Browse Topic: Hydrostatic transmissions
The following listed definitions are intended to establish terminology and criteria for describing the various kinds of automotive transmissions. A specific arrangement may be described by a combination of several of these definitions
This SAE Aerospace Information Report presents the following factors that affect hydraulic pump life and performance: a The need to supply hydraulic fluid at the correct pressure and quality to the pump inlet port b Considerations for the pump output c Factors to be considered for the pump case drain lines d The mounting of the hydraulic pump e Hydraulic fluid properties, including cleanliness
In a modern world, the tractor customer demands are increasing for more comfortable, new technology, fuel efficient and quieter vehicle. The customer’s expectation for NVH refinement often challenges the limitations for tractor designs. For smaller tractors Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) is need due to higher demand for fuel efficiency, lightweight powertrain, and the operation will become easy in the farm field. With the Hydrostatic Transmission (HST) tractor without damper, there is a technical challenge like withstanding of the sudden impacts from the implements which are connected to PTO during field operations. The NVH behavior in driveline is critical phenomena which can cause the discomfort to end users and structural failure of driveline parts. During gear engagement due to sudden variation in torque the driveline parts are tends to clash each other because of lashes which will create high level of angular acceleration and noise
This SAE Standard applies to self-propelled, rider operated sweepers and scrubbers as defined in SAE J2130 with maximum machine level surface speeds up to 32 km/h. Machines capable of speeds equal to and greater than 32 km/h are not covered by this document
The traction-drive integrated drive generator (T-IDG®) has been developed since 1999 to replace current hydrostatic transmission drive generators mounted on Japanese military aircraft. The T-IDG® consists of a generator and a half-toroidal traction-drive continuously variable transmission (CVT), which maintains a constant output speed of 24000 rpm, that is, a 400 Hz AC power supply. To cope with recent trends of more electric aircraft (MEA) and the need for weight reduction, a high-speed traction-drive CVT is advantageous over other transmissions. The torque on the half-toroidal variator is transmitted through multiple power rollers. The equal load sharing among power rollers is typically controlled by a mechanical hydraulic feedback system, whose stability is one of the main issues for the high-speed traction-drive CVT. Previous studies have shown that insufficient damping and stiffness of the mechanical hydraulic feedback system cause self-induced vibration. We found that the support
An increase in the number of vehicles per capita coupled with stricter emission regulations have made the development of newer and better hybrid vehicle architectures indispensable. Although electric hybrids have more visibility and are now commercially available, hydraulic hybrids, with their higher power densities and cheaper components, have been rigorously explored as the alternative. Several architectures have been proposed and implemented for both on and off highway applications. The most commonly used architecture is the series hybrid, which requires an energy conversion from the primary source (engine) to the secondary domain. From he re, the power flows either into the secondary source (high-pressure accumulator) or to the wheels depending upon the state of charge of the accumulator. A mode-switching hydraulic hybrid, which is a combination of a hydrostatic transmission and a series hybrid, was recently developed in the author’s research group. This paper focuses on the
Stationary (parking) brake is a very important and safety critical function in many classes of machines. The new transmissions and the “by wire” systems increase the criticality of the role of stationary brake, as it is also an emergency (secondary) brake, and it’s often used to hold the vehicle when the transmission is not locking the wheels. As an example, dual clutch and power-shift transmission gear systems, as well as hydrostatic transmissions under certain circumstances, are often unable to hold the vehicle stopped and this function is provided by the stationary brake. Due to the main need of having the brake actuated when vehicle is stopped, without any hydraulic and electric power, the brake configuration is normally a “negative” configuration, usually called “spring applied” because of the actuator configuration, but this configuration causes the brake actuation when de-energized, even in case of system failure. A thorough hazard analysis on fault cases, performed over the
With the need for improvement in the fuel economy along with reduction in emissions due to stringent regulations, powertrain hybridization has become the focal point of research for the automotive sector. Hydraulic hybrids have progressively gained acceptance due to their high power density and low component costs relative to their electric counterpart and many different architectures have been proposed and implemented on both on and off-highway applications. The most commonly used architecture is the series hybrid which offers great flexibility for implementation of power management strategies. But the direct connection of the high pressure accumulator to the system often results in operation of the hydraulic units in high pressure and low displacement mode. However, in this operating mode the hydraulic units are highly inefficient. Also, the accumulator renders the system highly compliant and makes the response of the transmission sluggish. In contrast, a hydrostatic transmission has
Among the various types of hydrostatic transmissions, those based on radial piston multi-stroke machines are well-known solutions for off-road mobile machines. The balance between compactness, efficiency, control, comfort and price is the main reason for this. For the same reason, several car companies have tried to introduce hydrostatic transmissions into on-road applications. All such efforts have failed, mainly due to the whine noise produced by the hydrostatic machines. In particular, well-known standard solutions that aim to address the noise of radial piston multi-stroke machines, such as optimized relief grooves known as ‘notches’, are oriented toward reduction of the noise level. Unfortunately, the remaining whine noise, even with well-optimized notches, is unacceptable for automotive NVH standards. This article presents a new, inventive, scientifically based, successfully tested method aimed toward the suppression of the whine noise of radial piston multi-stroke hydrostatic
A novel Blended Hydraulic Hybrid transmission architecture is presented in this paper with benefits over conventional designs. This novel configuration combines elements of a hydrostatic transmission, a parallel hybrid, and a selectively connectable high pressure accumulator using passive and actively controlled logic elements. Losses are reduced compared to existing series hybrid transmissions by enabling the units to operate efficiently at pressures below the current high pressure accumulator's pressure. A selective connection to the high pressure accumulator also allows for higher system precharge which increases regenerative braking torque and energy capture with little determent to system efficiency. Finally operating as a hydrostatic transmission increases transmission stiffness (i.e. driver response) and may improve driver feel in certain situations when compared to a conventional series hybrid transmission. To explore the novel blended hybrid architecture six transmissions were
This SAE Standard applies to self-propelled, rider operated, sweepers and scrubbers as defined in SAE J2130 with maximum machine level surface speeds up to 32 km/h. Machines capable of speeds equal to and greater than 32 km/h are not covered by this document
This document applies to special purpose equipment which is used in the ground handling, servicing, and maintenance of transport aircraft. Fixed airport facilities and equipment covered under other sections of Part 1910 of Code of Federal Regulations (OSHA) are excluded from the scope of this document
In this paper, the operating states of a wheel loader were studied for diagnostics purposes using a real time simulation model of an articulated-frame-steered wheel loader. Test drives were carried out to obtain measurement data, which were then analyzed. The measured time series data were analyzed to find the sequences of operating states using two different data sets, namely the variables of hydrostatic transmission and working hydraulics. A time series is defined as a collection of observations made sequentially in time. In our proposed method, the time series data were first segmented to find operating states. One or more segments build up an operating state. A state is defined as a combination of the patterns of the selected variables. The segments were then clustered and classified. The operating states were further analyzed using the quantization error method to detect anomalies. The recognized operating states define the operation of the machine so the analysis can be focused
This SAE Standard applies to self-propelled, rider operated, sweepers and scrubbers as defined in SAE J2130 with maximum machine level surface speeds up to 32 km/h. Machines capable of speeds equal to and greater than 32 km/h are not covered by this document
This test procedure is intended to apply to hydraulic pump suction filters and strainers used in automotive automatic transmissions that include hydraulic power pumps. The various paragraphs of Section 5, “Test Procedures,” include a variety of tests and alternative tests that are not applicable to all filters and applications, so the engineer must specify which tests are to be performed for a particular application. These test procedures are intended to evaluate filter functional performance characteristics only, durability is not evaluated under this standard. Filter design requirements must be specified by the engineer on the filter assembly drawing, an applicable engineering specification, or they may be summarized on an application data sheet similar to that found in this recommended practice. See Figure 6, “Filter Assembly Application and Data Sheet.” Pressure circuit filters, both barrier and system contamination control types, are not covered under this standard. They are
There is much potential for gain for everyone if OEMs and suppliers work together early in terms of hydraulic system design. Modern off-highway equipment is some of the most powerful, most productive, most impressive machinery ever built. The key to that success is fluid power. It seems, in fact, that the primary function of equipment is to deliver fluid power to the site so that buckets and blades can do their work. As such, it is imperative that OEMs work closely with fluid-power-component manufacturers, no matter how big the OEM, or how vast its knowledge of fluid power
A new control concept was developed to minimize the power losses of a hydrostatic drive line for off-road vehicles. The drive line control concept is based on two separate closed loop controls, one for the hydrostatic transmission and another for the combustion engine. The command values for both control loops are calculated under consideration of the characteristic curves of the combustion engine and the losses within the hydrostatic transmission, using an on-line optimization procedure. This paper discusses the benefits of this control concept based on a comparison of typical realistic driving manoeuvres. Objective of the investigations for different output powers is the potential of fuel savings under different operating conditions. A hardware-in-the-loop test rig for the investigated hydrostatic propel drive is used for the experimental validation
This SAE Standard describes a uniform method to calculate and specify travel performance characteristics of hydraulic excavators, material handlers, knuckle boom log loaders, delimbers, feller bunchers, harvesters, processors, and other knuckle boom material handlers. It establishes definitions and specifies machine conditions for calculations and tests. This document applies to crawler mounted machines such as hydraulic excavators as defined in SAE J/ISO 6165 and ISO 7135, and knuckle boom log loaders as defined in SAE J1209 and SAE J2055. This document also applies to certain forestry equipment defined in SAE J1209 and ISO 6814 that have crawler mountings such as delimbers, feller bunchers, harvesters, and processors. Included in the definition of hydraulic excavators are also front shovel, clamshell, and telescoping boom excavators
This SAE Standard applies to self-propelled, rider operated, sweepers and scrubbers as defined in SAE J2130 with maximum machine level surface speeds up to 32 km/h. Machines capable of speeds equal to and greater than 32 km/h are not covered by this document
In this paper a simple technical solution is presented. This solution allows a significant reduction of a wear of parts in an integrated hydrostatic transmission as well as a great efficiency improvement. This solution is suitable for all types of integrated hydrostatic transmissions and it is easy in application
Since 1974, KUBOTA “B-Series Compact Tractors” have gained a high reputation all over the world mainly for their compact body sizes and versatile performances in mowing, transporting and landscaping. Recently KUBOTA developed the new B-Series Tractors, which consists of five models with PTO power ranging from 9.3 to 16.4 kW (12.5 to 22 HP) as shown in Table 1. Recently, models equipped with hydrostatic transmissions (HST) account for the majority of the 9 to 16 kW (12 to 22 HP) range tractor sales, because of ease of operation and higher operating efficiency. Accordingly we have equipped all five models with HST, while making the manual transmission available on only one model. We have increased the PTO horsepower to more than 14.9 kW (20 HP), while maintaining the compact body size. At the same time, we have added new features to enhance performance of the tractors' three major uses, front loader, mid mount mower, and rear implement operations. This paper discusses the technologies
Items per page:
50
1 – 50 of 147