Browse Topic: Restraint systems
Tippers transporting loose bulk cargo during prolonged descents are subject to two critical operational challenges: cargo displacement and rear axle lifting. Uncontrolled cargo movement, often involving loose aggregates or soil, arises due to gravitational forces and insufficient restraint systems. This phenomenon can lead to cabin damage, loss of control, and hazardous discharge of materials onto roadways. Simultaneously, load imbalances during descent can cause rear axle lift, increasing stress on the front steering axle, resulting in tire slippage and compromised maneuverability. This study proposes a dynamic control strategy that adjusts the tipper lift angle in real time to align with the descent angle of the road. By synchronizing the trailer bed angle with the slope of the terrain, the system minimizes cargo instability, maintains rear axle contact, and enhances braking performance, including engine and exhaust braking systems. Computational modelling is employed to assess the
When it comes to plastics applications, cars are rarely the first products that come to mind. However, with modern vehicles containing 1,000 to 1,500 plastic parts — including dashboards, control elements, clips, trim parts, brackets, door panels, bumpers, and radiator grilles — the material is more important for mobility than we might assume. Some of these plastic parts are relevant for the drivers’ safety: for instance, airbag covers must open correctly in an accident and seat belt guides and retractors could cause severe injuries if they break or deform under load. Their quality is vital. At the same time however, cost pressure and new regulations — for instance regarding an increased use of recycled materials that is under way in the European Union — pose new challenges, especially in plastic injection molding. Digital solutions for measurement technology help control and stabilize the complex process and may even lead to increased product quality despite tougher conditions.
This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting rear impact occupant restraint and equipment mounting integrity tests for ambulance patient compartment applications. Its purpose is to describe crash pulse characteristics and establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system and equipment mount testing for ambulances. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.
This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting side impact occupant restraint and equipment mounting integrity tests for ambulance patient compartment applications. Its purpose is to describe crash pulse characteristics and establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system and equipment mounting testing for ambulances. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.
This SAE Recommended Practice describes the test procedures for conducting frontal impact occupant restraint and equipment mounting integrity tests for ambulance patient compartment applications. Its purpose is to describe crash pulse characteristics and establish recommended test procedures that will standardize restraint system and equipment mounting testing for ambulances. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, and the test fixtures are included.
The effect of seat belt misuse and/or misrouting is important to consider because it can influence occupant kinematics, reduce restraint effectiveness, and increase injury risk. As new seatbelt technologies are introduced, it is important to understand the prevalence of seatbelt misuse. This type of information is scarce due to limitations in available field data coding, such as in NASS-CDS and FARS. One explanation may be partially due to assessment complexity in identifying misuse and/or misrouting. An objective of this study was to first identify types of lap-shoulder belt misuse/misrouting and associated injury patterns from a literature review. Nine belt misuse/misrouting scenarios were identified including shoulder belt only, lap belt only, or shoulder belt under the arm, for example, while belt misrouting included lap belt on the abdomen, shoulder belt above the breasts, or shoulder belt on the neck. Next, the literature review identified various methods used to assess misuse
Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has many applications in automotive industry including electrical harnesses, door handles, seat and head rest covers, and instrument panel (IP) and other interior trim. In IP applications, the PVC skin plays a critical role in passenger airbag deployment (PAB) by tearing along the scored edge of the PAB door and allowing the door to open and the airbag to inflate to protect the occupant. As part of the IP, the PVC skin may be exposed to elevated temperatures and ultraviolet (UV) radiation during the years of the vehicle life cycle which can affect the PVC material properties over time and potentially influence the kinematics of the airbag deployment. Chemical and thermal aging of plasticized PVC materials have been studied in the past, yet no information is found on how the aging affects mechanical properties at high rates of loading typical for airbag deployment events. This paper compares mechanical properties of the virgin PVC-based IP skin
This SAE Recommended Practice describes the method for safe deployment of airbag modules in vehicles equipped with electrically actuated airbag systems for the purpose of disposal. It is intended to provide a procedure that does not require significant technical expertise, is easy to operate, and is readily available to be used by automobile dismantlers or vehicle shredders to deploy airbag modules prior to automobile reclamation.
Dynamic Vehicle mass is one of the most critical parameters in automotive controls such as battery management, transmission shift scheduling, distance-to-empty predictions and most importantly, various active and passive safety systems. This work aims to find out dynamic Vehicle mass for Electric Vehicles in real time transient driving conditions. The work proposes a real-time approach in finding Dynamic vehicle mass where accumulated Energy based vehicle performance, an improvement to the vehicle dynamics equation, has been employed for consistent and accurate results. Factors affecting vehicle mass such as road grade, dynamic friction coefficient, driving pattern, wheel slip etc. have been considered for model optimization. Here recursive Bayesian state estimator has been used for finding vehicle mass as a constant state variable while time varying forgetting factors are used to nullify the impact of major losses. Algorithm is auto tuned using Machine Learning techniques to first
Pelvic orientation in vehicles is crucial for preventing injuries and creating safer vehicles and restraint systems. A better understanding of pelvic orientation could provide more accurate anthropomorphic test device (ATD) models of underrepresented populations such as obese individuals, children, and small females. Sonomicrometry is the use of piezoelectric transducers that transmit ultrasound signals to each other to measure the distance between them. These signals may be aggregated using triangulation. In this experiment, ultrasound crystals were secured to the surface of a porcine surrogate to evaluate pelvic movement. This data was then processed using Sonometrics software to generate a 3D model of four static positions and three dynamic tests. The test was validated using a camera and a 3D measurement arm (CMM) to validate XYZ positions. This article discusses how this method could be helpful for developing more accurate ATD models, preventing fatalities in vehicle crashes.
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