Browse Topic: Runways

Items (247)
Air Traffic Management (ATM) must be familiar with the exact Aircraft Take-off Weights (ATOWs) of airplanes to make the most use of runways, maintain safety margins high, and keep utilization and resources in balance. This paper aims to present a dependable ATOW forecasting methodology that can assist the air transport industry in enhancing operational decision-making. This research used datasets acquired from the EUROCONTROL Performance Review Commission (PRC) 2024 Aircraft Take-Off Weight Estimation dataset featuring 527,000 flights over Europe containing aircraft details, air trips and flight conditions. Technique comprises structured data input, inspection of missing data, timestamp aggregation to identify demand cycles over time, and domain-specific feature engineering using distance_per_minute, block_minutes, taxiout_ratio, and a strong wake turbulence metric The two supervised learning models used were Linear Regression (LR) for understanding and XGBoost for performance
Senthilkumar, N.S, GopalakrishnanGopinath, S
This paper analyzes the problems encountered in the site selection of large domestic airport towers. Combined with the site selection results of many large airports in China and a large number of scenarios simulated by FAA VIS software, multiple key factors such as line of sight angle, lateral resolution angle, target detection probability, and target recognition probability are analyzed, and quantitative calculation formulas are given. Finally, BIM software is used to simulate the airport and tower, and give coverage analysis for runways, taxiways, and aprons.
Shi, YongtaoWang, Shuo
Aircraft operations during landing or takeoff depend strongly on runway surface conditions. Safe runway operations depend on the tire-to-runway frictional force and the drag offered by the aircraft. In the present research article, a methodology is developed to estimate the braking friction coefficient for varied runway conditions accurately in real-time. To this end, the extended Kalman filtering technique (EKF) is applied to sensor-measured data using the on-ground mathematical model of aircraft and wheel dynamics. The aircraft velocity and wheel angular velocity are formulated as system states, and the friction coefficient is estimated as an augmented state. The relation between the friction coefficient and wheel slip ratio is established using both simulated and actual ground roll data. Also, the technique is evaluated with the simulated data as well as real aircraft taxi data. The accuracy of friction estimation, with and without the measurement of normal reaction force on the
T.K., Khadeeja NusrathSingh, Jatinder
In order to improve the operational efficiency of a multi-runway airport, an aircraft pushback and taxiing cooperative departure operation control method is proposed. First, a Markov decision process (MDP) model for dynamic pushback control is established based on the two-runway model. Then, the genetic simulated annealing algorithm is used as the optimization algorithm, and the DPC-GSAA algorithm solution model is proposed to find the conflict-free path with the least fuel consumption for the aircraft and runway selection. Finally, the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by simulation experiments in Beijing International Airport, and the results show that the method can significantly reduce the taxiing waiting time of aircraft and improve the overall operational efficiency of the airport.
Luo, WeizhenLian, GuanWu, YingziLi, WenyongHuang, Haifeng
The rapid growth of the civil aviation industry has placed significant pressure on limited airport runway resources, leading to increased taxiing delays and excessive fuel consumption. These challenges are exacerbated by the constant rise in air traffic, which necessitates more efficient management of airport operations. To mitigate these issues, this study proposes a flexible management approach that categorizes busy periods based on airport traffic density, taking into account the fluctuating load demand at different times of the day. This approach ensures that resource allocation aligns with actual traffic conditions, optimizing operational efficiency. Additionally, leveraging the existing dynamic pushback control framework, this research develops a cosine-based dynamic pushback control model, which incorporates parking stand waiting penalties. This model aims to reduce departure costs by dynamically adjusting the pushback rate according to congestion levels. To further optimize the
Wu, YingziLian, GuanLuo, WeizhenLi, WenyongZhao, YeqiZhang, Hao
In the last years, new rotorcraft configurations have increased the attention among industries, through which the tiltrotor one due to its capability of combining both rotorcraft and aircraft advantages. However, there are situations where the vertical take-off mode could be enhanced in hard environmental and flight conditions. Therefore, to address this challenge, this work aims to develop a methodology to characterize a roll take-off model for a general tiltrotor configuration in such situations. By combining the integration of the equation of motion and geometrical assumptions, the runway distance is determined for an acceptable range of nacelle tilting angles. The process is developed by meeting the requirements defined by the regulations, combining the aircraft certification standards (CS23 and CS25) with the available tiltrotor certification basis from the FAA project #TC3419RC-R. Following the Nominal application, a sensitivity analysis is carried out, which studies the main
Passarelli D'Onofrio, Anna SofiaPecoraro, Matteo
The advent of the low-altitude economy represents a novel economic paradigm that has emerged in recent years in response to technological advancement and an expanding social demand. The low-altitude economy is currently undergoing a period of rapid development, which underscores the importance of ensuring the safety of airfield operations. To enhance operational efficiency, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be utilized for the inspection of the surrounding area, runway inspection, environmental monitoring, and other tasks. This paper employs TurMass technology, the TurMass gateway is miniaturised as the communication module of FT24, and the TK8620 development board replaces the LoRa RF module in the ELRS receiver to achieve the communication transmission between the remote control and the receiver. Additionally, a TurMass chip is integrated into the UAV to transmit beacons, while an airfield management aerial vehicle is employed to receive nearby UAV data, thereby preventing
Zhang, XiaoyangChen, Hongming
The winged body reusable launch vehicle needs to be tested and evaluated for its functionality during the pre-flight preparation at the runway. The ground based checkout systems for the avionics and the actuator performance testing during pre-flight evaluation are not designed for rapid movement. This new kind of launch vehicle with solid rocket first-stage and winged body upper-stage demands the system testing at Launchpad and at the runway. The safety protocol forbids the permanent structure for hosting the checkout system near runway. The alternative is to develop a rapidly deployable and removable checkout system. A design methodology adopting conventional industrial instrumentation systems and maintaining mobility is presented. This paper presents the design and development of a mobile checkout system for supporting the ground pre-flight testing during autonomous flight landing trials.
V, Vivekanand
Transporting cargo has been a goal of helicopter operations since the earliest days of development. The concept of carrying passengers and cargo from and to remote locations without a runway was originally exploited by the US military in times of peace and war. Early helicopter designs were limited in fixed useful load after onboarding crew and fuel. The 1940's saw helicopters transporting small, lightweight packages on an as-needed basis. The decade of the 1960's started seeing heavy lift helicopters transporting specialty loads in construction and logistics supply, again on an as-needed basis. Today, several Part 135 helicopter operators offer as needed VTOL cargo services. Blade Air Mobility has developed a successful public company business model in Part 135 passenger transport and is also expanding in carrying parcels. With the advent of transformative VTOL air vehicle designs, there has been increasing emphasis on examining parcel delivery on a regular basis. As omni-channel
Stanzione, KaydonSchrage, Daniel
This specification covers runway deicing and anti-icing products in the form of a liquid. Unless otherwise stated, all specifications referenced herein are latest (current) revision.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
This specification covers a runway deicing and anti-icing product in the form of a solid. Unless otherwise stated, all specifications referenced herein are latest (current) revision.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
Ground vibration testing (GVT) is an important phase of the development, or the structural modification of an aircraft program. The modes of vibration and their associated parameters extracted from the GVT are used to modify the structural model of the aircraft to make more reliable dynamics predictions to satisfy certification authorities. Due to the high cost and the extensive preparations for such tests, a new method of vibration testing called taxi vibration testing (TVT) rooted in operational modal analysis (OMA) was recently proposed and investigated by the German Institute for Aerospace Research (DLR) as alternative to conventional GVT. In this investigation, a computational framework based on fully coupled flexible multibody dynamics for TVT is presented to further investigate the applicability of the TVT to flexible airframes. The time domain decomposition (TDD) method for OMA was used to postprocess the response of the airframe during a TVT. The framework was then used to
Al-bess, LohayKhouli, Fidel
One of the most significant challenges for the aviation industry in the winter is the deicing operations on runways. As a result, deicer chemicals can pollute the environment if used in a large amount. A mathematical model could help optimize the use of deicer chemicals. Road deicing models exist to predict pavement temperature covered by snow/ice during deicing operations. However, the specificity of airport operations requires a model for the runway deicing to simulate the mass of ice melted with usage of deicing agents. Here we propose a model for runway deicing and validate it against experimental results. Our model considers temperature, diffusive flux, and time changes in a normal direction. It also calculates the mass and heat transfer in three regions (liquid, mushy, and solid). We used the enthalpy method to determine the temperature and the interface location at each time step. In the liquid and solid, the deicer concentration is obtained by Fick’s law and updated at each
Maroufkhani, AidaCharpentier, ClaireMorency, FrancoisMomen, Gelareh
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the requirements for a Stationary Runway Weather Information System (referred to as the system) to monitor the surface conditions of airfield operational areas to ensure safer ground operations of aircraft. The system provides (1) temperature and condition information of runway, taxiway, and ramp pavements and (2) atmospheric weather conditions that assist airport personnel to maintain safer and more efficient airport operations. The system can be either a wired system or a wireless system.
G-15 Airport Snow and Ice Control Equipment Committee
This aerospace recommended practice provides definition for Airport Runway Brooms and covers requirements for various configurations of runway brooms with and without a carrier vehicle. Runway brooms are primarily used to move and clear snow and ice down to bare pavement on airport operational areas such as runways, taxiways and ramp areas. The term carrier vehicle represents the various self-propelled prime movers that provide the forward motion of the various configurations of runway brooms.
G-15 Airport Snow and Ice Control Equipment Committee
If every commuter drove the same few roads at the same time every day, the traffic would be unbearable. That’s exactly what’s happening in the skies above the nation, called the national airspace (NAS). Multiple flights from different airlines try to use the most direct flight paths, converging on the same airports. With limited runway space, that causes jumbo-sized traffic congestion. So, NASA worked with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), commercial airlines, and airports to develop and test a new program to manage airport traffic on the ground — the Integrated Arrival, Departure, and Surface (IADS) system. In 2022, the FAA began incorporating IADS capabilities at 27 of the busiest airports in the country.
The SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) focuses on the impact of alkali metal-based runway deicers (potassium acetate, potassium formate, and sodium acetate, and sodium formate) have on in-service aircraft EWIS components.
AE-8A Elec Wiring and Fiber Optic Interconnect Sys Install
This test method provides stakeholders (runway deicing/anti-icing product manufacturers, users, regulators, and airport authorities) with a relative ice penetration capacity of runway deicing/anti-icing product, by measuring the ice penetration as a function of time. Such runway deicing/anti-icing products are often also used on taxiways and other paved areas. This test method does not quantitatively measure the theoretical or extended time of ice penetration capability of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing product in liquid or solid form.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
This test method provides stakeholders (runway deicing/anti-icing product manufacturers, users, regulators, and airport authorities) with relative ice melting capacity of runway deicing/anti-icing products, by measuring the amount of ice melted as a function of time. Such runway deicing/anti-icing products are often also used on taxiways and other paved areas. This test method does not quantitatively measure the theoretical or extended time ice melting capability of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing product in liquid or solid form.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
This test method provides stakeholders (runway deicing/anti-icing product manufacturers, users, regulators, and airport authorities) with relative ice undercutting capacity of runway deicing/anti-icing products, by measuring the area of ice undercut pattern as a function of time. Such runway deicing/anti-icing products are often also used on taxiways and other paved areas. This test method does not quantitatively measure the theoretical or extended time of ice undercutting capability of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing products in liquid or solid form.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
A novel aviation infrastructure system by a multilayer ecological & energized module (EEM) system is aiming to create a high safety & security, graceful and comfortable air travel environment, high-quality air, zero energy, zero-water-consumption, and zero-carbon with a 100% greening rate, etc. It contains a modular EEM optical runway, totally-enclosed EEM ecological modules, and EEM ecological modules with thin-film or silicon solar cells on the top layer, etc. With the light processed and enhancing and optimizing crushed shadows & blown highlights and high contrast color layout, the EEM optical runway has a powerful visual flight, runway visual range (RVR), and significant blown highlights in 3D position and posture in various complex weather and occasions for the instrument landing, manually land and taxiing, etc. It’s always clean and bright without lampblack and exhaust traces since it is easy to rinse and replace. The totally-enclosed EEM system is laid flat on the entire
Xiong, XiangWen
This specification covers runway deicing and anti-icing products in the form of a liquid. Unless otherwise stated, all specifications referenced herein are latest (current) revision.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
This specification covers a runway deicing and anti-icing product in the form of a solid. Unless otherwise stated, all specifications referenced herein are latest (current) revision.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
This paper uses a multi-objective approach in order to optimize the suspension parameters of a bus traveling on poorly maintained runways. The objective functions chosen are the minimization of loads acting on the track and the RMS accelerations on the seat of three strategically positioned passengers on the bus. The numerical model of the bus has 13 degrees of freedom, including lateral dynamics, and the optimization is performed at a traveling speed of 40 km/h in a Double Lane Change (DLC) maneuver. The track is generated according to ISO 8606: 1995, described as class E. The model provides correlations between the sidetracks, and the dynamic interaction between the pavement and the tire is considered using the well-known model of Pacejka. Finally, the equations are solved in the time domain by the nonlinear Newmark method. The numerical model is coupled to a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (MOQPSO) and to the well-known Non
Gomes, Herbert MartinsGrotti, EwertonBackes, Artur DieguezFreitas Awruch, Marcos Daniel de
Aircrafts and runways de-icing operations with anti-icing fluids are still the most commonly used methods. In the specific case of aircrafts, they do contain glycols. Nevertheless, since two decades now, major environmental concerns are raised, along with important associated costs. Furthermore, once applied either on aircrafts or on runways, these fluids are diluted because of water brought from adverse weather conditions (rain, snow, icy conditions), conducting to increasing the freezing point from a subzero level to 0°C. The characterization of the freezing points of these fluids is indeed crucial for safety reasons. For years now, Raman spectroscopy is used for the characterization of these fluids, specifically the freezing point. But the presence of dyes did perturb the usual spectroscopic characterization. Three fluids, from their pure commercial form to highly diluted rate, were then studied by means of Raman spectroscopy at a new laser wavelength, and with the support of
Marchetti, MarioCasteran, GuillaumeJobard, CelineSaintot, BrunoBourson, PatriceFontana, Marc
14-day material test to determine the cyclic effects of runway deicing compounds on cadmium plated parts.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
Carter Aviation Technologies, LLC has spent over 20 years developing aircraft concepts utilizing its Slowed Rotor/Compound (SR/C™) technology, a technology that offers VTOL capability with fixed-wing cruise performance in a much simpler and less expensive method than other high speed VTOL approaches, with a rotor always in autorotation in case of emergency. Key to this technology is a rotor and related control system that can be dramatically slowed in flight while remaining stable. Multiple manned demonstrators have demonstrated the feasibility of the technology, as well as provided solid experimental flight test data on performance potential. Carter is now utilizing this technology for a new aircraft concept, the CarterCopter BizJet, to provide runway independent operation with business jet cruise performance, carrying up to nine people at top speeds exceeding 500 mph (435+ ktas or 805+ km/hr). This paper will focus on this new platform, its features, and capabilities.
Jr., JayLewis, Jeffrey
This test method provides stakeholders (runway deicing chemical manufacturers, users, regulators, and airport authorities) with a relative ice penetration capacity of runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals, by measuring the ice penetration as a function of time. Such runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals are often also used on taxiways and other paved areas. This test method does not quantitatively measure the theoretical or extended time of ice penetration capability of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
This test method provides stakeholders (runway deicing chemical manufacturers, users, regulators and airport authorities) with relative ice undercutting capacity of runway deicing chemicals, by measuring the area of ice undercut pattern as a function of time. Such runway deicing chemicals are often also used on taxiways and other paved areas. This test method does not quantitatively measure the theoretical or extended time of ice undercutting capability of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
This test method provides stakeholders (runway deicing chemical manufacturers, users, regulators, and airport authorities) with relative ice melting capacity of runway deicing chemicals, by measuring the amount of ice melted as a function of time. Such runway deicing chemicals are often also used on taxiways and other paved areas. This test method does not quantitatively measure the theoretical or extended time ice melting capability of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form.
G-12RDP Runway Deicing Product Committee
This study aims to determine the force acting on the rod ball end of an automotive suspension prototype from competition, participant in the Brazilian Tourism Championship 2016, used in training and to determine the fast lap time. The rod ball end is manufactured in SAE 4140 steel with heat treatment (body and ball) and the bush of polyacetal. To determine the force on the rod ball end the lower balance arm was converted into two load cells, through the setting of strain gage in each of the arms that compose it. It was recorded runway images with a camera in the cockpit and another camera placed inside the vehicle with the rear wheel housing, making possible to observe the suspension movement. When the prototype makes a chicane, the centripetal force is higher because the radius curve is small, when is accelerated it generates a force in line with the wheel, the front bar is compressed even more, and the rear is tensioned, that generates a load near to zero in this bar. The greatest
Gertz, L.C.Rodrigues, A.F.A.Cervieri, A.Salis, J.I.Theis, J.S.Rolim, G.S.Oliveira, A.B.
Aviation safety is a fundamental concern for all stakeholders. The traveling public demands the highest safety standards, but also wants convenience and reliability at a low price with minimal environmental impacts. Taking account of these sometimes competing demands can be challenging.
Aviation safety is one of the key focus areas of the aerospace industry as it involves safety of passengers, crew, assets etc. Due to advancements in technology, aviation safety has reached to safest levels compared to last few decades. In spite of declining trends in in-air accident rate, ground accidents are increasing due to ever increasing air traffic and human factors in the airport. Majority of the accidents occur during initial and final phases of the flight. Rapid increase in air traffic would pose challenge in ensuring safety and best utilization of Airports, Airspace and assets. In current scenario multiple systems like Runway Debris Monitoring System, Runway Incursion Detection System, Obstacle avoidance system and Traffic Collision Avoidance System are used for collision prediction and alerting in airport environment. However these approaches are standalone in nature and have limitations in coverage, performance and are dependent on onboard equipment. There is a need to
Thupakula, KiranSivaramasastry, AdisheshaGampa, Srikanth
This aerospace recommended practice provides definition for Airport Runway Brooms and covers requirements for various configurations of runway brooms with and without a carrier vehicle. Runway brooms are primarily used to move and clear snow and ice down to bare pavement on airport operational areas such as runways, taxiways and ramp areas. The term carrier vehicle represents the various self-propelled prime movers that provide the forward motion of the various configurations of runway brooms.
G-15 Airport Snow and Ice Control Equipment Committee
The Spot and Runway Departure Advisor, or SARDA, is NASA’s contribution to improving the efficiency of airport surface operations. It is the centerpiece of a partnership among airlines, airports, and air traffic controllers to improve operations at the nation’s busiest airports.
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the requirements for a Stationary Runway Weather Information System (referred to as the system) to monitor the surface conditions of airfield operational areas to ensure safer ground operations of aircraft. The system provides (1) temperature and condition information of runway, taxiway, and ramp pavements and (2) atmospheric weather conditions that assist airport personnel to maintain safer and more efficient airport operations. The system can be either a wired system or a wireless system.
G-15 Airport Snow and Ice Control Equipment Committee
Merging and Spacing (M&S) in ACES is a software product written in the Java programming language that adds scheduling and management of flights into and out of an airport for the Airspace Concepts Evaluation System (ACES) simulation. ACES is a systems-level simulation that portrays NAS-wide flight. The ACES simulation, prior to the delivery of the M&S product in 2010, was limited to a node/queuing model for the terminal airspace, which means that it modeled the time an aircraft would generally take from its metering fix to/from a runway, but it did not provide a model for its physical location during that flight phase. The M&S software uses the IAI Kinematic Trajectory-Generator to model actual physical trajectories through the terminal airspace, and uses a scheduling algorithm along with various managers for waypoints (specific locations along the route) to direct each arriving and departing aircraft to a trajectory and schedule that not only behaves according to the performance
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