Browse Topic: Tin alloys
With rising environmental concerns, developing lead-free solders is crucial for sustainable electronics. Traditional lead-based solders, while effective, pose health and environmental risks, prompt a shift to safer alternatives that retain reliability. Sn-9Zn alloys, when alloyed with elements such as cerium (Ce) and chromium (Cr), show enhanced mechanical and thermal properties suited for modern electronics. This study examines the effects of Ce and Cr, and their combination in Sn-9Zn solder alloy, analyzing improvements in microstructure, thermal, wettability, and hardness properties. Microstructural analysis reveals that Ce and Cr additions refine the alloy’s structure, benefiting performance. Wettability testing shows that Sn-9Zn-0.05Ce achieves the lowest wetting angle, while Sn-9Zn-0.05Ce-0.1Cr displays a balanced angle between Sn-9Zn-0.05Ce and Sn-9Zn-0.1Cr. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate that Sn-9Zn-0.05Ce has the lowest melting temperature, while Sn
This specification covers a cast tin bronze in the form of sealing rings (see 8.5).
This specification covers an aluminum bronze alloy in the form of bars, rods, forgings, and forging stock.
This specification covers a cast leaded-tin bronze in the form of sealing rings (see 8.5).
This specification covers an aluminum bronze alloy in the form of sand castings (see 8.5).
This specification covers one type of bronze in the form of bars, rods, forgings, tubing, and forging stock (see 8.5).
This specification covers an aluminum bronze alloy in the form of bars, rods, shapes, tubes, forgings, and forging stock (see 8.5).
This specification covers the requirements for brush plating of tin-zinc by electrodeposition.
Skoltech engineers have used a 3D printer to fabricate — and investigate the mechanical characteristics of — samples of bronze-steel alloys previously unknown to materials science. Blending the distinct properties of bronze and steel, the novel alloys could be used to manufacture combustion chambers for aircraft and rocket engines. These would benefit from both steel’s ability to withstand extreme temperatures and bronze’s capacity to conduct heat away from the chamber.
This SAE Aerospace Report (AIR) provides a cross reference for SAE material standards to other similar standards. The SAE Committee G-3 invites comments and recommendations for the addition of materials and information for inclusion into this informational report. No attempt has been made to obtain samples of the materials or conduct physical and chemical analyses to determine if they are equivalent. Anyone using this AIR, therefore, is cautioned to verify for themselves the interchangeabillity of the specific materials. Additional contributions of missing or supplemental data should be directed to SAE marked for the attention of Committee G-3.
This specification covers one type of bronze in the form of round wire 0.500 inch (12.70 mm) and under in nominal diameter (see 8.5).
This standard defines the requirements for fully replacing undesirable surface finishes using robotic hot solder dip. Requirements for qualifying and testing the refinished piece parts are also included. This standard covers the replacement of pure tin and Pb-free tin alloy finishes with SnPb finishes with the intent of subsequent assembly with SnPb solder. This dipping is different from dipping to within some distance of the body for the purposes of solderability; solder dipping for purposes other than full replacement of pure tin and Pb-free tin alloy finishes are beyond the scope of this document. It covers process and testing requirements for robotic dipping process and does not cover semi-automatic or purely manual dipping processes. This standard does not apply to piece-part manufacturers who build piece parts with a hot solder dip finish. It applies to refinishing performed by a robotic hot solder dip service supplier or production facilities at the customer, whenever the intent
This specification relates to Synchros, 60 and 400 Hz. It is not complete in itself, but shall be used in conjunction with MIL-DTL-81963, in which the latter shall be recognized as forming an inherent part of this specification. This standard requires a Qualified Products List (see 6.4).
This standard defines the requirements for fully replacing undesirable surface finishes using robotic hot solder dip. Requirements for qualifying and testing the refinished piece parts are also included. This standard covers the replacement of pure tin and Pb-free tin alloy finishes with SnPb finishes with the intent of subsequent assembly with SnPb solder. This dipping is different from dipping to within some distance of the body for the purposes of solderability; solder dipping for purposes other than full replacement of pure tin and other Pb-free tin alloy finishes are beyond the scope of this document. It covers process and testing requirements for robotic dipping process and does not cover semi-automatic or purely manual dipping processes. This standard does not apply to piece-part manufacturers who build piece parts with a hot solder dip finish. It applies to refinishing performed by a robotic hot solder dip service supplier or production facilities at the customer, whenever the
This standard outlines the conditions that enhance the risk of hydrogen embrittlement of steel and define the relief procedures required to minimize the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. It is intended to control the process.
The intent of this ARP is to provide guidance to assist users in choosing compatible component finishes/platings to achieve the best corrosion resistance performance for compatible components/couples. This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. A galvanic compatibility table is provided to assist with the compatible plating/finish selection. Specific plating performance parameters for each individual plating and each connector/accessory specification have also been provided to assist the product user with compatible plating/finish selection.
This specification covers a cast tin bronze in the form of sealing rings.
This specification covers one type of bronze in the form of bars, rods, forgings, tubing, and forging stock.
This specification covers bearings of a tin alloy cast on one or both faces of a steel or bronze backing.
The bearing performance of steel backed half bearings, bushings, and washers is dependent on the properties and thickness of the lining alloy, the strength and dimensional stability of the steel backing (usually SAE 1010) and the strength of the bond between the lining alloy and the backing. This SAE Information Report is primarily concerned with the properties of the lining alloys used in automotive applications, in particular, the crankshaft bearings of the internal combustion engine.
This specification covers the requirements for preparation of aluminum and aluminum alloys for soldering by zinc immersion pre-treatment followed by copper plating and tin or tin-zinc alloy plating.
The intent of this ARP is to provide guidance to assist users in choosing compatible component finishes/platings to achieve the best corrosion resistance performance for compatible components/couples. This SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. A galvanic compatibililty table is provided to assist with the compatible plating/finish selection. Specific plating performance parameters for each individual plating and each connector/accessory specification have also been provided to assist the product user with compatible plating/finish selection.
Tin sulfides (SnS and SnS2), represent a safer and greener alternative to other metal sulfides such as copper sulfides, and MoS2 etc. Their behavior is usually associated to that of solid lubricants such as graphite. A mixture of tin sulfides, with the 65 wt% of SnS2, has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). In order to investigate the effect of tin sulfides upon two crucial friction material ingredients, two mixtures were prepared: the former was made by mixing tin sulfides with a natural flake graphite and the latter was made mixing tin sulfides with a straight novolak. They were analyzed by TGA and differential thermal analysis (DTA) in both nitrogen and air. Some interferences were detected between tin sulfides and graphite in air. However, the oxidation of tin sulfides was concomitant with that of the novolak so that the resin onset decomposition-oxidation was considerably shifted to higher temperatures allowing the resin to
This standard defines the requirements for fully replacing undesirable surface finishes using robotic hot solder dip. Requirements for qualifying and testing the refinished piece parts are also included. This standard covers the replacement of pure tin and Pb-free tin alloy finishes with SnPb finishes with the intent of subsequent assembly with SnPb solder. This dipping is different from dipping to within some distance of the body for the purposes of solderability; solder dipping for purposes other than full replacement of pure tin and other Pb-free tin alloy finishes are beyond the scope of this document. It covers process and testing requirements for robotic dipping process and does not cover semi-automatic or purely manual dipping processes. This standard does not apply to piece-part manufacturers who build piece parts with a hot solder dip finish. It applies to refinishing performed by a robotic hot solder dip service supplier or production facilities at the customer, whenever the
This handbook is designed to assist a program in assuring the performance, reliability, airworthiness, safety, and certifiability of product(s), in accordance with GEIA-STD-0005-1, “Performance Standard for Aerospace and High Performance Electronic Systems Containing Pb-free Solder”. Please note that the program manager, and managers of systems engineering, Supply Chain and Quality Assurance (along with their respective organizations), and the appropriate enterprise authority need to work together in ensuring that all impacts of Pb-free technology insertion are understood and risks mitigated accordingly. Herein “program management (or manager), supplier chain management (or manager), quality assurance management (or manager) and systems engineering management (or manager) and/or the appropriate enterprise authority” shall be defined as “responsible manager” throughout the remaining document (see Section 3, Terms and Definitions). The basic principles delineated in this handbook can be
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) shall be limited to general information about tin whisker formation on tin plated conductors. It summarizes the mechanisms of metal whisker formation and describes possible conclusions as related to tin plated conductors. It also provides a number of reference documents that describes research and observations of the whisker phenomena, recommendations to prevent its formation and conclusions. The investigation by this task group of AE-8D was initiated by a request of the Naval Air Warfare Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, to determine if the phenomenon of tin whiskers is a problem in aerospace wire and cable.
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