Browse Topic: Parking assistance

Items (54)
ABSTRACT Popularity of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) in the passenger car industry has seen an explosive growth in recent years. Some ADAS that are becoming ubiquitous are Lane Departure Warning (LDW), Blind Spot Detection (BSD) and automatic parking or parking assistance systems. In many cases, such systems had been developed specifically to handle the most demanding driving conditions at very high speeds, which typically require very sophisticated software and high-power hardware. However, in the other application areas or geographical regions, such sophistication often hinders adoption of the technology. An alternate approach is to use off-the-shelf (OTS) component as much as possible so that similar systems with an appropriate subset of functions can be developed cheaply and quickly. The approach similar to the NASA’s “PhoneSats” program is discussed in this paper
Bae, HongJiang, YiHennessy, Chris
Parking-slot detection plays a critical role in the self-parking system for autonomous driving. To enhance the complexity of the environmental situations in parking-slot datasets and reduce the difficulty of manual annotation, we design several data synthesis methods to generate new parking-slots under different situations. Methods introduced in this paper include synthesizing parking-slots in AVM (around view monitor) images, generating parking-slots in fisheye images and adding 2D symbols inside parking-slots to form special ones. To test the influence of our synthetic data, we conduct a series of experiments on different tasks. In the parking-slot detection experiments, we design a novel two-stage parking-slot detection method. We use YOLOv7 as the object detector and different from previous methods, we detect the complete parking-slots and marking points at the same time. Then we match marking points and give them a certain order in the second stage. We achieve accuracy of 80.28
Li, JianZhang, SongMeng, ChaoMei, JinrenBie, XiaofangHe, Xin
Parking an articulated vehicle is a challenging task that requires skill, experience, and visibility from the driver. An automatic parking system for articulated vehicles can make this task easier and more efficient. This article proposes a novel method that finds an optimal path and controls the vehicle with an innovative method while considering its kinematics and environmental constraints and attempts to mathematically explain the behavior of a driver who can perform a complex scenario, called the articulated vehicle park maneuver, without falling into the jackknifing phenomena. In other words, the proposed method models how drivers park articulated vehicles in difficult situations, using different sub-scenarios and mathematical models. It also uses soft computing methods: the ANFIS-FCM, because this method has proven to be a powerful tool for managing uncertain and incomplete data in learning and inference tasks, such as learning from simulations, handling uncertainty, and
Rezaei Nedamani, HamidrezaSoleymanifard, MostafaSafaeifar, AliKhiabani, Parisa Masnadi
When Ford first reintroduced the Ranger to North America in 2019, it was welcomed largely because of its revered nameplate. But outside of a lauded 2.3-L 4-cylinder turbo engine and an impressive array of options, there wasn't much to write home about. And critics downgraded the lineup for a spartan interior and having a ride that bounced passengers around. Ford says it built the 2024 Ranger lineup with that feedback in mind. And, for the enthusiast crowd, the yearned-for Ranger Raptor makes its loud debut with a 405-hp engine
Clonts, Chris
Ensuring the safety of vehicle occupants has always been the primary focus of automakers. To achieve this goal, they have invested in the development of active safety features, which are designed to prevent accidents from occurring in the first place. These innovations are driven by a desire to save lives and reduce the risk of injury or death on the road. The implementation of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and automated driving functions requires a high level of complexity and coordination between various subsystems. To meet these challenges, modular design of the domain controller has emerged as a promising approach. By separating the controller into smaller, specialized modules, it is possible to more efficiently and effectively manage the various functions needed for ADAS and automated driving. In this paper, we present a summary of our research on the use of the modular design approach for the domain controller in the context of implementing ADAS and automated driving
Mansour, IyadSingh, Sanjay
As one of the essential parts of automatic parking system (APS), the parking motion control module directly affects the system performance and driver experience. Therefore, it is necessary to design a simple, robust and efficient trajectory tracking algorithm which adapt to the various parking conditions. Firstly, considering the predictability and the ability of dealing with various system constraints, the model predictive control (MPC) lateral controller is designed. Then, the second lateral controller based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) algorithm is designed, which has the excellent capability of balancing the multiple performances of the system. Finally, Stanley lateral controller is designed as the benchmark for horizontal comparison. Parallel and vertical parking simulation environments are proposed to verify the effectiveness of the designed lateral controllers, and the advantages and shortcomings of each control algorithm are horizontally analyzed and summarized. It can
Xiong, LuPiao, WenhaiLeng, BoCao, YujieQi, Yuqin
The recent proliferation of perception sensing and computing technologies has promoted the rapid development of automated driving. The design of the perception sensing system has nonnegligible influences both on the performances of various automated driving features and on the system costs. This paper proposes an automated driving feature oriented framework for automatic selection and arrangement of the sensors in the perception sensing system. An automated driving feature oriented optimization model is built considering the characteristics and requirements of the specific feature and a genetic algorithm based design method is provided to solve this optimization model. Furthermore, the Adaptive Cruise Control feature and the Automated Parking Assistance feature are selected as the simulation cases to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method has prospective potential to provide an automatic generation framework for the sensor selection and arrangement scheme
Meng, TianchuangHuang , JinZhang, BoweiHao, JianpingJia, YifanYang, DiangeZhong, Zhihua
To resolve the issue of poor generality of current parking methods based on idle space, a panoramic parking path planning method based on DMPR-PS and Hybrid A-Star is proposed. In this paper, a pure vision approach is adopted, and a fisheye camera is selected as an image acquisition device to build panoramic parking assistance system. Subsequently, the parking slot directional marking points are obtained through DMPR-PS model, and the valid entrance line can be also acquired to recognize parking slot. The accuracy of parking slots recognition can reach 96.86%.Eventually, the planned path can be achieved based on the Hybrid A-Star algorithm where vehicle kinematics and obstacle avoidance constraints are considered. The effectiveness of the planned path can be verified with the adoption of MATLAB and real-vehicle test. The results indicate that the vehicle can be guided to complete remote parking accurately by employing the proposed method, and the method proves to be equipped with
Zhao, YingHuang, XiangfeiXiao, YujieXue, QihongWang, Yuelong
Automotive industry is going through a massive digital transformation to enable advance ADAS functions like cruise control, safety and parking assist. To develop and test advance and complex deep neural network-based AI/ML ADAS models, the need of huge amount of rich and diverse annotated data is utmost important. Over the past decade it has been observed that annotation complexity has increased tremendously and evolved from a simple bounding box to complex annotations like segmentation, 3D bounding box, key points etc. that too with multiple sensor integration. Hence such stupendous annotation task cannot be executed inhouse unlike in the past, companies choose to outsource time consuming and labor-intensive task to third party vendors. Hence annotation becomes an additional and unexpected challenge in ADAS function development, which urge the need for standard annotation format. The overall approach, in this paper is to propose comprehensive simple and robust annotation structure and
Kumari, Anita
To resolve the problems of path curvature mutation and automatic parking path planning in complex scenes, a novel parking path planning method based on the combination of Reeds-Shepp curve and A-Star algorithm is proposed in this paper. To start with, the points from the planned path are selected based on Reeds-Shepp curve, whereby the planned path is segmented and optimized according to the combination of limited information collected by environmental perception system and A-Star algorithm, then the planned path of automatic parking is executed successfully in complex barriers scenarios. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the segmented path is verified with the adoption of MATLAB and real-vehicle test. It can be seen from the results that the path planned based on the combination of Reeds-Shepp curve and A-Star algorithm is proven to provide a smooth path, superior execution, and high security
Zhao, YingXue, QihongHuang, XiangfeiYu, TingYang, Hongtao
In order to solve the problems of accuracy, comfort and robustness of driverless vehicles under parallel parking condition, a control method of path tracking based on model predictive control (MPC) is studied. The kinematics model of driverless vehicle under parking condition is established. The calculation method of minimum parking space size required for parking is proposed. The linear error model of vehicle kinematics is established. In order to make the vehicle track the desired path quickly and smoothly, an appropriate objective function is designed. In rolling optimization, the constraint conditions of velocity and front wheel steering angle are imposed on the objective function to achieve the solution in the control period, the control input constraint and control increment constraint are set. In order to ensure the stability of the path tracking process, constraint condition of velocity is set. Based on MATLAB environment, the effects of control method of path tracking based on
Yu, LeiyanWang, XianyuHou, Zeyu
As one of the most challenging driving tasks, parking is a common but particularly troublesome problem in large cities. Recently, an excellent solution-automated valet parking (AVP) has become a hot research topic, which allows the driver to leave the vehicle in a drop-off area, while the vehicle driving into the parking slot by itself. For AVP, the precise localization is an indispensable module. However, the global positioning system (GPS) cannot be used in the underground parking lot and the localization method based on lidar is too expensive. In response to solve this problem, we propose a simultaneous localization and mapping system with the semantic information of parking slots (PS-SLAM), which is based on visual-inertial and around view images. First, the calibration of multi-sensors is conducted to obtain their intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In this way, the around view image and transformation matrices between sensors can be acquired. Then, the ORB-SLAM3 based on visual
LI, WeiLi, ChaohuiXiao, DongjieZhou, DongWang, TaoCao, Libo
This article focuses on the implementation of a perpendicular parking assistance and more precisely, the path planner of the perpendicular parking. An iterative algorithm is adopted consisting of two steps. Firstly, whether the vehicle can reverse or drive park into the desired slot in one maneuver is checked. Secondly, a sequence of backward and forward moving is implemented from the original position, until the vehicle reaches a configuration of states from which it can be pulled into the parking slot. In both steps, the constraints of parking space and vehicle dynamics are considered. Simulation examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed path planning strategy are presented
Ye, FeiLu, HuiQi, Cheng
How to generate a reasonable path for automatic parking assist has been extensively studied. However, it is still a huge challenge to design a path planner that can handle tight space environments for all common parking scenarios. The things need to be considered in the process of path planning algorithm design, including generate a path quickly and low computational costs and collision-free path, make the problem even more difficult to be solved. In this paper, a path planning algorithm based on hybrid A-star and RS algorithm is proposed. The algorithm introduces the concept of guiding points which we can directly generate collision-free path through the RS algorithm, and the guiding point are calculated offline using hybrid A-star algorithm for various working scenarios. And the algorithm was tested and validated by the simulation and vehicle test in two common parking scenarios. As illustrated by the simulation and vehicle test results, the proposed path planning algorithm is
Li, ChaoDu, JianyuLiu, BinLi, Jianfeng
For novice drivers, intelligent parking system is very useful, it can reduce the accident rate in the parking process, so it has been widely used. Intelligent parking system includes parking assistance system, remote control parking system and valet parking system, etc., but the related test and evaluation standards of remote control parking system and valet parking system are not mature, and there are not too many referable test and evaluation methods in the world. This paper analyzes the technical characteristics of the current intelligent parking system, and refers to the parking assistance system test and evaluation method, and puts forward a reasonable assessment standard and feasible test scheme. The evaluation criteria and test methods are validated under parallel parking conditions. In this paper, parking performance, parking efficiency, parking safety and other aspects of comprehensive consideration, the proposed evaluation indicators include: parking search ability, parking
Li, TaoXi, RuixuanZhang, ShuaiLiu, YuGao, Jinxian
The development of vehicles faces changes in many future flows. The vehicle’s power transfer systems are being changed from conventional types to Hybrid, Electric and Hydrogen vehicles. At this moment, the technology of EPS (Electric Power Steering) system has been expanding from a simple torque assist system to LKAS(Lane Keeping Assist System), PAP(Park Assist Pilot), ALCAS(Active Lane Change System), ADAS(Advanced Driver Assistance System). A good test bench is necessary for the evaluation of both hardware and control logics of EPS in these complexities of development process. Simultaneous Rig and HILS tests can be performed to check that the steering hardware system can perform to the concept of the development vehicle and develop EPS control logic performances. The hardware performance of the steering system might be evaluated based on measured friction and stiffness, taking into account various driving conditions. And the control logic of the EPS can be evaluated based on the
Kim, ChangsuLee, ByungrimPark, Youngdae
With the increasing number of urban cars, parking has become the primary problem that people face in daily life. Therefore, many scholars have studied the automatic parking system. In the existing research, most of the path planning methods use the combined path of arc and straight line. In this method, the path curvature is not continuous, which indirectly leads to the low accuracy of path tracking. The parking path designed using the fifth-order polynomial is continuous, but its curvature is too large to meet the steering constraints in some cases. In this paper, a continuous-curvature parking path is proposed. The parking path tracker based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm is designed under the constraints of the control accuracy and vehicle steering. Firstly, in order to make the curvature of the parking path continuous, this paper superimposes the fifth-order polynomial with the sigmoid function, and the curve obtained has the continuous and relatively small curvature
Meng, XiangxiWu, JianHe, RuiZhu, BingZhao, Jian
Advance Active Safety Systems play a preventive role in mitigating crashes and accidents by providing warning, additional assistance to the driver and maneuverability of vehicle by itself. Some of the features include forward collision warning system and lane departure warning system activate a warning alert when potentially dangerous situations are detected. These active safety features present in developed markets work with Fusion based algorithm combining Radar, Lidar, Camera, Ultrasonic sensor’s input. Application of these algorithms are Intelligent Cruise Control, Collision avoidance, parking assistance, identify pedestrian etc. The complexity of the algorithm, cost of the control unit and road infrastructure are hindrance to emerging market. The solution presented in this paper is towards camera-based solution, describing the method to determine the predictive path, that is obstacle free space and use the predictive space to navigate or steer. This paper focuses on vehicle
Bose, SouvikSingh, Ashwani KumarSingampalli, D V Ram Kumarlalwani, Chandraprakash
Automatic Parking Assist System (APAS) is an important part of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS). It frees drivers from the burden of maneuvering a vehicle into a narrow parking space. This paper deals with the motion planning, a key issue of APAS, for vehicles in automatic parking. Planning module should guarantee the robustness to various initial postures and ensure that the vehicle is parked symmetrically in the center of the parking slot. However, current planning methods can’t meet both requirements well. To meet the aforementioned requirements, a method combining neural network and Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is adopted in this work. From a driver’s perspective, different initial postures imply different parking strategies. In order to achieve the robustness to diverse initial postures, a natural idea is to train a model that can learn various strategies. As artificial neural network has outstanding potential in representing and learning knowledge, a neural network is
Hu, FengweiChen, HuiZhang, Jiren
This paper summarizes progress and outcome from our research projects on adaptive model predictive control based parking management system, including parking motion planning and control strategy, as well as a localization strategy for parking spot. IMPC here refers to interactive model predictive control regime, which is characterized in that multiple agents implementing separate MPC strategy are incorporating information about their state, objective, and constraints. To predict future parking parameters, we proposed a practical framework which integrates anticipatory techniques with a model predictive approach that robustly models the uncertainty intrinsic of parking environment. The control regime puts comprehensive consideration into the interactions between vehicle subsystems, thus capable of optimizing trajectory under complex input disturbances under real-world driving scenarios. Moreover, Adaptive model predictive control is utilized to optimally minimize a cost function
Ouyang, QianyuJia, Xianzhe
The objective of this study was to investigate if 3D auditory displays could be used to enhance parking assistance systems (PAS). Objective measurements and estimations of workload were used to assess the benefits of different 3D auditory displays. In today’s cars, PAS normally use a visual display together with simple sound signals to inform drivers of obstacles in close proximity. These systems rely heavily on the visual display, as the sound does not provide information about obstacles' location. This may cause the driver to lose focus on the surroundings and reduce situational awareness. Two user studies (during summer and winter) were conducted to compare three different systems. The baseline system corresponded to a system normally found in today’s cars. The other systems were designed with a 3D auditory display, conveying information of where obstacles were located through sound. A visual display was also available. Both normal parking and parallel parking was conducted. Time
Lundkvist, AndréJohnsson, RogerNykänen, ArneStridfelt, Jakob
The number of advanced driver assistance systems is constantly increasing. Many of the systems require visual attention, and a way to reduce risks associated with inattention could be to use multisensory signals. A driver's main attention is in front of the car, but inattention to surrounding areas beside and behind the car can be a risk. Therefore, there is a need for driver assistance systems capable of directing attention to the sides. In a simulator study, combined visual, auditory and vibrotactile signals for directional attention capture were designed for use in driver assistance systems, such as blind spot information, parking assistance, collision warnings, navigation, lane departure warning etc. An experiment was conducted in order to measure the effects of the use of different sensory modalities on directional attention (left/right) in driver assistance systems. Attention was assessed in a driving simulator using Lane Change Task together with a secondary task, designed to
Lundkvist, AndréNykänen, Arne
This paper provides a detailed study of the recent developments in the field of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and researches in ADASs since last decade. The paper provides a survey on Cognitive cars and driver oriented intelligent vehicles and their motion, stimuli, reflex and response. The main objectives of the paper re the future advancements in ADASs, the response duration, user-compatibility and stimuli decision-action on driver as well as on the system side. "THE SOUL PURPOSE OF ADASs IS TO SUPPORT THE DRIVERS RATHER THAN TO REPLACE THEM". Keeping this into consideration, this paper addresses the major achievements and major difficulties in making Advanced Driver Assistance System to be incorporated in today’s automation. The paper describes the pros and cons on the modern day cognitive cars, its areas of improvement and further modifications. The paper also describes briefly about the driver safety when the ADASs is not implemented and modern day driving skills. Then the
Paul, AneeshChauhan, RohanSrivastava, RiturajBaruah, Mriganka
Parking assist systems which relieve burden of drivers have been put into practice in the world. Mitsubishi Electric has also been developing several technologies to realize the system, where our products such as sonar (ultrasonic sensor), electric power steering (EPS), a motor, and an inverter are used. In the parking assist system, peripheral environment of the vehicle in a parking lot is detected with our sonar sensors and determine whether or not there is a parking space available. Estimation of the position and the attitude of the vehicle is also carried out. On the basis of the detection and the estimation, a smooth and efficient path to drive and park the vehicle is generated with an optimization technique. In particular, this paper focuses on a drive control for electrified vehicles to track the reference trajectory at a desired speed given from the assist system. Taking advantages of features of the motor, which has high-speed responses and generates precise and large torque
Yokoyama, KazutoIezawa, MasahiroAkashi, YoheiSatake, ToshihideAkemi, YukiyasuInoue, SatoruSuzuki, Ryotaro
Parking assist systems have become very common in current vehicles. The purpose of such a system is to assist the driver to park the vehicle without collision. The sensors serve as eyes of the driver during parking maneuver by sensing any obstacle in the path. The parking sensors, typically ultrasonic sensors, are mounted on front and rear of vehicle to assist the driver to park the vehicle. Thus, such a system can cover only the front and rear portion of the vehicle and is unable to cover the side portions of the vehicle. This paper proposes a novel method to monitor the perimeter of a vehicle while parking using minimum sensors placed at strategic locations. A local map of the parking area is generated using data from sensors which helps in identifying static obstacles. The map is constantly updated in real time during parking. The algorithm ascertains that the entire perimeter of the vehicle is protected from impending collisions in real time. The algorithm takes into account
Chatterjee, MayurikaRao, AtchyutaRajguru, Chaitanya
This paper proposes a parking assist system that fuses around view monitor (AVM) image, ultrasonic sensor, and in-vehicle motion sensor. The proposed system recognizes various types of parking slot markings using AVM image sequences and classifies occupancies of the detected parking slots using ultrasonic sensors. Once a desirable parking slot is selected by a driver, its position is continuously tracked by fusing AVM images and motion sensor-based odometry. Experimental results show that the proposed system can reliably detect and track various types of parking slot markings
Choi, JaeseobChang, EugeneYoon, DaejoongRyu, SeongsookJung, HogiSuhr, Jaekyu
Vision based systems using cameras are widely used in various industry verticals. The basic functionality of a vision system is to detect an object and then recognize it. In current automotive industry these systems are being used in applications like collision avoidance, intelligent cruise control, blind spot detection, parking assistance, identify pedestrians, etc. During driving conditions, 2 wheeler and 4 wheeler drivers are required to concentrate more on the road because of which they may tend to miss the traffic signs; more often during night times. The traffic signs can be one way, U-turn, right/left turn prohibited, bump ahead and etc. So there is a need for a system which detects, recognizes and intimates these signs to the driver. Extensive research is being carried out in the area of recognizing a traffic sign, but more focused research is done for a complex problem of detecting the sign in the real world environment. The proposed image processing algorithm for detection of
Kumar C, SunilSrinivasaiah, BhavaniDhinagar, Jabez
Over the past ten years, the worldwide sensors technology market has experienced tremendous growth. Today’s sensor technology has been woven seamlessly into our everyday lives through a vast array of new and exciting applications that continue to evolve at a pace never seen before. To put things into perspective, ten years ago the average automobile utilized about 35 sensors. Today, the average automobile incorporates more than 100 sensors that measure and monitor everything from speed, oxygen, and brakes, to parking assistance and airbags
Recently, Electric Power Steering (EPS) Systems are gaining popularity and acceptance among the auto manufacturers and consumers. When compared to the hydraulic power steering systems, increased fuel efficiency is one of the most deserving advantages of the EPS systems. However, elimination of hydraulic fluid is an environmentally safer alternative. In a hydraulic power steering system, hydraulic pump is turned on when the engine is running and power is consumed regardless the vehicle is steered or not. The hydraulic pump, piping and hoses add extra weight and labor cost to the system. In a vehicle with electric power steering, the steering system can be tuned easily for steering feel and the ability to return to the center position. It can also be easily adapted to various road conditions including the highway and city driving conditions. Moreover, the electric power steering is an integral part of the vehicle dynamics and stability control systems. A highly safe and reliable EPS
Jacob, Paravila O.
General Motors has pursued research to develop systems intended to assist drivers in recognizing people or objects behind them when they are backing, and this paper summarizes results from this research. We are currently working with ultrasonic rear parking assist systems, rear radar backing warning systems, and rear camera systems, which are briefly described and their utility for assisting drivers in recognizing people or objects behind them discussed. Our research on driver performance with a prototype long range backing warning system found that audible and visual warning combinations may not be effective in warning distracted drivers about unexpected objects. Driver expectancy is thought to play a significant role in this result. However, further research found drivers were more likely to notice an unexpected obstacle behind their vehicle with a prototype rear view video camera system compared to ultrasonic rear parking assist and trials that had no system. These results suggest
Green, Charles A.Deering, Richard K.
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