Browse Topic: Screws

Items (1,008)
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies the characteristics of screw threads - UNJ profile, inch, series, including a mandatory controlled radius as specified in Table 1 at the root of the external thread. The minor diameter of both external and internal threads provides a basic thread height of .5625H to accommodate the external thread maximum root radius. The following detailed design requirements are included: Screw threads - UNJ basic profile and design profiles. Standard series of diameter-pitch combinations for nominal thread diameters from 0.060 to 6.000 inches. Standard thread classes and form tolerances. Formulae for thread dimensions and tolerances. Method of designating UNJ threads. Tables for selected diameter-pitch combinations for close tolerance mechanical thread applications. Tables for screw thread - UNJ profile thread limit dimensions.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Under the constraints of conventional chassis layouts, traditional wheeled vehicles struggle to maintain stable obstacle-crossing performance on complex terrain. This study aims to enhance both the obstacle-crossing capability and stability of such vehicles. First, a transformable wheel capable of varying its effective radius and actively adjusting the wheel–ground contact configuration is designed, and its degrees of freedom are analyzed using screw theory. Next, based on screw theory and Lie group theory, position-level and velocity-level kinematic models of the transformable wheel are established, and system-level performance indices—including workspace, singular configurations, and force-transmission characteristics—are formulated. Finally, taking these performance indices as optimization objectives, a constrained optimization model of the mechanism’s geometric parameters is constructed, from which an optimal dimension set for the transformable wheel is obtained. The results show that the optimized transformable wheel has significantly improved minimum singularity and dexterity. The designed transformable wheel can achieve changes in wheel radius and wheel rim inclination angle, improving the vehicle's passability in complex terrain.
Lu, Shichuang, Wang, Tie
Straw is one of the major biomass energy sources. It has low economic benefits by conventional disposal methods, such as returning to the field, using as feed, pressing into block fuel, gasification power generation, papermaking, and manufacturing building materials. With the surplus of crop straw, a large amount of straw resources will be burned, resulting in severe resource waste, soil structure damage, and air pollution. Straw carbonization technology and equipment are effective measures to solve the problem of straw surplus. This paper proposes a mobile straw carbonization technology, studies the principles and processes of straw carbonization, and designs a high-efficiency mobile carbonization equipment that can be used in the field to reduce the costs of straw collection, transportation, and storage and realize the transformation of straw from waste to valuable resources. A mathematical model for the pyrolysis process of straw pellets was established. The structure of the mobile straw carbonization equipment was designed based on the research on the mechanism of straw pyrolysis and carbonization. A multi-layer sleeve rotary structure of the reactor is adopted, and the furnace body solves the problem of uneven heating of carbonization with a mixed feeding design of screws and scrapers. Simulation and experiments were conducted using corn straw as the raw material to analyze the variation law of temperature inside the furnace and verify the feasibility of the equipment designed for straw carbonization.
Shang, Chunmin, Yu, Jiadong
This device belongs to the field of aviation materials technology and discloses a high-efficiency drilling equipment for manufacturing aviation materials, which includes a bottom plate. The top of the bottom plate is provided with a clamping structure and a positioning structure. The clamping structure includes a second moving plate, a third sliding groove, a second bi-directional screw, a fourth screw block, a clamping plate, and a rubber block. This device can hold materials through a clamping structure and effectively and quickly locate and drill holes through a positioning structure. By rotating the first threaded rod, it can drive the first screw block to move the U-shaped column. During the movement of the U-shaped column, it will drive the second threaded rod to move together. By rotating the second threaded rod, it will drive the second screw block to adjust the height of the connecting plate for drilling holes. By rotating the third threaded rod, it will drive the first moving plate to move, which will facilitate the multi-directional movement of the drill bit, improve the efficiency of drilling, avoid multiple position changes, and be beneficial for practical applications and operations.
Li, Zuxian, Li, Ling
To obtain additional space for industrial sorting and assembly line labeling operations, this study conducts an analysis of the four-bar mechanism. Based on this analysis and combination, the redundant parallel mechanism is introduced. That is, on the basis of the traditional parallel mechanism with central rotation, the objective of expanding the working space is achieved. The degree of freedom of the screw theory and the disparities between the working space of this mechanism and that of the traditional mechanism are analyzed. Finally, through application analysis, it is demonstrated that the working space of this mechanism is variable and that the mechanism can adapt to diverse workplaces.
Li, Wenqian, Zhang, Xiaojie
Ball screws, as classic high-precision transmission structures, are widely used in various linear motion mechanisms. To meet the needs of space applications, it is necessary to address issues such as microgravity and long lifespan to enhance the in-orbit lifespan and reliability of ball screws. Traditional oil or grease lubrication methods are often unsuitable for space environments due to microgravity and vacuum evaporation problems. This paper conducts relevant research on lubrication design, friction pair design, and friction and wear verification to solve the lubrication and lifespan issues of long-lifespan ball screws for space applications.
Xie, Wen, Zhao, Jian, Gong, Kang, Hu, Xiaonan, Guo, Menglei, Jiao, Hanyu
Internal recirculating ball screws are widely used as linear motion components in automotive active safety systems, owing to their simple structure and compact size. The recirculation (or deflection) channel is a key feature that distinguishes this type from other ball screw designs. The objective of this article is to investigate this key feature that has been rarely addressed in existing research on internal ball screw. The conventional design method for the recirculation channel involves sweeping the cross-section along the center curve. The center curve is typically defined by various classical equations. These equations are applied in different application scenarios. In automotive braking systems, high loads and strict size constraints place critical demands on both the recirculation channel and its center curve. As a representative best-practice example, the machined channel in the screw is typically employed in this application. This article compares several classical center curve equations and proposes a new general approach based on a family of transition curves. The mechanical analysis identifies the inherent structural characteristics of recirculation channel and develops corresponding design guideline. Furthermore, parameter optimization is performed using MSC ADAMS Multibody Dynamics (MBD) software.
Xia, Xinan, Xia, Yanzhe, Zhao, Tina
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Polymeric optical materials such as Cyclo Olefin Polymer (COP) are adopted in aerospace lighting systems due to their excellent optical clarity, dimensional stability, moldability and weight saving advantages over glass. However, their relatively low toughness and the presence of residual molding stress make them prone to crack initiation during mechanical fastening. During its installation, crack formation was consistently observed around self-tapping screw interfaces, raising concerns over reliability, maintainability, and compliance with durability requirements. A structured Design of Experiments (DOE) was performed to identify root causes and evaluate potential mitigation methods. The investigation revealed that residual stresses in the COP material, combined with localized stress concentrations during screw tightening, were the primary drivers of crack initiation. Two complementary process improvements were identified and validated as part of mitigation plan: (i) annealing of the optics prior to assembly to relieve internal stress, and (ii) using step-torquing method to fasten the screws, to gradually distribute applied loads and reduce localized stress peaks. Post-assembly observation over three days confirmed a significant reduction in crack initiation. The combined annealing and step-torquing approach demonstrated a substantial reduction in crack generation probability, providing a practical and repeatable process for enhancing the robustness of polymeric optic assemblies. This work contributes a generalizable methodology for mitigating assembly-induced failures in advanced polymer materials and supports broader adoption of lightweight, high-performance optics in aerospace applications.
S, Nikhil, Singh, Abhimanyu Kumar, Katageri, Praveen, SP, Pradeep, Chandra, Praveen
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This paper presents an analytical approach for identifying suspension kingpin alignment parameters based on screw axis theorem and differential calculation model. The suspension kingpin caster and inclination alignment parameters can produce additional tire force, which affects vehicle handling dynamics. In wheel steering process, the multi-link suspension control arms lead to movement of the imaginary kingpin, which can cause change in suspension kingpin alignment parameters. According to the structure mechanism of commercial vehicle multi-link independent suspension, the kinematics characteristics of imaginary kingpin were analyzed based on the screw axis theorem. The angular velocity and translation velocity vectors were calculated. In order to avoid the influence of bushing deformation, the unique differential identification model was established to evaluate the suspension kingpin alignment parameters, and the identification results were compared with the ADAMS/Car data. The results show that the method can be used in the development of commercial vehicle suspension and active chassis control.
Ding, Jinquan, Hou, Junjian, Zhao, Dengfeng, Guo, Yaohua
Biomedical metal implant materials are widely used in clinical applications, including dental implants, hip replacement, bone plates, and screws. However, traditional manufacturing processes face limitations in meeting customized medical needs, internal structural control, and efficient material utilization. For example, when producing complex-shaped titanium alloy parts using conventional methods, the material consumption ratio is as high as 10:1–20:1, leading to significant material waste.
At present, electric head restraints have been developed locally, so overseas mechanisms are used. In this study, two concept mechanisms were developed, and in addition, one patent for a wing-out head restraint mechanism was additionally applied. The new mechanism has had an excellent effect on cost reduction and improvement of operating noise compared to the current one.
Yu, Sanguk
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
The study of residual torque is necessary in various fields to ensure the safety and reliability of bolted joints. The present study aims to determine, experimentally, the decrease in torque applied to a nut used in the assembly of two polymeric components (POM - Polyoxymethylene). These components are part of the fuel supply module, responsible for supplying fuel from the tank to the engine. This reduction in torque initially applied is mapped to the end-of-life of the components and is used as an approval criteria in the audit procedures of the Robert Bosch company. The first component features an overmolded metallic screw, injected into POM. The mating part is also injection molded from POM and is assembled onto the first part, secured by tightening a metal nut. Due to the plastic-to-metal interface, it’s expected that there will be a reduction in the initially applied torque required to fasten the pieces together. The study was based on 5 steps: 1 Theoretical study on residual torque at the plastic-to-metal interface; 2 Verification of plastic component deformation due to applied torque; 3 Assembly of samples for practical tests; 4 Mapping of torque decrease in samples by time. In this case, a digital torque wrench was used; 5 Analysis of the data and determination of the residual torque range at the end of the product’s life. After the study was completed, it was determined a minimum residual torque, for the end of the product’s life, in this application. This criterion enables more accurate control in field part verification, improves product quality, and optimizes failures identification.
Spitaletti, Laís Scotelari, da Fonseca, Márcio Ghiraldelli
This specification covers closely-wound helical coil, screw thread inserts made from an age hardenable nickel base alloy formed wire of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS N07750. The inner surface of the insert coil, after assembly into a screw thread tapped hole, provides internal threads of standard 60° Unified Form.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
In the intricate world of orthopedic device manufacturing, precision quality isn’t just a requirement, it’s the cornerstone of life-changing patient outcomes. SpiTrex Orthopedics, a global leader in medical device contract manufacturing, specializes in implants for the spine, trauma, and extremity markets (Spi.Tr.Ex.), including spinal rods, cross connectors, hooks, and a variety of stateof-the-art screws, nails, and plates. The company has a multi-site smart factory manufacturing footprint across North America and Europe.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the geometric control requirements for bolts, screws, and studs where worded notes and symbolized notes are used for straightness, concentricity, squareness, and runout.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This procurement specification covers bolts and screws made from a corrosion and heat resistant, age hardenable, nickel base alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS N07041 and of 155 ksi tensile strength at room temperature, with maximum test temperature of parts at 1400 °F.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies the characteristics of screw threads - UNJ profile inch series, including a mandatory controlled radius as specified in Table 1 at the root of the external thread. The minor diameter of both external and internal threads provides a basic thread height of .5625H to accommodate the external thread maximum root radius. The following detailed design requirements are included: a Screw threads - UNJ basic profile and design profiles. b Standard series of diameter-pitch combinations for nominal thread diameters from 0.060 to 6.000 inches. c Standard thread classes and form tolerances. d Formulae for thread dimensions and tolerances. e Method of designating UNJ threads. f Tables for selected diameter-pitch combinations for close tolerance mechanical thread applications. g Tables for screw thread - UNJ profile thread limit dimensions.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This SAE Aerospace Standard (MA) provides recommended dimensional data for screw thread undercuts for straight “MJ” metric screw threads in accordance with MA1370.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This standard specifies the characteristics of the MJ profile metric series of screw threads, altered from ISO 68 M Profile, to include a mandatory controlled radius of 0.18042P to 0.15011P at the root of the external thread and with the minor diameter of both external and internal threads increased to provide a basic thread height of 0.5625H in order to accommodate the external thread maximum root radius. The following detailed requirements are included: a MJ basic profile and design profiles b Standard series of diameter-pitch combinations for nominal thread diameters from 1.6 to 200 mm c Standard thread classes and form tolerances d Formulae for thread dimensions and tolerances e Method of designating MJ threads f Inspection requirement g Tables for selected diameter-pitch combinations for aerospace screws, bolts, nuts, shaft and bearing retaining screw threads, and fluid fittings thread sizes h Tables for MJ screw threads limiting dimensions and tolerances i Symbols for MJ thread dimensions and tolerances
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Previously given Paper 09ATC-0232 delivered at the SAE Aerotech conference in Seattle in 2009 reports on the E6000 machine installing slug rivets with the EMR. Paper 2015-01-2491given at the SAE conference in Seattle in 2015 reports on index head rivets being installed with screw driven squeeze process. This paper reports on the screw driven squeeze process installing unheaded slug rivet which is a more complex process. We also report on improvements to the fixture automation.
Zieve, Peter
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This procurement specification covers inserts made from A286 alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS S66286, solid film lubricated with a piastic self locking device, integrated locking keys to positively secure the insert against rotation when properly installed in threaded holes.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
This Aerospace Standard establishes the preferred diameter-pitch combinations of ISO metric 60° screw threads recommended for use in the aerospace industry for metric module bolts and nuts.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
LiDAR stands for Light Detection and Ranging. It works on the principle of reflection of light. LiDAR is one among the other sensors like RADAR and Camera to help achieve a higher level (Level 3 & above) of Autonomous driving capabilities. LiDAR, as a sensor, is used to perceive the environment in 3D by calculating the ‘Time of flight’ of the Laser beam transmitted from LiDAR and the rays reflected from the Object, along with the intensity of reflection from the object. The frame of perception is plotted as a point cloud. LiDAR is integrated in front of the vehicle, precisely in the grill of the car having a high vantage point to perceive the environment to extract the best possible sensor performance. LiDAR sensor needs to be held within the front panel cutout with uniform gap and flush condition. However, due to tolerance reasons it may have following issues: Sensor functional degradation will happen if it is not aligned properly at the center to the cutout, because the view cones will interfere with grill cutout edges. Aesthetic compromise is not acceptable by customers. Based on the above problems, we have defined a solution. Since we need to maintain LiDAR sensor equidistant from grill cutout in Y and Z direction, Bracket architecture has 3 components, One sheet metal bracket 2 plastic brackets. These 3 brackets are connected by screws and adjustable components to have the LiDAR movement in Y and Z direction. A unique design rack and adjustor pin is used for the same. With this solution, we were able to solve both the problems mentioned above.
Pratap, Amit, Rangarej, Sanjeev
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
The Crash box is the mechanical component that absorbs the impact energy by axial deformation. When an accident occurs, energy absorption and deformation play a vital role in the Automobile safety aspects, and also grooves and triggers are the ones included in the crash box for axial folding and uniform deformation. Here in this research paper, the energy absorption of kinetic energy and deformation parameter is going to be compared with the crash box with the groove at different thicknesses, also the groove is added through the vertical axis along with axial crush occurs. The modeling is done in Hyper mesh 2021 and the simulation and result validation in LS Dyna. The primary goal of this research project is to increase the crash box’s efficiency and enhance the crashworthiness and the passive safety of the passenger vehicle. It is also observed that the groove plays a vital role in reducing the acceleration transmitted to the surrounding area. The box sleeve with screw run through the groove first which almost absorbs 20% of impact energy and the remaining will be absorbed during full axial folding of the crash box. The rupture will happen along with the failure of the grooves when the screw moves, thus improving the energy absorption in the crash box, this kind of screw-type crash box was also easy to replace after the collision. Further, this simulation result will be compared with the crash box without a groove. The improvisation of crashworthiness in the crumple zone of the passenger car is the primary goal of this research. The research findings provide a valuable reference for the design of crash box constructions.
SK, Vignesh, Mayakrishnan, Jaikumar, König, Peter
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines a method for determining a torque value (range) for threaded fluid connections.
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
To establish design recommendations that will provide a basis for safe and reliable connections to threaded screw-type or stud-type electrical equipment terminations. These recommendations are directed primarily, but not solely, to the aerospace and ground support equipment industries. Since individual design criteria may alter the details as outlined, it is therefore important that this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) not be considered mandatory but be used only as a design guidance.
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
This design standard provides information on the use of self-locking shank nuts, thread sizes .1640-36 through .3750-24, together with details of flange hole and abutment shoulder for their installation.
E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
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