higher-frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.
771-3 Low-Earth Orbiting Aviation Satellite Communication SystemsARINC771-3 (Current)7/26/2024
This document sets forth the desired characteristics of the Iridium Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) Aviation Satellite Communication (Satcom) System avionics intended for installation in all types of aircraft including commercial transport, business, and general aviation aircraft. This document provides a description of the system components, aircraft interfaces, and satellite communication functions. It also describes the desired system performance and operational capability of the equipment. The equipment defined in these standards are capable of supporting Air Traffic Safety Serices. This characteristic specifies equipment using the next generation of Iridium satellites (referred to as Iridium NEXT) operating in L band. The services used on the NEXT network are referred to as Iridium Certus®. Based on maximum baud rates and antenna configuration different Certus Service Classes are offered. The Iridium NEXT/Certus satellite network replaces the Iridium legacy satellite network known as Block 1.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
829 Guidance for Wireless Use of COTS Crew DevicesARINC829 (Current)7/24/2024
This standard provides guidance on the preferred methods for establishing wireless connectivity and security for EFB devices. The Wireless Access Point (WAP) may be connected to an Aircraft Interface Device (AID) and/or the Inflight Entertainment System (IFE). Passenger devices are out of scope for this standard.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
Electromagnetic Compatibility Assessment of Electric Vehicles during DC-Charging with European Combined Charging System2024-01-30087/2/2024
The ongoing energy transition will have a profound impact on future mobility, with electrification playing a key role. Battery electric vehicles (EVs) are the dominant technology, relying on the conversion of alternating current (AC) from the grid to direct current (DC) to charge the traction battery. This process involves power electronic components such as rectifiers and DC/DC converters operating at high switching frequencies in the kHz range. Fast switching is essential to minimise losses and improve efficiency, but it might also generate electro-magnetic interferences (EMI). Hence, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing is essential to ensure reliable system operations and to meet international standards. During DC charging, the AC/DC conversion takes place off-board in the charging station, allowing for better cooling and larger components, resulting in increased power transfer, currently up to 350 kW. The EMC requirements for this charging method are outlined in IEC 61851-21-2. This paper presents possible test setups supporting the standard. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for measurements not only in controlled laboratories, but also at real charging stations within their specific environments. Therefore, a mobile test setup is introduced and validated. It can be connected to any public DC charging station using a European standard plug CCS-2 (Combined Charging System 2). In addition, the emerging concept of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) is gaining prominence. The objective is to leverage electric vehicles as mobile energy storage for grid optimization and stabilization. The proposed test setup also allows to take these operating states into account concerning conducted interference emissions. As the transition to electric mobility progresses, these investigations contribute ensuring the seamless integration of EVs into the evolving energy landscape.
Supa Stölben, Inti Runa, Beltle, Michael, Tenbohlen, Stefan
858P1-1 Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) for Aeronautical Safety Services, Part 1, Technical RequirementsARINC858P1-1 (Current)7/2/2024
ARINC 858 Part 1 defines the airborne data communication network infrastructure for aviation safety services using the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). ARINC 858 builds upon ICAO Doc 9896, Manual on the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN) using Internet Protocol Suite (IPS) Standards and Protocol. IPS will extend the useful life of data comm services presently used by operators, e.g., VDL, Inmarsat SBB, Iridium NEXT, and others. It represents the evolutionary path from ACARS and ATN/OSI to the end state: ATN/IPS. ARINC 858 includes advanced capabilities such as aviation security and mobility. This product was developed in coordination with ICAO WG-I, RTCA SC-223, and EUROCAE WG-108.
Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee
A CDMA Based Approach for QoS Improvement in Intra-Aircraft Wireless Sensor Networks (IAWSN)2024-26-04356/1/2024
Aviation industry is striving to leverage the technological advancements in connectivity, computation and data analytics. Scalable and robust connectivity enables futuristic applications like smart cabins, prognostic health management (PHM) and AI/ML based analytics for effective decision making leading to flight operational efficiency, optimized maintenance planning and aircraft downtime reduction. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are gaining prominence on the aircraft for providing large scale connectivity solution that are essential for implementing various health monitoring applications like Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), Prognostic Health Management (PHM), etc. and control applications like smart lighting, smart seats, smart lavatory, etc. These applications help in improving passenger experience, flight operational efficiency, optimized maintenance planning and aircraft downtime reduction. Intra Aircraft WSNs (IAWSN) used for such applications are expected to provide robust and reliable communication performance. However, IAWSNs, when deployed, must co-exist with other wireless devices and networks based on Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies. Sharing of the ISM frequency band (2.4 GHz) among these networks makes the co-existence problem more challenging and has a significant impact on the Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of throughput, latency and Packet Error Rate (PER) of IAWSN. In addition, they are subjected to additional electromagnetic interference from other electronic and avionic systems onboard aircraft. There are various channel management, priority-based scheduling and time-sharing techniques that are deployed currently to address the co-existence problem. However, these methods perform a trade-off among one or more operational parameters like channel bandwidth, number of nodes per channel, throughput, latency, PER, etc. of IAWSN. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) technique is a proven one in cellular networks for providing reliable interference free communication performance especially in large scale networks. This paper evaluates the feasibility of deploying CDMA for IEEE 802.15.4 based IAWSN onboard aircraft. A CDMA based communication schema is proposed and simulated for IAWSN operating as per IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. The communication performance of the CDMA based IAWSN is evaluated in comparison with the performance of a standard IEEE 802.15.4 protocol implementation in the presence of interference from the co-nodes of the IAWSN and Wi-Fi devices by analyzing the QoS parameters like signal to noise ratio (SNR), operational bandwidth, Bit-Error Rate (BER) and Process Gain through simulation. Simulations results are evaluated against the desired performance level for a reference use case application. Improvement opportunities are identified and areas for future research are proposed.
C S, Adishesha, Ramamurthy, Prasanna, Banerjee, Kumardeb, Barik, Mridul Sankar
Construction and Calibration of Parallel Plate Transmission Line for Electromagnetic Interference Susceptibility TestingAIR1209 (Current)5/29/2024
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to provide information relating to the construction, calibration, and usage of parallel plate transmission lines in electromagnetic compatibility susceptibility testing.
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
Field Measurements of the Airflow in the Urban Environment: An RPAS Use-Case in Montréal, CanadaF-0080-2024-11335/7/2024
A use-case was conducted in Montréal in the summer and fall of 2023 to measure urban airflow characteristics using a small Remotely-Piloted Air System (sRPAS). The goal of the study was to acquire urban airflow data in a real environment in order to validate urban airflow characteristics from laboratory-scale testing conducted previously. The use-case took place in the downtown core of Montréal and involved flights from two hospitals to a variety of other buildings. The sRPAS was instrumented with an airflow measurement system. Fixed rooftop anemometer stations were also installed on top of buildings along the flight paths to measure urban airflow at altitudes within close proximity to rooftops. The study generated a valuable data set for characterizing sRPAS operations in urban environments. A number of operational challenges were experienced including the difficulty associated with visual line of sight operations with an urban backdrop, avoiding conditions that could lead to loss of command and control link, and the need to monitor electromagnetic interference during flight operations. The use-case produced evidence of the impact of urban airflows on the stability and response of sRPAS. High wind speeds and turbulence intensities were found in the urban flow field of Montréal. The sRPAS use-case results were used to validate wind-speed and turbulence characteristics from laboratory-scale testing on Canadian cities.
McTavish, Sean, Wall, Alanna, Barber, Hali
Spectrum Analyzers for Electromagnetic Interference MeasurementsAIR1255 (Current)5/1/2024
This AIR was prepared to inform the aerospace industry about the electromagnetic interference measurement capability of spectrum analyzers. The spectrum analyzers considered are of the wide dispersion type which are electronically tuned over an octave or wider frequency range. The reason for limiting the AIR to this type of spectrum analyzer is that several manufacturers produce them as general-purpose instruments, and their use for EMI measurement will give significant time and cost savings. The objective of the AIR is to give a description of the spectrum analyzers, consider the analyzer parameters, and describe how the analyzers are usable for collection of EMI data. The operator of a spectrum analyzer should be thoroughly familiar with the analyzer and the technical concepts reviewed in this AIR before performing EMI measurements.
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
A Study on Optimization Development of Cooling Fan Motor for EMC2024-01-19884/9/2024
With the trend of electrification and connectivity, more electrified parts and more integrated chips are being applied. Consequently, potential problems based on electro-magnetic could occur more easily, and interest on EMC performance has been rising according to the degree of electrification. In this paper, one of the most severe systems, cooling fan motor in terms of EMI, is analyzed and improvement methods are suggested for each type of cooling fan. Additionally, an optimized configuration of improvement method for EMC has been derived through analysis and study. Finally, verification and validation are implemented at the system and vehicle levels. In this paper, the following effects were obtained by analyzing the cooling fan motor system and reviewing and optimizing the design factors from the EMC perspective. (1) Analyzing the impact of each EMC reduction device currently applied to the cooling fan motor according to specifications and optimizing the specification combination based on the results. The optimization was applied to the actual vehicle in mass production. (2) Checking the relationship between the frequency domain and the operating condition of the cooling fan in terms of the RE/CE performance regulation value for the cooling fan motor and suggesting mitigation of the regulation value by considering environmental condition of the cooling fan to optimize the noise reduction filter specifications. It allows improving profitability by reducing vehicle costs. (3) Analyzing all surge-influencing factors in the TE performance regulation of the cooling fan motor and devising a logic based on the results. The system was constructed to satisfy EMC performance without applying any improvement elements or devices, thereby improving profitability. (4) The EMC design specifications of other similar parts can refer to the optimization methodology presented in this paper for profitability improvement.
Son, Jiwan, Lim, Taewoong, Kim, Chang Hwan
Wireless Power Transfer in Aircraft Systems2024-01-19273/5/2024
The aerospace industry is noticing significant shift towards More Electric Aircraft (MEA). The advancement of electrical technology the systems are being transformed towards electric compared to the conventional pneumatic or hydraulic systems. This has led to an increased demand in electrical power from 150 Kilo Watts in the conventional airplane to 1 Mega Watts in More Electric Aircraft. More electric systems, call for increased electrical wiring harness to connect various systems in the aircraft. These harnesses consist of power and data cables. Wireless communication technology is being matured for data communication, leading to reduction of wire harness for data. As of now, the length of wires in large commercial aircraft is over 100miles and it may not be surprising if the electrification of aircraft drive this too much longer. In this paper, a comparative study of various wireless power transfer techniques for DC voltage configuration and the corresponding challenges in an aircraft environment are presented. Challenges in meeting the certification standards as per the RTCA DO-160 for EMI/EMC and power quality are discussed. From various Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) techniques, the technology, architecture suitable for aerospace application is discussed. The models and simulation results are presented. Possibility of deploying WPT alongside WAIC strategy is proposed. The performance of the proposed current control methodology is presented. Potential for future research is laid out based on the study of various technologies.
C S, Adishesha, Thirunarayana, Ashok Kumar, Shreshthi, Mahadevanna, Barik, Mridul Sankar, Banerjee, Kumardeb
Corrosion Control and Electrical Conductivity in Enclosure DesignARP1481B (Current)2/27/2024
Corrosion control is always of concern to the designer of electronic enclosures. The use of EMI gaskets to provide shielding often creates requirements that are in conflict with ideal corrosion control. This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) presents a compatibility table (see Figure 1) which has as its objective a listing of metallic couples that are compatible from a corrosion aspect and which still maintain a low contact impedance.
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
Rydberg Technologies Shows Potential of Long-Range RF with Quantum Sensor at NetModX2324AERP02_062/1/2024
Rydberg Technologies, an Ann Arbor, Michigan-based quantum technology startup, demonstrated the use of an atomic receiver for long-range RF applications during the NetModX23 event hosted by the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) C5ISR Center in December. The 2023 edition of NetModX featured 10 weeks of experimentation spanning 62 different technologies across 17 focus areas and five modernization priorities including “Future Vertical Lift, Long-Range Precision Fires, Network, Next Generation Combat Vehicle and Soldier Lethality,” according to the Army. A major goal sought by the C5ISR Center with NetModX is to take technologies that are nearing maturity from research labs directly into operational environments for assessments by active warfighters.
Automotive EMC Analysis of Touch Sensing IC2024-26-03531/16/2024
The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. Thus, with the development of new technologies, the challenges are also ever-increasing from an Electromagnetic Interference and Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) perspective. A lot of the latest technologies in Adaptive Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which include Rear Drive Assist, Blind Spot Detection (BSD), Lane Change Assist (LCA) to name a few, and other features like Anti-Braking System (ABS), Emergency Brake Assist (EBD) etc. rely heavily on different types of sensors and their detection circuitry. In addition, a lot of other internal functions in the Engine Control Unit (ECU) also depend on such sensors’ functionalities. Thus, it becomes imperative to study the potential impact of higher field emissions on the immunity behaviour of the sensors. In this paper, we will study the immunity behaviour of such an automotive capacitive touch-sensing integrated circuit (IC) and its impact on the application of the same. A Direct Power Injection (DPI) test is conducted on the IC and the immunity behaviour is extracted by simulation methodology. In order to enhance the overall immunity performance in a practical application, a reference design board is developed, and the immunity performance is measured by the Bulk Current Injection (BCI) technique. In addition, the measured BCI test results are simulated and validated based on the extracted immunity behaviour of the IC. This study shows that the immunity performance of the sensors’ circuitry can be effectively predicted by a simulation-based approach, thereby allowing system engineers to utilize this approach in early design stages to predict possible immunity EMI/EMC test failures and make necessary changes in design to avoid multiple PCB design and EMI/EMC testing iterations.
Boya, Vinay Kumar, Adhyapak, Anoop, Komma, Vineetha, Sahoo, Manoranjan
Comparison between State of Art Performance of GaN and SiC Converters for Electric Vehicle Application2024-26-01341/16/2024
The automotive industry is witnessing remarkable progress in various facets of vehicle design, encompassing powertrain. To further boost the performance and efficiency of electric vehicles, researchers and designers are venturing beyond conventional silicon-based solutions into cutting-edge technologies. Among these, the application of wide-bandgap materials, specifically silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), in power-semiconductor devices for electric vehicles has gained significant popularity. Wide-bandgap-based voltage source converters crafted from SiC and GaN materials demonstrate superior efficiency when compared to their silicon counterparts. However, it is crucial to note that their performance largely hinges on their utilization at high switching frequencies. With the aim of identifying the most suitable technology for future electric vehicle applications, researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis comparing the efficiency of SiC and GaN devices. The investigation encompassed critical factors such as conduction loss, switching loss, breakdown voltage, and thermal comparison. In addition to efficiency considerations, the study also addressed concerns related to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) arising from these wide-bandgap semiconductors. Special attention was given to the EMI/EMC performance of GaN and SiC converters in electric vehicle power systems, covering aspects such as EMI noise. The ultimate objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of SiC and GaN, in electric vehicle charger. This evaluation involved a comparative analysis of their fundamental performance parameters and application costs, all with the overarching goal of enhancing efficiency and achieving superior performance for electric vehicles. Moreover, the researchers sought to strike an optimal balance between vehicle performance and cost, enabling the drawing of market-specific conclusions on this pivotal aspect of electric vehicle technology.
Mehrotra, Soumya, Ray, Rakesh Kumar, Pandey, Devbrat, Naithani, Hardik
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 782