Combustion of Hydrated Ethanol and Gasoline RON95 Ultra-High Pressure Direct Injection in Optical Access SI Engine

2024-36-0152

12/20/2024

Features
Event
SAE Brasil 2024 Congress
Authors Abstract
Content
High and ultra-high pressure direct injection (UHPDI) can enhance efficiency gains with flex-fuel engines operating on ethanol, gasoline, or their mixtures. This application aims to increase the engine’s compression ratio (CR), which uses low CR for gasoline due to the knocking phenomenon. This type of technology, involving injection pressures above 1000 bar, permits late fuel injection during the compression phase, preventing auto-ignition and allowing for higher compression ratios. UHPDI generates a highly turbulent spray with significant momentum, improving air-fuel mix preparation, and combustion, resulting in even greater benefits while minimizing particulate matter emissions. This study aims to develop ultra-high-pressure injection systems using gasoline RON95 and hydrated ethanol in a single-cylinder engine with optical access. Experimental tests will be conducted in an optically accessible spark ignition research engine, employing thermodynamic, optical, and emission results. In the present work, the spark plug was placed in the lateral, so the ignition and part of the flame propagate close to the cylinder wall, and it will exchange with greater heat to the wall than the flame portions that propagate towards the central region of the chamber. Therefore, the flame front propagates at different speeds; causing stretching and wrinkling that can lead to instabilities and cyclic variability. To address this issue, this work presents experimental results that, through the images post-processing of flames under a SOI (start of injection) sweep strategy in the compression phase to closer of the spark ignition, associating the non-uniform propagation velocity of the flame with the cyclic variability. The fuel impingement on the wall was critical in this scenario, which led to higher soot concentrations and diffusive flames for gasoline. It was found that the injection close to the spark plug enhances the heat release, and combustion stability, decreasing soot emissions. Total unburned hydrocarbons (THC), Nitrous oxides (NOx), aldehydes, and soot emissions decreased for end of injection events closer to the spark ignition. This trend opposes the increase observed in CO emissions.
Meta TagsDetails
DOI
https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-36-0152
Pages
10
Citation
Malheiro de Oliveira, E., Mendoza, A., Martelli, A., Dias, F. et al., "Combustion of Hydrated Ethanol and Gasoline RON95 Ultra-High Pressure Direct Injection in Optical Access SI Engine," SAE Technical Paper 2024-36-0152, 2024, https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-36-0152.
Additional Details
Publisher
Published
Dec 20
Product Code
2024-36-0152
Content Type
Technical Paper
Language
English