Browse Topic: Single cylinder engines

Items (641)

Combustion of Hydrated Ethanol and Gasoline RON95 Ultra-High Pressure Direct Injection in Optical Access SI Engine

2024-36-0152

12/20/2024

High and ultra-high pressure direct injection (UHPDI) can enhance efficiency gains with flex-fuel engines operating on ethanol, gasoline, or their mixtures. This application aims to increase the engine’s compression ratio (CR), which uses low CR for gasoline due to the knocking phenomenon. This type of technology, involving injection pressures above 1000 bar, permits late fuel injection during the compression phase, preventing auto-ignition and allowing for higher compression ratios. UHPDI generates a highly turbulent spray with significant momentum, improving air-fuel mix preparation, and combustion, resulting in even greater benefits while minimizing particulate matter emissions. This study aims to develop ultra-high-pressure injection systems using gasoline RON95 and hydrated ethanol in a single-cylinder engine with optical access. Experimental tests will be conducted in an optically accessible spark ignition research engine, employing thermodynamic, optical, and emission results

Malheiro de Oliveira, Enrico R., Mendoza, Alexander Penaranda, Martelli, Andre Luiz, Dias, Fábio J., Weissinger, Frederico F., dos Santos, Leila Ribeiro, Lacava, Pedro Teixeira

Experimental Investigation on Combustion Strategy of Light Duty GCI Fueled High Reactivity Gasoline Fuel

2024-01-4282

11/05/2024

Diesel engines are largely used as power units with high fuel efficiency. Conversely, they have an adverse impact on the environment and human health as they emit high NOx and particulate matter emissions. As more stringent regulations for emissions are introduced, low temperature combustion strategy such as Gasoline Compression Ignition evolved and demonstrated the potential to reduce the particulate matter and NOx emissions by operating engines under a Partially Premixed Combustion mode. Therefore, a 0.55 mm single cylinder engine (Gasoline Direct Injection), was tested over range of engine loads with constant speed (1500 rpm) using RON80 without oxygenates. Different operating parameters such as injection, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) etc. were used to control combustion phasing and mixture stratifications. At low loads, rebreathing of hot exhaust gas produced low levels of NOx and smoke emissions. It reduced NOx by 60% and smoke levels below 0.20 FSN when it is coupled with low

Qahtani, Yasser Al, Sellnau, Mark, Yu, Xin

Prediction of WLTC Mode Drive Fuel Consumption for Vehicles Running on Blended Gasoline

2024-01-4291

11/05/2024

It is becoming increasingly clear that research into alternative fuels, including drop-in fuels, is essential for the continued survival of the internal combustion engine. In this study, the authors have evaluated olefinic and oxygenated fuels as drop-in fuels using a single-cylinder engine and considering fuel characteristic parameters. The authors have assessed thermal efficiency by adding the EGR amount from 0 to the maximum value that allows stable combustion at the theoretical air-fuel ratio. Next, we attempted to predict fuel efficiency for three types of passenger cars (Japanese small K-car N/A, K-car T/C, and Series-HV) by changing the fuels. We created a model in OpenModelica to estimate fuel efficiency during WLTC driving. The results indicated that fuel economy could potentially be improved by adding an olefin fuel that burns stably even with a large amount of EGR and an oxygen fuel whose octane number increases. It was observed that the fuel economy improvement rate was

Moriyoshi, Yasuo, Kuboyama, Tatsuya, Kawakami, Sota, Wang, Zhiyuan

Powertrain NVH Optimization of Single Cylinder CI Engine

2024-28-0001

10/17/2024

With increasing pursuit for comfort in mobility NVH characteristics are becoming more important than ever. Achieving a benchmark beating NVH behavior involves optimizing source, transfer paths as well as target location mechanical characteristics. In ICE vehicles, powertrain accounts for major source of noise and vibration. This work encompasses NVH refinement strategies for a single cylinder compression ignition engine. The work starts with setting target values for NVH characteristics based on competitive benchmark data analysis. A complete development strategy involving extensive testing and CAE correlation is presented here. Contribution analysis in component level for optimization of NVH behavior is carried out employing NVH testing in anechoic chamber supported by CAE simulations. This paper describes the later phases of the entire development process which are decisive for engine NVH; the combustion and mechanical development phase and the NVH development and refinement phase

Kunde, Sagar, Thakur, Sunil, Wagh, Sachin, Bhangare, Amit, Prabhakar, Shantanu

Influence of Lube Oil and Fuel Additives on the Particulate Raw Emission Behavior of Gasoline Engines

04-18-01-0004

10/03/2024

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of different combinations of engine oil and oil additive as well as additivated and unadditivated fuel on particulate emissions in gasoline engines. To accomplish this, load, speed, and type of oil injection were varied on a single-cylinder engine, and the influence on particle number concentration and size distribution were evaluated. The tests were supplemented by an optical investigation of their in-cylinder soot formation. The investigation of fuel additives showed no significant differences compared to the reference fuel without additives. However, in the case of oil additives, detergents led to a significant increase in the number of particles in the <20 nm range. This effect occurred when used as both a single additive and a component in the standard engine oil. While viscosity improvers also lead to a measurable, but less pronounced, increase in the particle number concentration, no significant influence can be determined

Böhmeke, Christian, Heinz, Lukas, Wagner, Uwe, Koch, Thomas

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Dual Fuel Hydrogen/Diesel Combustion at Varying Engine Speed on a Single Cylinder Engine

2024-24-0044

09/18/2024

In this study, dual fuel combustion process has been investigated numerically and experimentally in a single cylinder research engine. Two engine speeds have been investigated (1500 and 2000 rpm) at fixed BMEP of 5 bar for both engine speeds. For each engine speed two operating points have tested with and without EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). The hydrogen has been injected in the intake manifold in front of the tumble intake port inlet and a small amount of diesel fuel has been introduced directly in the cylinder through two injections strategy: one pilot injection occurring Before Top Dead Center (BTDC) and one main occurring around the Top Dead Center (TDC). The dual-fuel combustion model in GT-SUITE has been used first to calibrate the combustion model by using the Three Pressure Analysis (TPA) model. This step allows the calibration of the combustion model to predict in-cylinder combustion processes. Simulations have been performed at varying mass distribution of injected diesel

Maroteaux, Fadila, SEBAI, Salim, Mancaruso, Ezio, Rossetti, Salvatore, Schembri, Patrick, Radja, Katia, Barichella, Arnault

Numerical Investigation of Injection and Mixture Formation in Hydrogen Combustion Engines by Means of Different 3D-CFD Simulation Approaches

2024-01-3007

07/02/2024

For the purpose of achieving carbon-neutrality in the mobility sector by 2050, hydrogen can play a crucial role as an alternative energy carrier, not only for direct usage in fuel cell-powered vehicles, but also for fueling internal combustion engines. This paper focuses on the numerical investigation of high-pressure hydrogen injection and the mixture formation inside a high-tumble engine with a conventional liquid fuel injector for passenger cars. Since the traditional 3D-CFD approach of simulating the inner flow of an injector requires a very high spatial and temporal resolution, the enormous computational effort, especially for full engine simulations, is a big challenge for an effective virtual development of modern engines. An alternative and more pragmatic lagrangian 3D-CFD approach offers opportunities for a significant reduction in computational effort without sacrificing reliability. The detailed and the lagrangian approach are both validated against optical measurements

Schmelcher, Robin, Kulzer, Andre, Gal, Thomas, Vacca, Antonino, Chiodi, Marco

Effect of Ethanol and Iso-Octane Blends on Isolated Low-Temperature Heat Release in a Spark Ignition Engine

04-17-03-0016

05/17/2024

Low-temperature heat release (LTHR) is of interest for its potential to help control autoignition in advanced compression ignition (ACI) engines and mitigate knock in spark ignition (SI) engines. Previous studies have identified and investigated LTHR in both ACI and SI engines before the main high-temperature heat release (HTHR) event and, more recently, LTHR in isolation has been demonstrated in SI engines by appropriately curating the in-cylinder thermal state during compression and disabling the spark discharge. Ethanol is an increasingly common component of market fuel blends, owing to its renewable sources. In this work, the effect of adding ethanol to iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) blends on their LTHR behavior is demonstrated. Tests were run on a motored single-cylinder engine elevated inlet air temperatures and pressures were adjusted to realize LTHR from blends of iso-octane and ethanol without entering the HTHR regime. The blends were tested with inlet temperatures of 40

White, Samuel Philip, Bajwa, Abdullah Umair, Leach, Felix

TOC

99-06-02-0TOC

04/15/2024

TOC

Tobolski, Sue

Next Generation High Efficiency Boosted Engine Concept

2024-01-2094

04/09/2024

This work represents an advanced engineering research project partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Ford Motor Company, FEV North America, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory collaborated to develop a next generation boosted spark ignited engine concept. The project goals, specified by the DOE, were 23% improved fuel economy and 15% reduced weight relative to a 2015 or newer light-duty vehicle. The fuel economy goal was achieved by designing an engine incorporating high geometric compression ratio, high dilution tolerance, low pumping work, and low friction. The increased tendency for knock with high compression ratio was addressed using early intake valve closing (EIVC), cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), an active pre-chamber ignition system, and careful management of the fresh charge temperature. Engine weight reduction measures were implemented throughout the engine system making use of composite materials, advanced manufacturing techniques, and architectural

Shelby, Michael H., Case, Mark E., Chesney, Lynn A.

Combustion and Emission Characteristics of an Ammonia-Hydrogen Engine under Passive- and Active-Jet Ignition

2024-01-2109

04/09/2024

In the context of carbon neutrality, ammonia is considered a zero-carbon fuel with potential applications in the transportation sector. However, its high ignition energy, low flame speed, and high natural temperature, indicative of low reactivity, make it challenging to be applied as a sole fuel in engines. In such a scenario, the use of another zero-carbon and highly reactive fuel, hydrogen, becomes necessary to enhance the combustion of ammonia. Furthermore, jet ignition, a method known for improving engine combustion performance, may also hold potential for enhancing the combustion performance of ammonia engines. To explore the applicability of jet ignition in engines, this study conducted experimental research on a single-cylinder engine. Two ignition methods were employed: passive jet ignition of premixed ammonia-hydrogen at a compression ratio of 11.5, and active jet ignition of pure ammonia using hydrogen jet flame at a compression ratio of 17.3. Experimental results indicated

Qi, Yunliang, Wang, Wei, Wang, Zhi

Elucidation of Deteriorating Oil Consumption Mechanism Due to Piston Top Ring Groove Wear

2024-01-2269

04/09/2024

The piston and piston ring are used in a severe contact environment in engine durability tests, which causes severe wear to the piston ring groove, leading to significant development costs for countermeasures. Conventionally, in order to ensure functional feasibility through wear on the piston top ring groove (hereinafter “ring groove”), only functional evaluations through actual engine durability testing were performed, and there was an issue in determining the limit value for the actual amount of wear itself. Because of this, the mechanism that may cause wear on the ring groove was clarified through past research, but this resulted in judgment criteria with some leeway from the perspective of functional assurance. To establish judgment criteria, it was necessary to understand both functional effect from ring groove wear and the mechanism behind it. For this research, the functional effect from wear on the upper surface of the ring groove and the mechanism that may cause this were

Yoshii, Kenta, Takahashi, Katsuyuki, Sato, Kenji, Hitosughi, Hideshi, Nakada, Fumihiro

Ducted Fuel Injection: Confirmed Re-entrainment Hypothesis

2024-01-2885

04/09/2024

Testing of ducted fuel injection (DFI) in a single-cylinder engine with production-like hardware previously showed that adding a duct structure increased soot emissions at the full load, rated speed operating point [1]. The authors hypothesized that the DFI flame, which travels faster than a conventional diesel combustion (CDC) flame, and has a shorter distance to travel, was being re-entrained into the on-going fuel injection around the lift-off length (LOL), thus reducing air entrainment into the on-going injection. The engine operating condition and the engine combustion chamber geometry were duplicated in a constant pressure vessel. The experimental setup used a 3D piston section combined with a glass fire deck allowing for a comparison between a CDC flame and a DFI flame via high-speed imaging. CH* imaging of the 3D piston profile view clearly confirmed the re-entrainment hypothesis presented in the previous engine work. This finding suggests that a DFI retrofit for this

Svensson, Kenth, Fitzgerald, Russell, Martin, Glen

Development of a Turbulent Jet-Controlled Compression Ignition Engine Concept Using Spray-Guided Stratification for Fueling a Passive Prechamber

03-17-04-0031

01/24/2024

Improving thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engine is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce life cycle-based CO2 emissions for transportation. Lean burn technology has the potential to reach high thermal efficiency if simultaneous low NOx, HC, and CO emissions can be achieved. Low NOx can be realized by ultra-lean (λ ≥ 2) spark-ignited combustion; however, the HC and CO emissions can increase due to slow flame propagation and high combustion variability. In this work, we introduce a new combustion concept called turbulent jet-controlled compression ignition, which utilizes multiple turbulent jets to ignite the mixture and subsequently triggers end gas autoignition. As a result, the ultra-lean combustion is further improved with reduced late-cycle combustion duration and enhanced HC and CO oxidation. A low-cost passive prechamber is innovatively fueled using a DI injector in the main combustion chamber through spray-guided stratification. This concept has been

Yu, Xin, Zhang, Anqi, Baur, Andrew, Engineer, Nayan, Cleary, David

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Single-Cylinder Methanol Port-Fuel Injected Spark Ignition Engine for Heavy-Duty Applications

2024-26-0072

01/16/2024

With the increasing focus on reducing CO2 emissions to combat global warming and climate change, the automotive industry is exploring near zero-emission alternative fuels to replace traditional fossil-based fuels like diesel, gasoline, and CNG. Methanol is a promising alternative fuel that is being evaluated in India due to its easy transportation and storage, as well as its production scalability and availability potential. This study focuses on the retro-fitment solution of M100 (pure methanol) SI port-fuel injection (PFI) mode of combustion. A heavy duty single-cylinder engine test setup was used to assess methanol SI combustion characteristic. Lean operation strategy has been investigated. At lean mixture conditions a significant drop in NOX and CO emissions was achieved. The fuel injection techniques and the impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the conventional stoichiometric combustion process is highlighted. Increase of the EGR ratio at stoichiometric operation led to 3

Singh, Inderpal, Güdden, Arne, Raut, Ankit, Dhongde, Avnish, Emran, Ashraf, Sharma, Vijay, Wagh, Sachin

Intake and Exhaust System Optimization of a Single Cylinder Engine Using 1D Simulation Approach

2024-26-0212

01/16/2024

Reducing vehicular noise has become a crucial step in product development to meet stringent legislation and improve passenger experience. Smaller vehicles like three-wheelers and compact cars are often powered by a single cylinder engine due to product cost, packaging and weight constraints. Unlike a multi-cylinder engine where cylinders fire one after another which helps to reduce noise levels by destructive interference of pressure waves, a single cylinder engine produces higher noise levels due to firing of a single cylinder. Intake and exhaust flow noise is one of the dominant sources of vehicular noise. This study focuses on using CAE tools to reduce intake and exhaust flow noise levels to meet target noise requirements. One dimensional (1-D) gas dynamics simulation provides a good trade-off between accuracy and run-time, allowing for evaluation of multiple design iterations with acceptable accuracy in a relatively short time frame. A system level optimization was performed on the

Paranjape, Sumeet, Thakur, Sunil, Emran, Ashraf, Wagh, Sachin, Sharma, Vijay

DESIGN OF A SINGLE-CYLINDER ENGINE CAM SHAPE USING COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS AND SIMULATION

2023-36-0072

01/08/2024

Computational tools have become indispensable in the development of cam profiles, aiding designers in achieving optimal performance. This paper explores the application of computational tools in the design of cam profiles for a single-cylinder research engine (SCRE) prototype under development with a direct-acting mechanism. The primary objective is to present a comprehensive design process, encompassing kinematic analysis and Quasi-Dynamic Analysis (QDA), to enable designers to generate preliminary cam profiles based on design requirements. The VT-Design® software, a part of the GT-SUITE package, is employed for simulations in this study. Key design considerations, such as lift, velocity, and acceleration curves, are discussed, emphasizing the importance of maintaining continuity in the acceleration curve. The design process involves optimizing the acceleration curve to minimize negative acceleration and improve dynamic response. The paper also highlights the significance of contact

Strapasson, Matheus, dos Santos, Igor Rodrigues, Metzka Lanzanova, Thompson D., Martins, Mario Eduardo Santos

Influence of Passive Pre-Chamber Nozzle Diameter on Jet Ignition in a Constant-Volume Optical Engine under Varying Load and Dilution Conditions

03-17-04-0028

12/20/2023

Despite the growing prominence of electrified vehicles, internal combustion engines remain essential in future transportation. This study delves into passive pre-chamber jet ignition, a leading-edge combustion technology, offering a comprehensive visualization of its operation under varying load and dilution conditions in light-duty GDI engines. Our primary objectives are to gain fundamental insights into passive pre-chamber jet ignition and subsequent main combustion processes and evaluate their response to different load and dilution conditions. We conducted experimental investigations using a light-duty, optical, single-cylinder engine equipped with three passive pre-chamber designs featuring varying nozzle diameters. Optical diagnostic imaging and heat release analysis provided critical insights. Findings reveal that as load decreases, fuel availability and flow conditions deteriorate, leading to delayed and suboptimal jet characteristics impacting main chamber ignition and

Lee, Dong Eun, Yu, Tianxiao, Alam, Afaque, Iyer, Claudia, Wooldridge, Steven, Qiao, Li, Yi, Jianwen J.

Comparing Real Driving Emissions from Euro 6d-TEMP Vehicles Running on E0 and E10 Gasoline Blends

2023-01-1662

10/31/2023

Several governments are increasing the blending mandate of renewable fuels to reduce the life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of the road transport sector. Currently, ethanol is a prominent renewable fuel and is used in low-level blends, such as E10 (10 %v/v ethanol, 90 %v/v gasoline) in many parts of the world. However, the exact concentration of ethanol amongst other renewable fuel components in commercially available fuels can vary and is not known. To understand the impact of the renewable fuel content on the emissions from Euro 6d-TEMP emissions specification vehicles, this paper examines the real-driving emissions (RDE) from four 2020 to 2022 model-year vehicles run on E0 and E10 fuels. CO, CO2, NO, and NO2 were measured through a Portable Emissions Measuring System (PEMS). In addition, N2O, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other gaseous and particulate tailpipe emissions were measured and categorized in cold-start, urban, rural, and motorway

Shankar, Varun, Usen, Ime, Molden, Nick, Willman, Christopher, Leach, Felix

High-Load Engine Simulation of Renewable Diesel Fuel Using A Reduced Mechanism

2023-01-1620

10/31/2023

According to the Annual Energy Outlook 2022 (AEO2022) report, almost 30% of the transport sector will still use internal combustion engines (ICE) until 2050. The transportation sector has been actively seeking different methods to reduce the CO2 emissions footprint of fossil fuels. The use of lower carbon-intensity fuels such as Renewable Diesel (RD) can enable a pathway to decarbonize the transport industry. This suggests the need for experimental or advanced numerical studies of RD to gain an understanding of its combustion and emissions performance. This work presents a numerical modeling approach to study the combustion and emissions of RD. The numerical model utilized the development of a reduced chemical kinetic mechanism for RD’s fuel chemistry. The final reduced mechanism for RD consists of 139 species and 721 reactions, which significantly shortened the computational time from using the detailed mechanism. Both zero-dimensional (0D) and three-dimensional (3D) computational

Cung, Khanh, Jha, Prabhat Ranjan, Briggs, Thomas, Smith, Edward, Michlberger, Alexander, Abidin, Zainal, Bitsis, Chris

Experimental Study of Combustion Characteristics and Emissions of Pre-Chamber Induced HCCI Combustion

2023-01-1623

10/31/2023

It is a well-known fact that HCCI combustion offers the possibility of achieving high efficiency with low emissions, but with the challenges in combustion control and ability to adjust to changing environmental conditions. To resolve the aforementioned challenges, a pre-chamber induced homogeneous charge compression ignition (PC-HCCI) combustion mode was experimentally tested with aim of providing initial operating boundaries in terms of combustion stability and obtaining initial performance results. The single cylinder engine equipped with active pre-chamber and compression ratio (CR) of 17.5 was fueled by gasoline. The initial experiments were performed at the engine speed of 1600 rpm with intake air temperatures varied from 33°C to 100°C to verify the possibility of achieving the PC-HCCI combustion mode and to compare the achieved engine performance and emission results with both PCSI and pure HCCI combustion modes used as reference cases. The results showed that PC-HCCI combustion

Ugrinić, Sara, Krajnovic, Josip, Sjeric, Momir, Kozarac, Darko

Simulation Study on the Effect of In-Cylinder Water Injection Mass on Engine Combustion and Emissions Characteristics

2023-01-7004

10/30/2023

The rapid development of the automobile industry has brought energy and environmental issues that scholars are increasingly concerning about. Improving efficiency and reducing emissions are currently two hot topics in the internal combustion engine industry. Direct water injection technology (DWI) can effectively reduce the cylinder temperature, which is due to the absorption of the heat by the injecting liquid water. In addition, lower temperature in the cylinder will reduce the formation of NO. In this paper, a CFD simulation of DWI application in a lean-burning single-cylinder engine with pre-chamber jet ignition was carried out. And the engine was experimentally tested for the simulation model validation. And then the effect of DWI strategy with different injecting water mass on the combustion and emissions characteristics are analyzed. Physically, injected water not only absorbs heat but also provides heat insulation. The results are shown under the rotating speed of 2800 r/min

Guan, Jun, Shang, Quanbo, Hu, Yinuo, Lu, Ye, Li, Liguang, Deng, Jun

Measurement of Liquid Fuel Film Attached to the Wall in a Port Fueled SI Gasoline Engine

2023-01-1818

10/24/2023

Liquid fuel attached to the wall surface of the intake port, the piston and the combustion chamber is one of the main causes of the unburned hydrocarbon emissions from a port fueled SI engine, especially during transient operations. To investigate the liquid fuel film formation process and fuel film behavior during transient operation is essential to reduce exhaust emissions in real driving operations, including cold start operations. Optical techniques have been often applied to measure the fuel film in conventional reports, however, it is difficult to apply those previous techniques to actual engines during transient operations. In this study, using MEMS technique, a novel capacitance sensor has been developed to detect liquid fuel film formation and evaporation processes in actual engines. A resistance temperature detector (RTD) was also constructed on the MEMS sensor with the capacitance sensor to measure the sensor surface temperature. The response and the sensitivity of the

Kuboyama, Tatsuya, Yoshihashi, Tsukasa, Moriyoshi, Yasuo, Nakabeppu, Osamu, Takayama, Satoshi

Modeling of Diluted Combustion Characteristics of Gasoline Alternative Fuels Using Single Cylinder Engine

2023-01-1839

10/24/2023

For the survival of internal combustion engines, the required research right now is for alternative fuels, including drop-ins. Certain types of alternative fuels have been estimated to confirm the superiority in thermal efficiency. In this study, using a single-cylinder engine, olefin and oxygenated fuels were evaluated as a drop-in fuel considering the fuel characteristic parameters. Furthermore, the effect of various additive fuels on combustion speed was expressed using universal characteristics parameters

Moriyoshi, Yasuo, Kuboyama, Tatsuya, Wang, Zhiyuan

Effects of Hydrocarbon with Different Ignition Properties and Hydrogen Blended Fuels on Autoignition and Combustion in an IC Engine

2023-01-1802

10/24/2023

Hydrogen has attracted attention as one of the key fuels for making internal combustion engines carbon neutral. However, the combustion characteristics of hydrogen differ greatly from those of conventionally used hydrocarbons. Therefore, in order to develop next-generation internal combustion engines that operate on hydrogen, it is first necessary to have a thorough understanding of the combustion characteristics of hydrogen. Engines that can take maximum advantage of those characteristics should be developed on the basis of that knowledge. Toward that end, the purpose of this study was to investigate the fundamental combustion characteristics of hydrogen in a test engine. This paper presents the results of an investigation of the effects on low-temperature oxidation reactions and autoignition when hydrogen was blended into dimethyl ether (DME) [1, 2], a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel. Combustion experiments were conducted using a single-cylinder engine, and chemical kinetic simulations were

Kuwabara, Kenta, MANABE, YUSUKE, Mito, Shinji, YAMAGIWA, REO, Yamaguchi, Takahiro, Yoshihara, Shintaro, MIYAMOTO, Sekai, Iijima, Akira

Turbo Compounding of a Naturally Aspirated Single Cylinder Diesel Engine – A Simulation and Experimental Study

2023-01-1845

10/24/2023

Almost one-third of the fuel energy is wasted into the atmosphere via exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine. Despite several advancements in waste heat recovery technology, single-cylinder engines in the market that are currently in production remain naturally aspirated without any waste heat recovery techniques. Turbocharging is one of the best waste heat recovery techniques. However, a standard turbocharger cannot be employed in the single-cylinder engine due to technical challenges such as pulsated flow conditions at the exhaust, phase lag in the intake and exhaust valve opening. Of late, the emphasis on reducing exhaust emissions has been a primary focus for any internal combustion engine manufacturer, with the onset of stricter emission norms. Thus, the engine designer must prioritize emission reduction without compromising engine performance. Current work focuses on enhancing the power output of a 0.6-litre, single-cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engine by employing

Ramkumar, J, Krishnasamy, Anand, Ramesh, A

Comparison on Combustion and Emissions Performance of Biodiesel and Diesel in a Heavy-duty Diesel Engine: NO _X , Particulate Matter, and Particle Size Distribution

2023-32-0100

09/29/2023

Low carbon emissions policies for the transportation sector have recently driven more interest in using low net-carbon fuels, including biodiesel. An internal combustion engine (ICE) can operate effectively using biodiesel while achieving lower engine-out emissions, such as soot, mostly thanks to oxygenate content in biodiesel. This study selected a heavy-duty (HD) single-cylinder engine (SCE) platform to test biodiesel fuel blends with 20% and 100% biodiesel content by volume, referred to as B20, and B100. Test conditions include a parametric study of exhaust gas recirculating (EGR), and the start of injection (SOI) performed at low and high engine load operating points. In-cylinder pressure and engine-out emissions (NOX and soot) measurements were collected to compare diesel and biodiesel fuels. Exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions were collected to assess solid particle mass and particle size distribution (PSD) using a micro-soot sensor (MSS) and a Cambustion different mobility

Cung, Khanh, Buffaloe, Gina, Michlberger, Alex, Briggs, Thomas, Bitsis, Chris, Smith, Edward, Khalek, Imad

Numerical Study of Dual Fuel Methanol/Diesel Combustion under Engine-like Condition

2023-32-0121

09/29/2023

Alternative fuels such as methanol can significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when used in internal combustion engines (ICEs). This study characterized the combustion of methanol, methanol/diesel, and methanol/renewable diesel numerically. Numerical findings were also compared with engine experiments using a single-cylinder engine (SCE). The engine was operated under a dual-fuel combustion mode: methanol was fumigated at the intake port, and diesel was injected inside the cylinder. The characteristic of ignition delay trend as methanol concentration increased is being described at low temperature (low engine load) and high temperature (high engine load) conditions

Cung, Khanh, Jha, Prabhat, Briggs, Thomas, Bitsis, Chris, Smith, Edward, Abidin, Zainal

Comprehensive quasi-dimensional model to predict combustion process, knock likelihood and cycle-by-cycle variability in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine

2023-32-0171

09/29/2023

Hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines (ICEs) exploiting exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and lean-boosted combustion can be a viable solution to abate all criteria pollutants while simultaneously almost zeroing tailpipe CO2. However, the optimization of hydrogen-fueled ICE to fully exploit the fuel’s potential is a challenging task considering its characteristics, that on one side make hydrogen a desirable fuel for the future generation of ICEs, and on the other side are responsible for the risk of abnormal combustion. Therefore, the development of a simulation tool capable to predict the H2 combustion process and its anomalies is of paramount importance to accelerate the engine development process. In this context, the present work assesses the potential of a comprehensive quasi-dimensional model for the prediction of the combustion process, knock likelihood and cycle-by-cycle variability (CCV) specifically developed for a hydrogen-fueled ICE. The SITurb combustion model

A., Piano, F., Millo, G., Quattrone, F., Pesce, A., Vassallo

Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Engine Performance Using Cyclopentanone and Anisole as Neat Fuels and as Blends with Gasoline

2023-32-0050

09/29/2023

The dilution of the cylinder charge using excess air enables both an increase in the net indicated efficiency and a decrease in the engine-out emissions of nitrogen oxides. The maximum excess air dilution capability in a spark-ignition engine depends on both the ignition of the charge and the flame propagation. These two aspects can be influenced by the fuel properties, which draw attention to the laminar burning velocity of alternative fuels to extend the lean limit. Cyclopentanone and anisole show promising values regarding the laminar burning velocity. However, there is a lack of engine investigations using these two fuels. To this end, both fuels were assessed in an engine application using experimental and numerical investigations. Cyclopentanone and anisole were investigated as neat components and as mixtures with conventional gasoline fuel, resulting in seven investigated fuels. The engine performances of all seven fuels were assessed in variations of the excess air ratio at net

Burkardt, Patrick, Günther, Marco, Pischinger, Stefan

Effect of Olefin Content in Gasoline on Knock Characteristics and HCHO Emission in Lean Burn Spark Ignition Engine

2023-32-0083

09/29/2023

In transportation sector, higher engine thermal efficiency is currently required to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems. In spark ignition (SI) engine, lean-burn strategy is the promising approach to improve thermal efficiency and lower emissions. Olefins are the attractive component for gasoline additives, because they are more reactive and have advantage in lean limit extension. However, owing to lower research octane number (RON), it is expected to exhibit the drawback to reducing the anti-knock performance. The experiments were performed using a single-cylinder engine for 6 fuel types including gasoline blends which have difference in RON varying between 90.4 and 100.2. The results showed that adding olefin content to the premium gasoline provided unfavorable effect on auto-ignition as the auto-ignition happened at unburned gas temperature of 808 K which was 52 K lower at excess air of 2.0. Thus, it reduced anti-knock performance. Additional oxygenated fuels such as

Shinabuth, Dittapoom, Ohmori, Yuya, Kitajima, Katsuki, Ono, Tomoya, Sakaida,, Satoshi, Sakai, Yasuyuki, Konno, Mitsuru, Tanaka, Kotaro

Effect of Olefin Component Mixed to Gasoline on Thermal Efficiency in EGR Diluted Conditions Using Single-Cylinder Engine

2023-32-0084

09/29/2023

In internal combustion engine development, the ongoing research can be mainly classified into two categories based on the purpose: limiting exhaust emissions and searching for alternative fuels. One of the effective approaches reduce emissions is the improvement of thermal efficiency. Certain types of alternative fuels derived from renewable resources were estimated to confirm the thermal efficiency. This study uses a single-cylinder engine added with olefin and oxygenated additive fuel, such as 1-hexene, ethanol, and ETBE, to evaluate the parameters that affect thermal efficiency. Furthermore, the effects of various additive fuels are summarized and essential information is provided for determining next- generation fuel composition

Wang, Zhiyuan, Moriyoshi, Yasuo, Kuboyama, Tatsuya

Thermodynamics of Lean Hydrogen Combustion by Virtual Investigations on a Single-Cylinder Engine with Port Fuel Injection and Pre-Chamber Ignition

2023-24-0063

08/28/2023

In order to achieve the climate targets, a mix of different powertrain technologies must be pursued to effectively reduce emissions. By producing hydrogen based on renewable energy sources, it becomes a reasonable choice for fueling internal combustion engines. The specific molecular properties of hydrogen thereby open up new possibilities for favorably influencing the combustion process of engines. The present paper deals with the analysis of a single-cylinder engine with passive pre-chamber ignition and a port fuel injection system, which was adapted for lean hydrogen operation. In this way, the test unit was operated in various load and speed ranges with lambda values from 1.5 to 2.5 and achieved up to 23 bar indicated mean effective pressure. The focus of this work is on the numerical investigation of the hydrogen combustion and its effects on the engine system. Special attention is hereby paid to the influence of different lambda operations. Simulations were carried out to

Gal, Thomas, Vacca, Antonino, Chiodi, Marco, Schmelcher, Robin, Kulzer, Andre, Bucherer, Sebastian, Rothe, Paul, Sobek, Florian, Gottwald, Theo, Kraljevic, Ivica

Effect of Start of Injection in a Hydrogen-Fueled DISI Engine: Experimental and Numerical Investigation

2023-24-0015

08/28/2023

Nowadays, hydrogen is one the most interesting candidates for fuel for internal combustion engines as an alternative to fossil fuels, in order to reduce GHG emissions. In this paper, the authors have, firstly carried out an experimental investigation on a single-cylinder engine fueled with hydrogen and equipped with a high-pressure direct injector. The experimental campaign shows that the Start of Injection (SOI) has a remarkable effect on the mixture combustion characteristics. Secondly, the software CONVERGE was used to set up a comprehensive 3D CFD model to investigate these engine operating conditions, starting from an injector validation in a constant volume vessel and then simulating the engine cycle including injection, combustion and knock modeling. The combustion model makes use of detailed chemistry to predict the laminar flame speed and auto-ignition delay of the mixture. The simulations show a remarkable difference in terms of mixture homogeneity between the three cases

Mortellaro, Fabio Santi, Silvestri, Nicola, Zaffino, Francesco, Medda, Massimo, D'Elia, Matteo, Viswanathan, Veeraraghavan, Rothbauer, Rainer

Experimental and 3D-CFD Analysis of Synthetic Fuel Properties on Combustion and Exhaust Gas Emission Characteristics in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

2023-24-0052

08/28/2023

Synthetic fuels can significantly improve the combustion and emission characteristics of heavy-duty diesel engines toward decarbonizing heavy-duty propulsion systems. This work analyzes the effects of engine operating conditions and synthetic fuel properties on spray, combustion, and emissions (soot, NOx) using a supercharging single-cylinder engine experiment and KIVA-4 code combined with CHEMKIN-II and in-house phenomenological soot model. The blended fuel ratio is fixed at 80% diesel and 20% n-paraffin by volume (hereafter DP). Diesel, DP1 (diesel with n-pentane C5H12), DP2 (diesel with n-hexane C6H14), and DP3 (diesel with n-heptane C7H16) are used in engine-like-condition constant volume chamber (CVC) and engine experiments. Boosted engine experiments (1080 rpm, common-rail injection pressure 160 MPa, multi-pulse injection) are performed using the same DP fuel groups under various main injection timings, pulse-injection intervals, and EGR = 0-40%. Once the 3D-CFD model is

Shimizu, Kunihiro, Narushima, Tomoki, Sok, Ratnak, Kusaka, Jin

1-D Numerical Model of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Methanol for Off-Grid Charging Stations

2023-24-0098

08/28/2023

The road transportation sector is undergoing significant changes, and new green scenarios for sustainable mobility are being proposed. In this context, a diversification of the vehicles’ propulsion, based on electric powertrains and/or alternative fuels and technological improvements of the electric vehicles charging stations, are necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The adoption of internal combustion engines operating with alternative fuels, like methanol, may represent a viable solution for overcoming the limitations of actual grid connected charging infrastructure, giving the possibility to realize off-grid charging stations. This work aims, therefore, at investigating this last aspect, by evaluating the performance of an internal combustion engine fueled with methanol for stationary applications, in order to fulfill the potential demand of an on off-grid charging station. In addition, the possibility to recover the thermal power from the exhaust gas for cogeneration

Perrone, Diego, Castiglione, Teresa, Falbo, Luigi, Bova, Sergio, D'Epiro, Clino

Assessment of Dilution Options on a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

2023-24-0066

08/28/2023

The hydrogen internal combustion engine is a promising alternative to fossil fuel-based engines, which, in a short time, can reduce the carbon footprint of the ground transport sector. However, the high heat release rates associated with hydrogen combustion results in higher NOx emissions. The NOx production can be mitigated by diluting the in-cylinder mixture with air, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) or water injected in the intake manifold. This study aims at assessing these dilution options on the emissions, efficiency, combustion performance and boosting effort. These dilution modes are, at first, compared on a single cylinder engine (SCE) with direct injection of hydrogen in steady state conditions. Air and EGR dilutions are then evaluated on a corresponding 4-cylinder engine by 0D simulation on a complete map under NOx emission constraint. On the SCE at 3000rpm and 10.7bar IMEP, air and EGR dilutions allow a high dilution rate, leading to a significant NOx reduction: from 2.8g

Rouleau, Loic, Nowak, Ludovic, Duffour, Florence, Walter, Bruno

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Spark Plug and Passive Pre-Chamber Ignition on a Single-Cylinder Engine with Hydrogen Port Fuel Injection for Lean Operations

2023-01-1205

06/26/2023

The race towards zero carbon emissions is ongoing with the need to reduce the consumption of fossil energy resources. This demands immediate and reliable developments regarding technical environmentally friendly solutions for the power and transportation sectors. An alternative way to achieve a carbon-free powertrain is the use of green hydrogen for internal combustion engines. In this work the self-designed Fraunhofer single-cylinder engine with a displacement volume of 430 mm3 developed for extreme lean combustion and passive pre-chamber ignition was adapted for hydrogen engine operation. With hydrogen combustion, the customized cooling system resulting in low metal temperatures is simulated and optimized to avoid hot spots in the combustion chamber. The investigated single-cylinder engine is characterized by a compression ratio of 12.2, port fuel injection and a conventional spark plug. Based on the results, the engine is operated with a passive pre-chamber to investigate its

Bucherer, Sebastian, Rothe, Paul, Sobek, Florian, Gottwald, Theo, Kraljevic, Ivica, Vacca, Antonino, Gal, Thomas, Chiodi, Marco, Kulzer, Andre

Effects of Pre-spark Heat Release of Ethanol-Blended Gasoline Surrogate Fuels on Engine Combustion Behavior

04-17-01-0003

05/02/2023

Regulations limiting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector have become more restrictive in recent years, drawing interest to synthetic fuels such as e-fuels and biofuels that could “decarbonize” existing vehicles. This study focuses on the potential to increase the thermal efficiency of spark-ignition (SI) engines using ethanol as a renewable fuel, which requires a deep understanding of the effects of ethanol on combustion behavior with high compression ratios (CRs). An important phenomenon in this condition is pre-spark heat release (PSHR), which occurs in engines with high CRs in boosted conditions and changes the fuel reactivity, leading to changes in the burning velocity. Fuel blends containing ethanol display high octane sensitivity (OS) and limited low-temperature heat release (LTHR). Consequently, their burning velocities with PSHR may differ from that of gasoline. This study therefore aimed to clarify the effects of ethanol on SI combustion behavior under PSHR

Yoshimura, Kei, Isobe, Kohei, Kawashima, Mitsutaka, Yamaguchi, Kyohei, Sok, Ratnak, Tokuhara, Satoshi, Kusaka, Jin

Exploring the EGR Dilution Limits of a Pre-Chamber Ignited Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Engine Operated at Stoichiometric Conditions - An Optical Study

2023-01-0256

04/11/2023

Pre-chamber spark ignition (PCSI) systems have been proven to improve combustion stability in highly-diluted and ultra-lean natural gas (NG) engine operation by providing spatially distributed ignition initiated by multiple turbulent flame-jets that lead to faster combustion compared to conventional spark ignition. This work investigates the physico-chemical processes that drive the ignition and subsequent combustion in the presence of combustion residuals (internal EGR) within the pre-chamber at varying EGR levels. The over-arching goal is to improve the dilution tolerance of PCSI systems for stoichiometric-operation of on-road heavy-duty natural gas engine. To this end, experiments were performed in a heavy-duty, optical, single-cylinder engine to explore the EGR dilution limits of a pre-chamber, spark-ignited, NG engine operated under stoichiometric conditions. A special skip-fire sequence is utilized to distinguish the effects of in-cylinder combustion residuals from external EGR

Rajasegar, Rajavasanth, Srna, Ales, Novella, Ricardo, Barbery, Ibrahim

Isolated Low Temperature Heat Release in Spark Ignition Engines

2023-01-0235

04/11/2023

Low temperature heat release (LTHR) has been of interest to researchers for its potential to mitigate knock in spark ignition (SI) engines and control auto-ignition in advanced compression ignition (ACI) engines. Previous studies have identified and investigated LTHR in both ACI and SI engines before the main high temperature heat release (HTHR) event by appropriately curating the in-cylinder thermal state during compression, or in the case of SI engines, timing the spark discharge late to reveal LTHR (sometimes referred to as pre-spark heat release). In this work, LTHR is demonstrated in isolation from HTHR events. Tests were run on motored single-cylinder engines and inlet air temperatures and pressures were adjusted to realise LTHR from n-heptane and iso-octane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) without entering the HTHR regime. LTHR was observed for a lean n-heptane-air mixture at inlet temperatures ranging from 60°C to 100°C and inlet pressures of 0.9 bar (absolute). For temperatures below

White, Samuel, Bajwa, Abdullah, Leach, Felix

Study of Surface Insulation Structures to Reduce Cooling Loss in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

2023-01-0948

04/11/2023

Cooling loss reduction is essential to enable further increases in thermal efficiency of reciprocating internal combustion engines. Many in-cylinder cooling loss reduction studies have been carried out by applying various thermal barrier coatings to the piston and/or other in-cylinder surfaces, taking advantage of the lower thermal effusivity of ceramic materials. However, the end result was mostly minimal or in some cases, negative. In our previous study, significant cooling loss reduction was experimentally confirmed by utilizing a mirror-like polished stainless-steel thermal sprayed surface (HVOF: high velocity oxy-fuel) on a forged steel piston. This study firstly investigated an alternative insulating layer material to stainless-steel, along with effects of its thickness on heat transfer by a one-dimensional unsteady numerical model. Results showed that lower thermal effusivity doesn’t always reduce heat transfer, but increases nonuniformity of surface temperature. Next, a

Kawaharazuka, Fumihiro, Uchida, Noboru

A Numerical Investigation of Gas Exchange Modeling and Performance Prediction of a Camless Two-Stroke Hydrogen Engine

2023-01-0232

04/11/2023

Heavy-duty vehicles are primarily powered by diesel fuel, emitting CO2 emissions regardless of the exhaust after-treatment system. Contrastingly, a hydrogen engine has the potential to decarbonize the transportation sector as hydrogen is a carbon free, renewable fuel. In this study, a multi-physics 1D simulation tool (GT-Power) is used to model the gas exchange process and performance prediction of a two-stroke hydrogen engine. The aim is to establish a maximum torque-level for a four-stroke hydrogen engine and then utilize different methods for two-stroke modeling to achieve similar torque by optimizing the gas exchange process. A camless engine is used as base, enabling the flexibility to utilize approximately square valve lift profiles. The preliminary step is the GT-Power model validation, which has been done using diesel and hydrogen engines (single-cylinder heavy-duty) experiments at different operating points (871 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1259 rpm, and 1508 rpm). Thereafter, the validated

Tripathy, Srinibas, Koopmans, Lucien, Hemdal, Stina, Kuylenstierna, Claes

Highly Efficient and Clean Combustion Engine for Synthetic Fuels

2023-01-0223

04/11/2023

This paper provides an overview of possible engine design optimizations by utilizing highly knock-resistant potential greenhouse gas (GHG) neutral synthetic fuels. Historically the internal combustion engine was tailored to and highly optimized for fossil fuels. For future engine generations one of the main objectives is to achieve GHG neutrality. This means that either carbon-free fuels such as hydrogen or potential greenhouse gas neutral fuels are utilized. The properties of hydrogen make its use challenging for mobile application as it is very diffusive, not liquid under standard temperature/pressure and has a low volumetric energy density. C1-based oxygenated fuels such as methanol (MeOH), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and methyl formate (MeFo) have properties like conventional gasoline but offer various advantages. Firstly, these fuels can be produced with renewable energy and carbon capture technologies to be GHG neutral. Secondly, the C1-based fuels burn with significantly less

Kraus, Christoph, Thamm, Fabian, Retzlaff, Mario, Gadomski, Bartosch, Fitz, Patrick, Härtl, Martin, Hoppe, Steffen, Jaensch, Malte

Development of a Multiple Injection Strategy for Heated Gasoline Compression Ignition (HGCI

2023-01-0277

04/11/2023

A multiple-injection combustion strategy has been developed for heated gasoline direct injection compression ignition (HGCI). Gasoline was injected into a 0.4L single cylinder engine at a fuel pressure of 300bar. Fuel temperature was increased from 25degC to a temperature of 280degC by means of electric injector heater. This approach has the potential of improving fuel efficiency, reducing harmful CO and UHC as well as particulate emissions, and reducing pressure rise rates. Moreover, the approach has the potential of reducing fuel system cost compared to high pressure (>500bar) gasoline direct injection fuel systems available in the market for GDI SI engines that are used to reduce particulate matter. In this study, a multiple injection strategy was developed using electric heating of the fuel prior to direct fuel injection at engine speed of 1500rpm and load of 12.3bar IMEP. The effect of fuel temperature, fuel pressure and start of injection timing are reported for single injection

Zoldak, Philip, Zyada, Antowan

Engine and Emissions Performance of Renewable Diesel in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine: A Single-cylinder Engine Experiment

2023-01-0273

04/11/2023

As an alternative fuel, renewable diesel (RD) could improve the performance of conventional internal combustion engines (ICE) because of its difference in fuel properties. With almost no aromatic content in the fuel, RD produces less soot emissions than diesel. The higher cetane number (CN) of RD also promotes ignition of the fuel, which is critical, especially under low load, and low reactivity conditions. This study tested RD fuel in a heavy-duty single-cylinder engine (SCE) under compression-ignition (CI) operation. Test condition includes low and high load points with change in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and start of injection (SOI). Measurements and analysis are provided to study combustion and emissions, including particulate matters (PM) mass and particle number (PN). It was found that while the combustion of RD and diesel are very similar, PM and PN emissions of RD were reduced substantially compared to diesel. Indicated thermal efficiency or fuel consumption were also

Cung, Khanh, Buffaloe, Gina, Briggs, Thomas, Bitsis, Chris, Smith, Edward, Khalek, Imad, Michlberger, Alexander

Improvements of Thermal and Combustion Efficiencies by Modifying a Piston Geometry in a Diesel/Natural Gas RCCI Engine

2023-01-0280

04/11/2023

To meet the target of the CO2 regulations, it is mandatory to replace high-carbon fossil fuels with low-carbon fuels. Diesel/Natural Gas (NG) reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) can reduce CO2 emission, which stratifies two types of fuels with different reactivity. And also, RCCI produces less NOx and particulate matter emissions by reducing the in-cylinder temperature. However, RCCI must still be enhanced in terms of the thermal and combustion efficiencies at low and medium loads. In this work, a modified piston geometry was applied to improve the RCCI combustion. The piston geometry was designed to minimize heat loss and reduce flame quenching in an RCCI engine. Experiments were conducted using a single-cylinder engine with a displacement volume of 1,000 cc. Diesel was directly injected into the cylinder, and NG was fed through the intake port. Two different engine loads were selected to represent the low and medium loads for the operation of the engine, i.e., 4.3 bar

Kim, Hyunsoo, Kim, Wooyeong, Lee, Sanguk, Bae, Choongsik

Challenges and Opportunities with Direct-Injection Hydrogen Engines

2023-01-0287

04/11/2023

Stringent emissions regulations and the need for lower tailpipe emissions are pushing the development of low-carbon alternative fuels. H2 is a zero-carbon fuel that has the potential to lower CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines (ICEs) significantly. Moreover, this fuel can be readily implemented in ICEs with minor modifications. Batteries can be argued to be a good zero tailpipe emission solution for the light-duty sector; however, medium and heavy-duty sectors are also in need of rapid decarbonization. Current strategies for H2 ICEs include modification of the existing spark ignition (SI) engines to run on port fuel injection (PFI) systems with minimal changes from the current compressed natural gas (CNG) engines. This H2 ICE strategy is limited by knock and pre-ignition. One solution is to run very lean (lambda >2), but this results in excessive boosting requirements and may result in high NOx under transient conditions. The volumetric efficiency of the engine is also

Kalaskar, Vickey, Conway, Graham, Handa, Gaurav, Joo, Shinhyuk, Williams, Daniel

Load variation using Ducted Fuel Injection - DFI, with different compression ratio in IC engine

2022-36-0089

02/10/2023

Compression ignition engines are widely used in the cargo and passenger transport sectors, this is due to their high energy efficiency and can operate with renewable fuels. The search for increased efficiency in internal combustion engines and reduced emissions are increasingly stringent, so to meet regulatory emission standards, new technologies are being studied and developed to reduce emissions generated by engines, in the case of diesel engines compression ignition, studies of techniques to reduce NOx and soot have been carried out. One of the techniques studied is the application of the DFI - Ducted Fuel Injection concept, which makes the fuel spray pass through a small cylindrical duct installed upstream of the injection orifice of the injector nozzle, thus improving the air/fuel, making it more homogeneous and allowing a more complete combustion. This work addresses a study of this application of DFI with different compression ratios. To carry out the tests, a thermodynamic

Jairo Dias, Fábio, Lacava, Pedro Teixeira, Rufino, Caio, Castejon Garcia, Ezio, Lomonaco, Raphael

Combined Effect of Start of Direct Injection Timing and Fuel Temperature on Combustion and Pollutant Emissions of a Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Operated Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

04-16-01-0002

10/17/2022

Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines still suffer from high levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (uHC) emissions at light loads, which is one of the main challenges to be overcome before its implementation in practical engines. The injection strategies and charge temperature are two important factors that affect the mixture stratification and fuel reactivity, which have a great impact on the formation of pollutants in RCCI engines. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the effect of these variables in order to support the development of RCCI engines. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to study the combined effect of the start of direct injection (SOI) timing and fuel temperature on RCCI combustion characteristics in a single-cylinder research engine equipped with a common rail under constant engine speed and energy delivery ratio. In the experimental research, EN590 petroleum diesel was used as the high

Altun, Şehmus, Fırat, Müjdat, Okcu, Mutlu, Varol, Yasin

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