Browse Topic: Electromagnetic compatibility

Items (757)
ABSTRACT This paper will discuss a hybrid approach for antenna placement optimization on tactical vehicles. Tactical vehicles tend to have collocated antennas that operate in adjacent frequency bands. It may be required that two antennas operate simultaneously to satisfy a wide range of voice and data capabilities. The current process to optimize the location of antennas on platforms involves longer test times, complicated logistics, high costs, and is usually performed in an uncontrolled environment. In order to optimize the placement location and minimize the cosite interference between these antennas with consideration to the top deck obstructions, it is advantageous to use a hybrid method. The hybrid method presented here is the combination of Electromagnetic (EM) Modeling and Simulation (M&S) and Laboratory Hardware in the Loop (HWIL) testing. This paper presents the benefits of using this hybrid method in the areas of test time reduction, lessening costs, easing logistics, and
Ortiz Palou, Erick E.Garner, Timothy J.Palafox, George
ABSTRACT This paper will discuss trends in compatibility issues between radio systems and Tactical Vehicle on-board systems which have been identified as potential interference sources and discuss electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between co-located radio systems. All Tactical vehicles have electronic systems which come as part of the base vehicle, such as lights, air-conditioners, wind shield wipers, etc. all of which have the potential to disrupt communications. To further complicate the radio frequency environment today’s tactical vehicles are being outfitted with new sophisticated technology such as programmable communications systems, sensor systems and remote weapon stations. The new systems are complex and are subject to emitting and absorbing electromagnetic radiation which can severely degrade radio system performance and cause inadvertent electromagnetic fratricide
Busayadilok, TanyaBohn, Frank A.
ABSTRACT BAE Systems has developed a system level approach for identifying the issues associated with collocating Blue Force Communications with other on-board emitters. Specific scenarios include broadband interference caused by Electronic Warfare (EW) and radio congestion. Our approach is divided into three (3) functional areas to resolve this complex situation: (1) the proper selection and placement of Advanced Antenna Structures. (2) Receiver front end overloading protection through the use of a Wide Band Frequency Domain Cancellation Analog/Digital RF cancellation process. (3) The further refinement of the signal through the use of Digital Signal Processing for interference estimation, tracking, and cancellation based on efficient adaptive algorithms
Beltz, RandolphHombs, BandonMouyos, William
Abstract This paper will discuss inadvertent electromagnetic compatibility issues between communication systems, electrical components in tactical vehicles. These inadvertent electromagnetic interferences (EMI) are attributed to the potential system performance degradation to communications. This paper will provide a practical engineering approach to mitigate EMI issues. Traditionally EMI issues were dealt with by applying Military Standards (MIL-STD). However, it is important to point out that meeting these MIL-STD on individual system level doesn’t necessary imply system integrity is maintained when integrated with other systems. The integration of multiple systems in a common platform is why EMI issues must be evaluated as integrated by a different approach. The EMI mitigation techniques discussed in this paper should be adopted by integrators as standard practices and procedures used during development and integration of new tactical vehicles. In summary this paper will highlight
Ortiz, ErickBohn, Frank A.
ARP6366 defines a comprehensive and widely-accepted set of specification guidelines to be considered by those seeking to use or design fiber optic sensors for aerospace applications. Some of the most common applications for fiber optic sensing within aerospace include inertial guidance and navigation (gyros) and structural monitoring (temperature, strain, and vibration sensing). Common sensor infrastructure elements include: transmitting and receiving opto-electronics (e.g., sources and receivers); multiplexing and demultiplexing optics; optical cabling; and signal processing (both hardware and firmware/software
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
The ongoing energy transition will have a profound impact on future mobility, with electrification playing a key role. Battery electric vehicles (EVs) are the dominant technology, relying on the conversion of alternating current (AC) from the grid to direct current (DC) to charge the traction battery. This process involves power electronic components such as rectifiers and DC/DC converters operating at high switching frequencies in the kHz range. Fast switching is essential to minimise losses and improve efficiency, but it might also generate electro-magnetic interferences (EMI). Hence, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) testing is essential to ensure reliable system operations and to meet international standards. During DC charging, the AC/DC conversion takes place off-board in the charging station, allowing for better cooling and larger components, resulting in increased power transfer, currently up to 350 kW. The EMC requirements for this charging method are outlined in IEC 61851
Supa Stölben, Inti RunaBeltle, MichaelTenbohlen, Stefan
Aviation industry is striving to leverage the technological advancements in connectivity, computation and data analytics. Scalable and robust connectivity enables futuristic applications like smart cabins, prognostic health management (PHM) and AI/ML based analytics for effective decision making leading to flight operational efficiency, optimized maintenance planning and aircraft downtime reduction. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are gaining prominence on the aircraft for providing large scale connectivity solution that are essential for implementing various health monitoring applications like Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), Prognostic Health Management (PHM), etc. and control applications like smart lighting, smart seats, smart lavatory, etc. These applications help in improving passenger experience, flight operational efficiency, optimized maintenance planning and aircraft downtime reduction. Intra Aircraft WSNs (IAWSN) used for such applications are expected to provide robust
C S, AdisheshaRamamurthy, PrasannaBanerjee, KumardebBarik, Mridul Sankar
This AIR was prepared to inform the aerospace industry about the electromagnetic interference measurement capability of spectrum analyzers. The spectrum analyzers considered are of the wide dispersion type which are electronically tuned over an octave or wider frequency range. The reason for limiting the AIR to this type of spectrum analyzer is that several manufacturers produce them as general-purpose instruments, and their use for EMI measurement will give significant time and cost savings. The objective of the AIR is to give a description of the spectrum analyzers, consider the analyzer parameters, and describe how the analyzers are usable for collection of EMI data. The operator of a spectrum analyzer should be thoroughly familiar with the analyzer and the technical concepts reviewed in this AIR before performing EMI measurements
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is intended to provide information relating to the construction, calibration, and usage of parallel plate transmission lines in electromagnetic compatibility susceptibility testing
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
With the trend of electrification and connectivity, more electrified parts and more integrated chips are being applied. Consequently, potential problems based on electro-magnetic could occur more easily, and interest on EMC performance has been rising according to the degree of electrification. In this paper, one of the most severe systems, cooling fan motor in terms of EMI, is analyzed and improvement methods are suggested for each type of cooling fan. Additionally, an optimized configuration of improvement method for EMC has been derived through analysis and study. Finally, verification and validation are implemented at the system and vehicle levels. In this paper, the following effects were obtained by analyzing the cooling fan motor system and reviewing and optimizing the design factors from the EMC perspective. (1) Analyzing the impact of each EMC reduction device currently applied to the cooling fan motor according to specifications and optimizing the specification combination
Son, JiwanLim, TaewoongKim, Chang Hwan
The aerospace industry is noticing significant shift towards More Electric Aircraft (MEA). The advancement of electrical technology the systems are being transformed towards electric compared to the conventional pneumatic or hydraulic systems. This has led to an increased demand in electrical power from 150 Kilo Watts in the conventional airplane to 1 Mega Watts in More Electric Aircraft. More electric systems, call for increased electrical wiring harness to connect various systems in the aircraft. These harnesses consist of power and data cables. Wireless communication technology is being matured for data communication, leading to reduction of wire harness for data. As of now, the length of wires in large commercial aircraft is over 100miles and it may not be surprising if the electrification of aircraft drive this too much longer. In this paper, a comparative study of various wireless power transfer techniques for DC voltage configuration and the corresponding challenges in an
C S, AdisheshaThirunarayana, Ashok KumarShreshthi, MahadevannaBarik, Mridul SankarBanerjee, Kumardeb
Corrosion control is always of concern to the designer of electronic enclosures. The use of EMI gaskets to provide shielding often creates requirements that are in conflict with ideal corrosion control. This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) presents a compatibility table (see Figure 1) which has as its objective a listing of metallic couples that are compatible from a corrosion aspect and which still maintain a low contact impedance
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
The automotive industry is witnessing remarkable progress in various facets of vehicle design, encompassing powertrain. To further boost the performance and efficiency of electric vehicles, researchers and designers are venturing beyond conventional silicon-based solutions into cutting-edge technologies. Among these, the application of wide-bandgap materials, specifically silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), in power-semiconductor devices for electric vehicles has gained significant popularity. Wide-bandgap-based voltage source converters crafted from SiC and GaN materials demonstrate superior efficiency when compared to their silicon counterparts. However, it is crucial to note that their performance largely hinges on their utilization at high switching frequencies. With the aim of identifying the most suitable technology for future electric vehicle applications, researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis comparing the efficiency of SiC and GaN devices. The
Mehrotra, SoumyaRay, Rakesh KumarPandey, DevbratNaithani, Hardik
The Indian government has been promoting electric vehicles through various policy initiatives, such as offering incentives and subsidies to EV manufacturers and consumers, establishing charging infrastructure across the country, and setting ambitious targets for EV adoption. These measures aim to reduce the dependence on imported fossil fuels, mitigate air pollution, and promote sustainable mobility. As a result, the demand for electric vehicles across India is steadily increasing, and the country is emerging as a lucrative market for EVs globally. An electronically commuted brushless DC (BLDC) motor usually functions for traction in electric two-wheelers. Electric vehicles need to comply with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements. During the EMC compliance of electric two-wheelers, it is certain that the BLDC motor and its controller play an important role. This paper presents the BLDC motor and controller’s Radiated Emission (RE) performance at Electronic Sub-Assembly (ESA
Pawar, Sneha RavindraDesai, Manoj Madhukar
Due to the transformation of the automotive industry from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles, new challenges have emerged concerning Electromagnetic Compatibility. Though the Radiated Emission limits in global regulation are the same for both types of powertrains of vehicles, however, due to the phenomena of conversion of high voltage to low voltage, rapid charging/discharging, and different components involved in electric powertrain, the Radiated Emission from electric vehicles give a strikingly different trend which is challenging to combat. When compared with the conventional Spark Ignition vehicle, many other electronic components of the electric vehicle stay in the mode of Power ON while in the “Ignition ON” steady state. This resulted in us observing a significant shift in the amplitude and frequency throughout the frequency band of Radiated Emission measurement. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the changing trends of Radiated Emission from Spark Ignition
Pawar, Sneha RavindraDesai, Manoj Madhukar
The technology in the automotive industry is evolving rapidly in recent times. Thus, with the development of new technologies, the challenges are also ever-increasing from an Electromagnetic Interference and Susceptibility (EMI/EMC) perspective. A lot of the latest technologies in Adaptive Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which include Rear Drive Assist, Blind Spot Detection (BSD), Lane Change Assist (LCA) to name a few, and other features like Anti-Braking System (ABS), Emergency Brake Assist (EBD) etc. rely heavily on different types of sensors and their detection circuitry. In addition, a lot of other internal functions in the Engine Control Unit (ECU) also depend on such sensors’ functionalities. Thus, it becomes imperative to study the potential impact of higher field emissions on the immunity behaviour of the sensors. In this paper, we will study the immunity behaviour of such an automotive capacitive touch-sensing integrated circuit (IC) and its impact on the application of the
Boya, Vinay KumarAdhyapak, AnoopKomma, VineethaSahoo, Manoranjan
In the realm of medical technology, the quest for reliability and safety is unending. As medical devices become increasingly sophisticated, so too does the challenge of protecting these devices from electromagnetic interference (EMI). The concept of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) has thus become a pivotal consideration for medical device manufacturers. At the heart of this concern lies high-attenuation shielding, a critical component in safeguarding sensitive medical equipment against the disruptive forces of EMI
The development of electric vehicles has been progressed, rapidly, to achieve Carbon neutrality by 2050. There have been increasing concerns about Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) performance due to increasing power for power trains of vehicles. Because same power train system expands to some vehicles, we have developed numerical simulations in order to predict the vehicle EMC performances. We modeled a vehicle which has inverter noises by numerical simulation to calculate electric fields based on GB/T18387. We simulated the common mode noise which flows through the shielding braid of the high voltage wire harnesses. As a result, it is confirmed a correlation between the electric fields calculated by numerical simulation and the measured one
Miwa, KeishiWatari, ToshioNishimura, HiroyukiOgawa, Hiroki
This specification covers the general requirements for conventional AC and/or DC current carrying filter networks for the reduction of electromagnetic interference. A conventional filter is defined herein as a component containing definitive, lumped, R-L-C components and not employing distributed parameters as a required characteristic
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes a standard method and means for measuring or calibrating the "Spectrum Amplitude" output of an impulse generator
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
This document covers the general physical, electrical, functional, testing, and performance requirements for conductive power transfer, primarily for vehicles using a conductive ACD connection capable of transferring DC power. It defines conductive power transfer methods, including the infrastructure electrical contact interface, the vehicle connection interface, the electrical characteristics of the DC supply, and the communication system. It also covers the functional and dimensional requirements for the vehicle connection interface and supply equipment interface. New editions of the documents shall be backwards compatible with the older editions. There are also sub-documents which are identified by a SAE J3105/1, SAE J3105/2, and SAE J3105/3. These will be specific requirements for a specific interface defined in the sub-document. SAE J3105: Main document, including most requirements. ○ SAE J3105/1: Infrastructure-Mounted Cross Rail Connection ○ SAE J3105/2: Vehicle-Mounted
Hybrid - EV Committee
The objective of this document is to define basic terms and definitions and to provide general guidance for M&S of aircraft EPS
AE-7M Aerospace Model Based Engineering
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the characteristics and utilization of 270 V DC electric power at the utilization equipment interface and the constraints of the utilization equipment based on practical experience. These characteristics shall be applicable for both airborne and ground support power systems. This document also defines the related distribution and installation considerations. Utilization equipment designed for a specific application may not deviate from these requirements without the approval of the procuring activity
AE-7C Systems
Innovative robotic rotational molding technology allows for the use of new materials in manufacturing parts and hard cases for military and aerospace applications. This is creating opportunities for new product geometries, tighter tolerances, and less waste than traditional plastic molding. There are thousands of applications within the aerospace and defense industries using plastic parts and storage containers. Today, the production of specialized parts and protective hard cases for military applications can call for unique materials to meet more stringent standards (flammability, high heat/cold tolerances, airtightness, watertightness, electromagnetic interference shielding, multi-layering, to name a few). Meeting these strict requirements can be challenging when using traditional molding processes such as rotational molding, thermoforming, blow molding, or injection molding
The primary function of this specification is to cover the general requirements for 28 VDC manual reset trip-free arc fault/thermal circuit breakers for use in aircraft electrical systems conforming to MIL-STD-704. As a secondary function, this specification may possibly cover the general requirements for AFCBs for use in primary vehicles, other than aircraft, when mounted directly to the structure
AE-7P Protective and Control Devices
The primary function of this specification is to cover the general requirements for manual reset trip-free arc fault/thermal circuit breakers for use in aircraft electrical systems conforming to MIL-STD-704. As a secondary function, this specification may possibly cover the general requirements for AFCBs for use in primary vehicles, other than aircraft, when mounted directly to the structure
AE-7P Protective and Control Devices
This method is used to define the immunity of electric and electronic apparatus and equipment (products) to radiated electromagnetic (EM) energy. This method is based on injecting the calibrated radio frequency currents (voltages) into external conductors and/or internal circuits of the product under test, measuring the strength of the EM field generated by this product and evaluating its immunity to the external EM field on the basis of the data obtained. The method can be utilized only when it is physically possible to connect the injector to the conductors and/or circuits mentioned before. The method allows: Evaluating immunity of the product under test to external EM fields of the strength equal to a normalized one; Calculating the level of external EM field strength at which the given (including maximum permissible) induced currents or voltages are generated in the equipment under test, or solving the “opposite” task; Finding potentially “weak” points of the product design
AE-4 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Committee
The electromagnetic compatibility problem of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become increasingly prominent with its continuous development to high power and high torque. To solve this problem, this paper adopts a method based on the establishment of body structure and windings of the PMSM to analyze its electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The radiation stimulus source is acquired by establishing the control model of the PMSM drive system under different driving conditions in Simulink and Carsim. The EMR model of the whole vehicle is established in FEKO by creating winding models and importing three-dimensional (3D) mesh models of the vehicle body and PMSM. The field circuit co-simulation and transmission line method are used in this paper. Finally, we can obtain the electric field radiation strength at different detection points under different driving conditions. The simulation results correspond with the EMR theory and electromagnetic shielding theory. It plays a
Chen, LuhaoXu, ZhaopingLiu, Liang
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines all the relevant issues that affect the generation of an Interface Control Document for Mechanical Actuation Sub-Systems. It is intended to provide to all parties involved with the generation of Mechanical Actuation Sub-Systems, a definition of documentation, drawings, reports and design parameters required to assure a successful development of mechanical actuation sub-systems for Aerospace-Military and Commercial applications
A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee
This specification covers all aspects in Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems (EWIS) from the selection through installation of wiring and wiring devices and optical cabling and termination devices used in aerospace vehicles. Aerospace vehicles include manned and unmanned airplanes, helicopters, lighter-than-air vehicles, missiles, and external pods
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
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