Browse Topic: Steel
Common or obvious surface imperfections are normally visible to the naked eye before or after fabrication or processing. Illustrations and definitions of these imperfections are contained in this SAE Information Report. The identifying names are those commonly used throughout the steel industry. The imperfections identified include the major and most often encountered imperfections known to exist at this time. These imperfections are variable in appearance and severity. Extreme conditions have been selected in some instances in order to obtain suitable photographs. Photographs are courtesy of the American Iron and Steel Institute, Kaiser Aluminum, U.S. Steel, Nucor Steel, Samuel Steel, Steel Dynamics, Worthington Steel, and companies no longer in existence: LTV Steel, National Steel, and The Budd Company.
This specification covers two types of free-machining, corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, and forging stock.
This specification covers a low-carbon steel in the form of seamless tubing up to 5.50 inches (139.7 mm), nominal OD, inclusive.
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, corrosion-resistant steel in the form of bars, wire, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire.
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a sophisticated machining technique that offers significant advantages for processing materials with elevated hardness and complex geometries. Invar 36, a nickel-iron alloy characterized by a reduced coefficient of thermal expansion, is extensively used in the aerospace, automotive, and electronic sectors due to its superior dimensional stability across a wide temperature range. The primary goals are to improve machining settings and develop regression models that can precisely predict critical performance metrics. Experimental experiments were conducted using a WEDM system to mill Invar 36 under diverse machining parameters, including pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and current setting percentage (%). The machining performance was assessed by quantifying the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). The design of experiments (DOE) methodology was used to systematically explore the parameter space and identify the optimal
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
Intermetallic Zn-Mo to steel induction brazing was performed in an induction furnace at 1260 degrees Celsius for 0.8 thousand seconds utilising Ni-Cr-Zn filler metal. Base metal atoms such as zinc, molybdenum, and nickel are stated to diffuse to the contact and aggressively react with the filler metal during brazing. This is backed by microstructural research. The reaction layer near Zn-Mo, which is composed of Ni-Cr-Zn compounds and Ni-based solid solutions; the interface's centre zone, which is composed of Ni-based solid solutions with distributed Ni-Cr eutectic phases; and the NiC reaction layer near the steel. The interface is made up of all of these components. The best values for the induction brazing parameters may be calculated by analysing the association between the brazing parameters and the tensile strength of the joints. The joint has a tensile strength of 348 MPa after being brazed at a temperature of 1260 degrees Celsius for 0.8 thousand seconds.
This specification covers a corrosion-resistant steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate over 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) in nominal thickness.
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
The development of advanced high-strength steels has become essential in the production of lightweight, safe, and more economical vehicles within the context of the automotive industry. Among the advanced high-strength steels, complex phase steels stand out, characterized by their high formability and high energy absorption and deformation capacity. Laser welding is a technique that applies laser using high energy density as a heat source. It has the advantages that the high welding speed and low heat input compared to other welding methods cause a decrease in deformation, and the narrow width of the weld bead and heat-affected zone allows for the welding of complex parts that would be difficult for other welding methods. Based on a study of a complex phase steel, an analysis was made of the microstructures observed by optical microscopy, the grain boundaries and certain phases contained in this microstructure, as well as the microstructures of each area in the laser welding region
This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
This specification covers a free-machining, low-alloy steel in the form of round bars 3.50 inches (88.9 mm) and under in nominal diameter produced by a die-drawing process.
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