Browse Topic: Data exchange

Items (1,261)
Gear shifting effort or force especially in manual transmission has been one of the key factors for subjective assessment in passenger vehicle segment. An optimum effort to shift into the gears creates a big difference in overall assessment of the vehicle. The gear shifting effort travels through the transmission shifting system that helps driver to shift between the different available gears as per the torque and speed demand. The shifting system is further divided into two sub-systems. 1. Peripheral system [Gear Shift Lever with knob and shift Cable Assembly] and Shift system inside the transmission [Shift Tower Assembly, Shift Forks, Hub and sleeve Assembly with keys, Gear Cones and Synchronizer Rings etc.] [1]. Both the systems have their own role in overall gear shifting effort. There has been work already done on evaluation of the transmission shifting system as whole for gear shifting effort with typical test bench layouts. Also, work has been on assessment of life of the
Singh, ParamjeetYadav, Sanjay Kumar
Today's battery management systems include cloud-based predictive analytics technologies. When the first data is sent to the cloud, battery digital twin models begin to run. This allows for the prediction of critical parameters such as state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), remaining useful life (RUL), and the possibility of thermal runaway events. The battery and the automobile are dynamic systems that must be monitored in real time. However, relying only on cloud-based computations adds significant latency to time-sensitive procedures such as thermal runaway monitoring. Because automobiles operate in various areas throughout the intended path of travel, internet connectivity varies, resulting in a delay in data delivery to the cloud. As a result, the inherent lag in data transfer between the cloud and cars challenges the present deployment of cloud-based real-time monitoring solutions. This study proposes applying a thermal runaway model on edge devices as a strategy to reduce
Sarkar, PrasantaPardeshi, RutujaKharwandikar, AnandKondhare, Manish
This document establishes minimum performance criteria at GCWR and calculation methodology to determine tow-vehicle TWR for passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, and trucks. This includes all vehicles up to 14000 pounds GVWR
Tow Vehicle Trailer Rating Committee
ABSTRACT New generations of ground vehicles are required to perform tasks with an increased level of autonomy. Autonomous navigation and Artificial Intelligence on the edge are growing fields that require more sensors and more computational power to perform these missions. Furthermore, new sensors in the market produce better quality data at higher rates while new processors can increase substantially the computational power. Therefore, near-future ground vehicles will be equipped with large number of sensors that will produce data at rates that has not been seen before, while at the same time, data processing power will be significantly increased. This new scenario of advanced ground vehicles applications and increase in data amount and processing power, has brought new challenges with it: low determinism, excessive power needs, data losses and large response latency. In this article, a novel approach to on-board artificial intelligence (AI) is presented that is based on state-of-the
Ghiglino, PabloHarshe, Mandar
ABSTRACT In the continued endeavor to abstract higher levels of implementation and generalize core features, the government is requiring the use of a Modular Open System Approach (MOSA) [1] to architectures that have a common set of services while conforming to portable interfaces. This paper discusses how to model such restrictions in SysML, including the why, how, and downstream effects. Citation: R. Peters, B. McDonald, R. Mikola, M. Dattathreya, “Model Based Approaches to Systems Implementing Modular Open System Approach (MOSA),” In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 16-18, 2022
Peters, RobertMcDonald, BrookeMikola, RobinDattathreya, Macam
ABSTRACT Autonomous vehicle perception has been widely explored using camera images but is limited with respect to LiDAR point cloud processing. Furthermore, focus is primarily on well-regulated environments, obviating a need for an algorithm that can contextualize dynamic and complex conditions through 3D point cloud representation. In this report, an Echo State Network for LiDAR signal processing is introduced and evaluated for its ability to perform semantic segmentation on unregulated terrains, using the RELLIS-3D open-source dataset. The L-ESN contains 16 parallel reservoirs with point cloud processing time of 1.9 seconds and 83.1% classification rate of 4 classes defining terrain trafficability, with no prior feature extraction or normalization, and a training time of 31 minutes. A 2D cost map is generated from the segmented point cloud for integration as a perception node plug-in to system-level navigation architectures. Citation: S. Gardner, M. R. Haider, P. Fiorini, S. Misko
Gardner, S.Haider, M. R.Fiorini, P.Misko, S.Smereka, J.Jayakumar, P.Gorsich, D.Moradi, L.Vantsevich, V.
ABSTRACT The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is still a de-facto standard for in-vehicle communication between Electronic Control Units (ECUs). The CAN protocol lacks basic security features such as absence of sender node information, absence of authentications mechanism and the plug and play nature of the network. The payload in a CAN data packet is very small i.e. 8 bytes, therefore, implementation of cryptographic solutions for data integrity verification is not feasible. Various methods have been proposed for ECU identification, one of the methods is clock intrusion detection system (CIDS) [14]. The proposed method is based on authenticating the message sender by estimating the unique characteristics of the clock crystal. In an asynchronous network, the clocking information in a transmitted payload is entirely dependent upon the crystal which invokes the clock. These unique characteristics exists because of the asymmetry in the microstructure of the material. The challenge
Tayyab, MuhammadHafeez, AzeemMalik, Hafiz
ABSTRACT Recurrent Neural Networks have largely been explored for low-dimensional time-series tasks due to their fading memory properties, which is not needed for feed-forward methods like the Convolutional Neural Network. However, benefits of using a recurrent-based neural network (i.e. reservoir computing) for time-independent inputs includes faster training times, lower training requirements, and reduced computational burdens, along with competitive performances to standard machine learning methods. This is especially important for high-dimensional signals like complex images. In this report, a modified Echo State Network (ESN) is introduced and evaluated for its ability to perform semantic segmentation. The parallel ESN containing 16 parallel reservoirs has an image processing time of 2 seconds with an 88% classification rate of 3 classes, with no prior feature extraction or normalization, and a training time of under 2 minutes. Citation: S. Gardner, M. R. Haider, J. Smereka, P
Gardner, S.Haider, M.R.Smereka, J.Jayakumar, P.Kulkarni, K.Gorsich, D.Moradi, L.Vantsevich, V.
ABSTRACT This paper proposes that within the Land domain, there is not only a need to define an approach to open architectures, but also to mandate their use, in order to provide an agile framework for our fighting forces going forward. The paper sets out to explain such an approach; that taken by UK MOD and industry to produce the Generic Vehicle Architecture (GVA) defense standard. It will discuss how the GVA standard was formed, how it is currently being used and how it contributes to the wider MOD initiative for Open Systems Architecture for the Land domain. Finally the paper considers how the UK GVA relates to the US Victory standard and how interoperability may be achieved
White, Antony
ABSTRACT Addressing the well-established need for accurate cyber situational awareness on military vehicles and weapons platforms, we developed a well-tested, robust Intrusion Detection System – Fox Shield™ – currently rated TRL-8. The system is described and the lessons learned during its development are discussed. The basic principles of our anomaly detectors are outlined, and the details of our innovative warning-aggregating Fuser are presented. Many attack detection examples are presented, using a publicly available CANbus dataset. Citation: E.I. Novikova, V. Le, M. Weber, C. Andersen, S.N. Hamilton, “Best Practices For Ground Vehicle Intrusion Detection Systems”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2020
Novikova, Elena I.Le, VuWeber, MichaelAndersen, CoryHamilton, Samuel N.
ABSTRACT Integration risk differentiates from other program risk in that it always involves interfaces between various systems or subsystems. The level of integration required is different depending on the phase of the Acquisition Life Cycle (i.e. Materiel Solution Analysis Phase, Technology Development Phase, Engineering and Manufacturing Development Phase, Production and Deployment Phase and Operation and Support Phase). This paper focuses on the process used to assess the integration risks of integrating various technologies or subsystems into a vehicle platform. The process presented provides a step by step instruction on how to perform an integration risk assessment. A new Integration Readiness Level (IRL) rating system has been developed by the TARDEC System Engineering and Integration Group to help acquisition vehicle programs as well as science and technology teams to evaluate the health of their technology or subsystem integration into their vehicles. The rating system is
Tzau, Jerome
ABSTRACT A cybersecurity exploit can be crafted to affect the vehicle diagnostic adapter system, which consists of the technician, vehicle diagnostic adapter, device drivers, and maintenance software all working together in a trusting relationship. In this paper, application layer encryption of the SAE J1939 diagnostic traffic between the vehicle diagnostic application and the in-vehicle secure gateway is developed to mitigate the vulnerabilities in potential attack paths. The proposed encryption strategy uses AES-128, which uses 16-byte cipher blocks. The secure connection is established by adjusting the bit rate to over twice the normal speed and packing a single J1939 message into two encrypted sequential CAN frames, The in-vehicle diagnostic gateway employs a hardware security module. A provisioning process is employed wherein the diagnostic application and the hardware security module both generate public-private key pairs. An elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key exchange then
Daily, Jeremy S.Kulkarni, Prakash
ABSTRACT The demand for mobile, secure communications has been and will continue to be a fundamental requirement for dismounted, urban and distributed operations in the field. It is imperative that soldiers on the front lines receive actionable information in a timely, secured and uninterrupted manner to increase force protection and effectiveness. In this paper, we describe a novel, high technical maturity (TRL 8+) communications link that offers the mounted and dismounted soldier secure, beyond line of sight, encrypted capability for weapons control and command & control of multiple platforms. An innovative spread spectrum waveform was designed from the ground up to deliver necessary functionality for reliable communications amongst multiple nodes with a data rate and range commensurate with battlefield scenarios
Mehta, Amish A.Cambridge, AndrewGardner, Brian
ABSTRACT Sharing platform health information in a disconnected environment requires the use of design strategies that consider the various systems that must participate in the creation, processing, and consuming of component health information. Using a common representation of a vehicle structure, platform health can be calculated, predicted, and communicated to end users at all levels of the enterprise. Implementing a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) using a Grid Services approach enables a central application to manage and share data as needed; performing data integration, data cleansing, and data normalization. This design pattern facilitates holistic collaboration for platform health management on-platform, at-platform, within the tactical domain, at the national level, and at the OEM location
Dorny, JonathanO’Leary, Ryan
ABSTRACT To address the need for rapid capture of terrain profiles, and changes in terrain, researchers from Michigan Tech demonstrated a UAS collection system, during a live exercise, supported by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) Science and Technology Organization (STO). The UAS collection system was deployed to provide high resolution topography (resolution less than 1 cm) with a terrain collection rate greater than 1 meter per second and results were processed within minutes. The resulting topography is of sufficient quality to demonstrate that the technique can be applied to update mobility models, as well as the detection of traverse by ground vehicles
Dobson, Richard J.Buller, William T.Bradley, Scott A.
ABSTRACT Curtiss-Wright has developed an open-standard approach to low latency digital video distribution, incorporating VICTORY .specifications and other open standards, including Motion JPEG 2000. The paper presents various application definitions, parameters, and reference architectures, demonstrating the applicability to ground vehicles, and suggesting additional specifications and open standard to include in VICTORY
Jedynak, David
ABSTRACT The modern battlefield demands a high degree of electronic capability for both on board processing and off board command and control. The trend for additional electronic systems on board combat vehicles continues to increase at a geometric rate. Battlefield demands and operational scenarios have resulted in a greater need for, advanced sensor technology, increased processing power, greater connectivity and systems interoperability (VICTORY). The integration of these advanced sensors with communications place a large bandwidth and power demand on the vehicle infrastructure. This paper will identify an advanced vehicle electronic architecture enabled by the latest high density processing technologies. An architecture has been developed and is under continued investigation at GDLS. The architecture includes deterministic network technology for spatial and temporal coherence of the sensor data. It provides a mission capability that is crew centric for any function at any crew
Silveri, Andrew
ABSTRACT Technology and innovation are growing at a rapid rate, placing increasing demands on military vehicles. With these advances come additional burdens to our ground vehicle systems due to escalating threats in areas such as situational awareness and cybersecurity. In order to deal with this ever-changing threat environment, additional computing resources are needed. Given the additional costs of high performance hardware, harnesses, software development, sustainment, and licensing fees, consolidation of resources can be essential in reducing costs. Leveraging today's latest technologies in distributed systems, advanced microprocessors, and accelerated graphics, this research proposes a solution to consolidate multiple crew stations into a single processing resource. Not only are these computing resources more powerful, they come at a more affordable price when configured properly. Citation: S. Sopel, M. Russell, K. Zwick, “Multiple Crew Station Xecutor (MCSX)”, In Proceedings of
Sopel, Shane G.Russell, Mark G.Zwick, Keith E.
ABSTRACT All CBM+ solutions must establish a business case considering cost of implementation and sustainment of value with a quantifiable return on investment. The business case must be traceable to specific failure modes, associated failure effects, criticality, and risk. Risk is not limited to safety and operational risks. Predictive systems by definition return both true and false predictions representing operational and financial risk from high false positive rates. There is also risk of losing operator confidence in predictive systems when there is a high false positive rate. All of these risks must be quantified and considered in the design and development of CBM+ systems. Model based approaches are effective in accelerating development, defining advanced functional characteristics, and efficiently testing dynamic effects of complex systems. CBM+ maintenance strategies rely on performance of complex systems
Nelson, DavidBanghart, Marc
ABSTRACT Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Variational Inference are applied in near real-time to detect anomalies in ground vehicle network traffic for VICTORY enabled networks. The technical approach, that utilizes the Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique to detect potential malicious attacks and network configuration issues, is described and the results of a proof of concept implementation are provided. Citation: A. Thornton, B. Meiners, D. Poole, M. Russell, “Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for Anomaly Detection in Ground Vehicle Network Traffic”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 11-13, 2019
Thornton, AdamMieners, BrandonPoole, DonaldRussell, Mark
ABSTRACT PPG formulates N-methyl pyrrolidone free (NMP−free) cathodes for Li−ion batteries capable of delivering sufficient power for automotive starting, lighting and ignition (SLI) as well as adequate charge capacity for powering auxiliary electronics. In this paper, NMP−free energy cathodes and power cathodes were formulated using developmental binders, and refinement of carbon/binder ratio and slurry mix procedure. Learnings from the energy and power cathode development were conceptually combined in the formulation of capacity enhanced power cathodes. These cathodes were evaluated electrochemically via power capability and rate capability testing in battery coin cells, as well as in 0.5 Ah multilayer pouch cells. Carbon content was found to be a critical factor in attaining high cold crank performance. This work represents significant steps toward potential commercialization of NMP−free cathode coated foil for Li−ion batteries. Citation: S. Esarey, A. Kizzie, C. Woodley, I. Matts
Esarey, Samuel L.Kizzie, AustinWoodley, ChristopherMatts, IanHellring, StuartZhou, ZhilianTerrago, Gina
This paper presents additive Weibull reliability model using customer complaints data and finite element fatigue (FEA) analysis data. Warranty data provides insight into the underlying customer issues. Reliability engineers prepare a prediction model based on this data to forecast the failure rate of components. However, warranty data has certain limitations with respect to prediction modeling. The warranty period covers only the infant mortality and useful life zone of a bathtub curve. Thus, predicting with solely warranty data generally cannot provide results with desired accuracy. The failure rate of wear-out components is driven by random issues initially and wear-out or usage-related issues at the end of the lifetime. For accurate prediction of failure rate, data need to be explored at wear-out zone of a bathtub curve. Higher cost always limits the testing of components until failure, but FEA fatigue analysis can provide the failure rate behavior of a part much beyond the warranty
Koulage, Dasharath BaliramMondal, KanchanManerikar, Dattatray Shriniwas
A major challenge for auto industries is reducing NOx and other exhaust gas emissions to meet stringent Euro 7 emission regulations. A urea Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) after-treatment system (ATS) commonly uses upstream urea water injection to reduce NOx from the engine exhaust gas. The NOx emission conversion rate in ATSs is high for high exhaust gas temperatures but substantially low for temperatures below 200°C. This study aims to improve the NOx conversion rate using urea pulse injection in a mass-production 2.2 L diesel engine equipped with an SCR ATS operated under low exhaust gas temperature. The engine experimental results show that, under 200°C exhaust temperature and 3.73x104 h-1 gross hourly space velocity (SV), the NOx conversion rate can be improved by 5% using 5-sec ON and 12-sec OFF (denoted as 5/12 s) urea pulse supply compared to the constant supply under time-averaged 1.0 urea equivalence ratio. It is experimentally observed that the urea pulse supply’s
Yoshida, FukaTakahashi, HideakiKotani, YuyaZu, QiuyueSok, RatnakKusaka, Jin
Advances in IoT and electronic technology are enabling more personalized, continuous medical care. People with medical conditions that require a high degree of monitoring and continuous medication infusion can now take advantage of wearable medicine injection devices to treat their problems. Wireless communication allows medical personnel to monitor and adjust the amount and flow rate of an individual’s medication. The small size of the injectors enables the individual to be active and not be burdened or limited by a line-powered instrument (see Figure 1
Automated vehicles (AVs) can get additional information from infrastructure and other vehicles via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. However, how can an AV decide if the surrounding V2X field can reliably provide qualitative, relevant, and trustworthy information? Related research analyzes V2X performance from various angles. However, not only are there identified open gaps in the analysis of loaded channels, but there has also not yet been an effort to design a lightweight metric for rating the quality of the surrounding V2X field. Hence, this work aims to close this existing performance measurement gap and develop a metric for rating the quality of the surrounding V2X field. This article first highlights the gaps identified in performance analysis before closing them with a dedicated measurement campaign. Next, it combines these findings with related research to design a straightforward V2X field rating metric. The resulting V2X field rating metric is a starting point for
Pilz, ChristophKuschnig, LukasSteinberger, AlinaSammer, PeterPiri, EsaCouturier, ChristopheNeumayr, ThomasSchratter, MarkusSteinbauer-Wagner, Gerald
With the advent of electric and hybrid drivetrain in the commercial vehicle industry, electrically driven reciprocating compressors have gained widespread prominence. This compressor provides compressed air for key vehicle systems such as brakes, suspension systems and other auxiliary applications. To be a market leader, such an E-compressor needs to meet a myriad of design requirements. This includes meeting the performance by supplying air at required pressure and flow rate, durability requirements and having a compact design while maintaining cost competitiveness. The reed valve in such a compressor is a vital component, whose design is critical to meet the aforementioned requirements. The reed valves design has several key parameters such as the stiffness, natural frequency, equivalent mass, and lift distance which must be optimized. This reed valve also needs to open and close rapidly in response to the compressor operating speed. Since it is the order of milliseconds, the valve
J, BharadwajT, SukumarPendyala, Vamsi KrishnaPaul Pandian, Adheenthran
The primary objective of this article is to study the improvement of machining efficiency of EN-31 steel by optimizing turning parameters using newly developed cutting fluids with different proportions of aloe vera gel and coconut oil, utilizing the Taguchi technique. Furthermore, performance metrics including material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness, and tool wear rate (TWR) were assessed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) suggested that as cutting speed and feed increase, the MRR is positively influenced, but likewise tool wear is intensified. The surface roughness exhibited a positive correlation with cutting speed, and a negative correlation with increasing both cutting speed and feed. It was found that the maximum MRR value was attained at a cutting speed of 275 m/min, a feed rate of 1.00 mm/rev, and a cutting fluid composition of 30% aloe vera and 70% coconut oil. For the best surface smoothness, it is advisable to adjust the cutting speed to 350 m/min and the feed rate to 0.075
Premkumar, R.Ramesh Babu, R.Saiyathibrahim, A.Murali Krishnan, R.Vivek, R.Jatti, Vijaykumar S.Rane, Vivek S.Balaji, K.
High productivity, low manufacturing costs, and high workpiece quality: these are the key factors that deliver sustainability, profitability, and competitive edge for industrial manufacturers. Reliable machine monitoring yields valuable real-time insights into ongoing processes; it is the basis for dependable, productive, and reproducible manufacturing and it helps machine operators to reach well-founded decisions on both short- and long-term improvements. This technology can even capture anomalies in highly dynamic machining processes, so users can respond instantly to ensure high productivity, decrease scrap rates, and prolong tool lifetimes. Thanks to all these advantages, continuous machine and process monitoring based on suitable sensor technology is a critical success factor in today’s manufacturing industry
This document specifically pertains to cybersecurity for road vehicles. This document encompasses the entire vehicle lifecycle of key management. It has been developed by SAE Committee TEVEES18F, Vehicle Security Credentials Interoperability (VSCI), a subcommittee of SAE Committee TEVEES18A, Vehicle Cybersecurity Systems Engineering Committee. This committee is authorized under the scope and authority fo the SAE Electronic Design Automation Steering Committee (also known as the Electronic Systems Group) that is directly under the scope and authority fo the SAE Motor Vehicle Council. The SAE Motor Vehicle Council’s stated scope of influence and authority, as defined by the SAE includes, passenger car and light truck in conjunction with ISO/SAE 21434
Vehicle Electrical System Security Committee
In this work, triaxial carbon fiber – epoxy composite laminates were manufactured and tested to determine the influence of environmental temperature and strain rate on the mechanical properties, and finite element models were developed to understand how those temperature and strain rate dependent trends may influence performance in a military ground vehicle application. As environmental temperature increased, the strength and elastic modulus were observed to decrease. Across all three environmental temperatures tested in this study, as the strain rate increased, tensile strength and elastic modulus were observed to increase as well. When applied to a composite hat section geometry, the finite element results highlighted the importance of considering both the environmental temperature and loading rate in the design of composite structures for use in military ground vehicles
Hart, Robert J.Patton, Evan G.Hamilton, Joseph M.Cardenas, IsabelaLuo, HuiyangMagallanes, Joseph
The automotive industry faces unprecedented regulatory and societal pressure to adopt sustainable manufacturing practices. A recent survey by Accenture shows that more than 34 percent of today’s largest manufacturers have committed to zero-emission goals, yet 93 percent of them will miss their targets unless they double their emission reduction rates by 2030
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 1261