Browse Topic: Vehicle sharing services

Items (20)
Shared autonomous vehicles systems (SAVS) are regarded as a promising mode of carsharing service with the potential for realization in the near future. However, the uncertainty in user demand complicates the system optimization decisions for SAVS, potentially interfering with the achievement of desired performance or objectives, and may even render decisions derived from deterministic solutions infeasible. Therefore, considering the uncertainty in demand, this study proposes a two-stage robust optimization approach to jointly optimize the fleet sizing and relocation strategies in a one-way SAVS. We use the budget polyhedral uncertainty set to describe the volatility, uncertainty, and correlation characteristics of user demand, and construct a two-stage robust optimization model to identify a compromise between the level of robustness and the economic viability of the solution. In the first stage, tactical decisions are made to determine autonomous vehicle (AV) fleet sizing and the initial vehicle distribution. In the second stage, operational decisions are made under scenarios of fluctuating user demand to optimize vehicle relocation strategies. To enhance the efficiency of model resolution, the original two-stage robust optimization model is decomposed into separable subproblems, which are transformed using duality theory and linearization. An effective solution is achieved through a precise algorithm utilizing column-and-constraint generation (C&CG). Numerical experiments are conducted on a small-scale network to validate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm. Furthermore, adjustments to the demand fluctuation scenarios are made to assess the impact of uncertain budget levels Γ on the total revenue of SAVS. This research provides AV sharing service operators with an optimal relocation scheduling strategy that balances robustness and economic efficiency.
Li, KangjiaoCao, YichiZhou, BojianWang, ShuaiqiYu, Yaofeng
Accurate prediction of the demand for shared bicycles is not only conducive to the operation of relevant enterprises, but also conducive to improving the image of the city, facilitating people’s travel, and solving the balance between supply and demand of bicycles in the region. To precisely predict the demand of shared bicycles, a model combining temporal convolution network (TCN) and bidirectional gating recurrent unit (BiGRU) model is proposed, and the Chernobyl disaster optimizer (CDO) is used to optimize its hyperparameters. It has the ability of TCN to extract sequence features and gated recurrent unit (GRU) to mine time series data and combine the characteristics of CDO with fast convergence and high global search ability, so as to reduce the influence of model hyperparameters. This article selects the shared bicycles travel data in Washington, analyzes its multi-characteristics, and trains it as the input characteristics of the model. In the experiments, we performed comparison study and ablation study. The results show that the prediction error of the proposed model is less than other comparative models. Therefore, CDO-TCN-BiGRU model has the characteristics of high prediction precision and good stability.
Ma, ChangxiHuang, XiaoyuZhao, YongpengWang, TaoDu, Bo
Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared Vehicles: Disrupting the Automotive and Mobility SectorsR-51710/28/2022
We are at the beginning of the next major disruptive cycle caused by computing. In transportation, the term Autonomous, Connected, Electric, and Shared (ACES) has been coined to represent the enormous innovations enabled by underlying electronics technology. The benefits of ACES vehicles range from improved safety, reduced congestion, and lower stress for car occupants to social inclusion, lower emissions, and better road utilization due to optimal integration of private and public transport. ACES is creating a new automotive and industrial ecosystem that will disrupt not only the technical development of transportation but also the management and supply chain of the industry. Disruptions caused by ACES are prompted by not only technology but also by a shift from a traditional to a software-based mindset, embodied by the arrival of a new generation of automotive industry workforce. In Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared Vehicles: Disrupting the Automotive and Mobility Sectors, Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid provides an overview of ACES technology for cross-disciplinary audiences, including researchers, academics, and automotive professionals. Hamid bridges the gap among the book's varied audiences, exploring the development and deployment of ACES vehicles and the disruptions, challenges, and potential benefits of this new technology. Topics covered include: • Recent trends and progress stimulating ACES growth and development • ACES vehicle overview • Automotive and mobility industry disruptions caused by ACES • Challenges of ACES implementation • Potential benefits of the ACES ecosystem While market introduction of ACES vehicles that are fully automated and capable of unsupervised driving in an unstructured environment is still a long-term goal, the future of mobility will be ACES, and the transportation industry must prepare for this transition. Autonomous, Connected, Electric and Shared Vehicles is a necessary resource for anyone interested in the successful and reliable implementation of ACES. "ACES are destined to be a game changers on the roads, altering the face of mobility." Daniel Watzenig, Professor Graz University of Technology, Austria
Abdul Hamid, Umar Zakir
Shared mobility will become an important part in the future smart transportation and contribute to sustainable development. However, recently a large number of pioneers in this market have failed in making profits, and have to declare bankrupt or give up this promising business. One main cause is that it is difficult to find a method to allocate the profits to all the partners reasonably. In other words, there is still no effective business model in smart mobility. This study discusses cooperation among all stakeholders, including four species of participants, in smart mobility business alliance based on the theory of community ecology. The leaders are the enterprises who offer business platforms for the other players. The enablers include OEMs, hardware and software suppliers who contribute to smart mobility with intelligent vehicle products and technologies. The supporters can provide infrastructure and market channels. And the parasites are able to create added value with services and contents on basis of the platforms and products from other species. This paper establishes a cooperative game model composed of profit functions for all the stakeholders, considering both car sharing and private travel in the era of intelligent vehicles. A profit distribution strategy is proposed with Shapley value method, which ensures the efficiency and fairness. A quantitative analysis based on Chinese market data is conducted. The results indicate that the leaders and enablers will gain the most of the benefits of smart mobility, accounting for more than 80 percent. The cooperation improves the whole profits by around 60 percent, compared to the situation in which each species operates alone. Thus, the supporters and parasites who can benefit more from cooperation should assist in developing the market and reducing the operating costs of the whole business alliance.
Kuang, Xu
Car-share trajectory is the big data of time and space that contains the travel behavior of residents. It is of great significance for station planning to dig out residents’ travel hotspots from the Car-share track data. This paper uses a clustering algorithm based on grid density. The algorithm first divides the trajectory space into grid cells and sets the density threshold of the grid cells; then maps the trajectory points to the grid cells and extracts hot grid cells based on the density threshold; By merging reachable hotspot grid units, hotspot areas of cities are discovered. This paper analyzes the demand for residents’ travel in the hotspot area, and uses the random forest model to predict the demand, which can make a reference for the car-share company to launch cars and provide convenience for users to travel.
Wu, ZhenBi, JunSai, Qiuyue
Real-World Application of Variable Pedal Feeling Using an Electric Brake Booster with Two Motors (SAE Paper 2020-01-1645)1278911/6/2020
A new type of electric brake booster, which can control brake pedal feeling completely with software, has been developed to explore how a brake system can be used to differentiate and personalize vehicles. In the future, vehicles may share an increasing amount of hardware and rely more heavily on software to differentiate between models. Car sharing, vehicle subscriptions, and other new business models may create a new emphasis on the personalization of vehicles that may be achieved most cost effectively by using software. This new brake booster controls the brake pedal force and brake pressure independently based on the brake pedal stroke so that the pedal feeling is completely defined by software. The booster uses two electric motors and one master cylinder. One electric motor controls the pedal force and provides an assist force that amplifies the force that the driver applies to the brake pedal. The second electric motor moves the master cylinder piston independently of the brake pedal stroke and is used to control the brake pressure. To confirm the real-world feasibility of this concept, the booster was installed in an actual vehicle. The evaluation of this vehicle confirmed that software-defined pedal feeling is feasible to implement in a real vehicle. Pedal feeling as good as that of a mass produced vehicle could be achieved, and the pedal feeling could be quickly and easily changed without the time and expense required to change brake hardware. Additionally, using this new booster, new types of pedal feeling that are not possible to achieve on a conventional vacuum booster vehicle could be easily implemented with software.
Kakizoe, Kenta
A new type of electric brake booster, which can control brake pedal feeling completely with software, has been developed to explore how a brake system can be used to differentiate and personalize vehicles. In the future, vehicles may share an increasing amount of hardware and rely more heavily on software to differentiate between models. Car sharing, vehicle subscriptions, and other new business models may create a new emphasis on the personalization of vehicles that may be achieved most cost effectively by using software. This new brake booster controls the brake pedal force and brake pressure independently based on the brake pedal stroke so that the pedal feeling is completely defined by software. The booster uses two electric motors and one master cylinder. One electric motor controls the pedal force and provides an assist force that amplifies the force that the driver applies to the brake pedal. The second electric motor moves the master cylinder piston independently of the brake pedal stroke and is used to control the brake pressure. To confirm the real-world feasibility of this concept, the booster was installed in an actual vehicle. The evaluation of this vehicle confirmed that software-defined pedal feeling is feasible to implement in a real vehicle. Pedal feeling as good as that of a mass produced vehicle could be achieved, and the pedal feeling could be quickly and easily changed without the time and expense required to change brake hardware. Additionally, using this new booster, new types of pedal feeling that are not possible to achieve on a conventional vacuum booster vehicle could be easily implemented with software.
Kakizoe, KentaBull, Marshall
Sharing mobility has led to a reduction of car ownership with consequent decrease in impacts from a multiple economic, social and environmental perspective. One way of promoting sustainable mobility is to establish the use of electric vehicles (EVs), but insufficient knowledge and high uncertainty towards EV technology can represent a barrier to the acceptance of these new forms of mobility. Under-thirty are recognized as a prospective customer group for car sharing services, very receptive to technological innovation. Based on this premise, the study proposed a double-structured methodological framework to investigate university student user profile defining the heterogeneous preferences regarding a mix of attributes of the service design and to assess the impact of car-sharing experience on acceptance of EVs. Preferences for specific service attributes have been explored (e.g. rate, different power systems) and possible predictors have been tested (e.g. car ownership, neighborhood walkability, ecological awareness) by using a quantitative analysis with car-sharing users and non-users. This methodology has been implemented in the city of Enna (Italy), where university population constitute a high percentage of residents and a recent station-based car sharing service has been implemented. Besides the demographics characteristics, the students’ demand of mobility and acceptance of EVs have been investigated through a survey data analysis, considering several operational attributes and context-related variables in applying Likert scale. The results show that experience in using, EV vehicles leads to higher acceptance of this new technology. Furthermore, it emerged a correlation between gender distribution and operating and infrastructural characteristics of the service, like the presence of reserved parking with charging stations. This study lays the basis for more in-depth research for service design and reconversion through the introduction of shared EVs, improving their use both for home-school and home-leisure trips and discouraging the use of the private vehicle.
Campisi, TizianaIgnaccolo, MatteoTesoriere, GiovanniInturri, GiuseppeTorrisi, Vincenza
The transportation sector is facing three revolutions: shared mobility, electrification, and autonomous driving. To inform decision making and guide smart transportation system development at the city-level, it is critical to model and evaluate how travelers will behave in these systems. Two key components in such models are (1) individual travel demands with high spatial and temporal resolutions, and (2) travelers’ sociodemographic information and trip purposes. These components impact one’s acceptance of autonomous vehicles, adoption of electric vehicles, and participation in shared mobility. Existing methods of travel demand generation either lack travelers’ demographics and trip purposes, or only generate trips at a zonal level. Higher resolution demand and sociodemographic data can enable analysis of trips’ shareability for car sharing and ride pooling and evaluation of electric vehicles’ charging needs. To address this data gap, we propose a new approach of travel demand generation based on households. Census data provide the demographic information for each household (e.g., number of adults and kids, income and education, vehicle ownership etc.). The travel demands of each individual in the household are modeled as chains of trips with spatial and temporal details that match the travel patterns of the individual’s demographic profile. The trip chains also consider multi-person trips, accounting for group traveling of the individual with others within and outside of the households. Using Miami as a case study city, we demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed approach. The proposed approach can be applied to any city using publicly available data as inputs.
Wen, RuoxiJiang, ZhenLiang, ChenTelenko, CassandraWang, BoFu, YanCai, Hua
This Recommended Practice provides a taxonomy and definitions for terms related to shared mobility and enabling technologies. Included are functional definitions for shared modes (e.g., carsharing, bikesharing, ridesourcing, etc.). Public transit services and other incumbent services—such as car rentals, shuttles, taxis, paratransit, ridesharing (carpooling/vanpooling), and pedicabs—are also included in the ecosystem of shared mobility services. This Recommended Practice also provides a taxonomy of related terms and definitions (e.g., station-based roundtrip, free-floating one-way, etc.). This Recommended Practice does not provide specifications or otherwise impose requirements on shared mobility.
Shared and Digital Mobility Committee
ABSTRACT The concept of Autonomous Vehicles ultimately generating an “order of magnitude” potential increase in the duty or usage cycle of a vehicle needs to be addressed in terms of impact on the reliability domain. Voice of the customer data indicates current passenger vehicle usage cycles are typically very low, 5% or less. Meaning, out of a 24 hour day, perhaps the average vehicle is actually driven only 70 minutes or less. Therefore, approximately 95% of the day, the vehicles lay dormant in an unused state. Within the context of future fully mature Autonomous Vehicle environment involving structured car sharing, the daily vehicle usage rate could grow to 95% or more.
Wasiloff, James
Nowadays, the automotive industry is experiencing the advent of unprecedented applications with connected devices, such as identifying safe users for insurance companies or assessing vehicle health. To enable such applications, driving behavior data are collected from vehicles and provided to third parties (e.g., insurance firms, car sharing businesses, healthcare providers). In the new wave of IoT (Internet of Things), driving statistics and users’ data generated from wearable devices can be exploited to better assess driving behaviors and construct driver models. We propose a framework for securely collecting data from multiple sources (e.g., vehicles and brought-in devices) and integrating them in the cloud to enable next-generation services with guaranteed user privacy protection. To achieve this goal, we design fine-grained privacy-aware data collection and upload policies that balance between enforcing privacy requirements and optimizing resource consumption (e.g., processing, network bandwidth). The optimal policy will be determined by the privacy index of the integrated multi-source data to be used by the specific service and the desired resource usage. Real-world experiments and privacy leakage analysis are conducted to address privacy issues in vehicle data collection and integration, raise public awareness around privacy leakage, and validate the proposed system.
Li, HuaxinMa, DiMedjahed, BrahimWang, QianyiKim, Yu SeungMitra, Pramita
This paper proposes a low-cost but indirect method for occupancy detection and occupant counting purpose in current and future automotive systems. It can serve as either a way to determine the number of occupants riding inside a car or a way to complement the other devices in determining the occupancy. The proposed method is useful for various mobility applications including car rental, fleet management, taxi, car sharing, occupancy in autonomous vehicles, etc. It utilizes existing on-board motion sensor measurements, such as those used in the vehicle stability control function, together with door open and closed status. The vehicle’s motion signature in response to an occupant’s boarding and alighting is first extracted from the motion sensors that measure the responses of the vehicle body. Then the weights of the occupants are estimated by fitting the vehicle responses with a transient vehicle dynamics model. This two stage approach is further used to determine how many occupants are staying in the car. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches has been verified in vehicle tests through a variety of occupancy configurations.
Luo, DaweiLu, JianboGuo, Gang
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