The lithium Ion family of technologies are the primary technology for plug-in and electric vehicles but, it is also being found in hybrid products. Each family can have a different discharging voltage characteristic which effects vehicle and Scan Tool diagnostics. This five-part series will provide the necessary information on all of the lithium technologies, cell balancing systems, failure modes, diagnostics, and how these battery packs can be repaired instead of replaced. At the conclusion of this course from SAE training partner FutureTech*, participants will will be able to identify the various lithium formats, aspects cell aging, building concepts, and understand how to use scan tool PIDs to help analyze, diagnose and repair the battery pack. GM, Honda, Hyundai, Nissan, Tesla, Toyota electric and hybrid vehicle products are featured