Browse Topic: Coatings, colorants, and finishes

Items (5,385)
This specification establishes the requirements for dyed anodic coatings on aluminum alloys
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
ABSTRACT Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing often results in defective parts due to non-uniform temperature distribution during fabrication. To mitigate this issue, the authors recently introduced SmartScan, an intelligent method that employs modeling and optimization to generate scan sequences that improve temperature uniformity. However, the previous version of SmartScan could only be applied to single layers. This paper presents an extension of SmartScan to three-dimensional parts by adjusting the thermal model and optimization objective. Through simulations and experiments involving fabricating AISI 316L stainless steel parts, the study demonstrates that the proposed SmartScan approach significantly improves temperature uniformity, reduces part distortion, and mitigates residual stress, as compared to conventional heuristic sequences. Citation: C. He, C. E. Okwudire, “Scan Sequence Optimization for Reduced Residual Stress and Distortion in PBF Additive
He, ChuanOkwudire, Chinedum E.
ABSTRACT Additive/Abradable Powder Coatings (AAPC’s) are field proven, thick, solid film graphite coatings that wear in to the ideal functional geometry of mechanical components. Lubed or dry, devices lap in and run with minimized clearance and friction for highest efficiency, quietest operation, and longest life in sandy environments. AAPC’s will improve military readiness, reduce sustainment costs, and cut components logistics and fuel consumption. Processing is easy, robust and effective on new and used components in prototyping, production and remanufacturing. Worn components can be restored in theater to achieve durable, ‘better than new’ performance levels. Applications include turbos, IC pistons, lube pumps, hydraulics, roots blowers, screw compressors, refrigerant compressors, lip seal seats, and others. This paper will focus on the AAPC benefits observed on pistons and turbo compressor housings
Suman, Andrew
ABSTRACT Military vehicle survivability can be enhanced by implementing Lightweight Fuel Tanks with an Engineered Self-Sealing and Energy Absorbing solution. A thin walled plastic or aluminum fuel tank with an outer self-sealing protection coating and a properly installed ballistic baffle provide increased sealing performance as compared to amour protected fuel tank. Design features include reduced weight penalty, survivability, self-sealing against kinetic energy threats, maximum fuel in space claim, flexible design, and low tooling charges. Citation: Stuck, LW, “Self Sealing Fuel Tanks in Vehicles Without Armor”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 10-12, 2021
Stuck, Larry
Abstract Line2Line’s patented abradable powder surface coatings are a mechanism by which clearance between mating components is reduced, and the tribological properties of the interacting surfaces can be improved. The following discussion presents the modeling efforts targeting the numerical analysis of abradable powder piston skirt coatings. This study employs the Cylinder-Kit Analysis System for Engines (CASE) by Mid-Michigan Research to model the performance enhancements offered by abradable powder coatings as applied to piston skirts. Two piston models were generated for the purposes of this analysis, one with the post-run stock reference geometry and coating, as supplied by the manufacturer, and the second having the Line2Line post-run coated geometry. The pistons modeled had been installed within two separate Cummins R2.8 L turbo diesel engines, both of which were subject to several hours of runtime. The primary finding of the current study is that the Line2Line abradable powder
Nicklowitz, DanielSchock, HaroldSuman, AndyLowe, JimWood, Ai LeGrande
ABSTRACT Active thermography has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for detection of near-surface corrosion hidden under paint, as well as hidden material loss due to corrosion. Compared to established point inspection techniques (e.g. ultrasound, eddy current), thermography offers fast, wide-area inspection of flat or curved surfaces that does not require direct contact or coupling. In its simplest form, it can be used to perform qualitative inspection using a heat gun or lamp and an uncooled IR camera. Recent developments in thermographic signal processing, coupled with improved IR camera and thermal excitation technology have resulted in significant advances in resolution, sensitivity and probability of detection of near and far-surface corrosion, and the ability to perform quantitative characterization of corrosion
Shepard, StevenBeemer, Maria
ABSTRACT Autonomous driving is emerging as the future of transportation recently. For autonomous driving to be safe and reliable the perception sensors need sufficient vision in sometimes challenging operating conditions including dust, dirt, and moisture or during inclement weather. LiDAR perception sensors used in certain autonomous driving solutions require both a clean and dry sensor screen to effectively operate in a safe manner. In this paper, UV durable Hydrophobic (UVH) coatings were developed to improve LiDAR sensing performance. A lab testbed was successfully constructed to evaluate UVH coatings and uncoated control samples for LiDAR sensor under the simulated weathering conditions, including fog, rain, mud, and bug. In addition, a mobile testbed was developed in partnership with North Dakota State University (NDSU) to evaluate the UVH coatings in an autonomous moving vehicle under different weathering conditions. These UV-durable easy-to-clean coatings with high optical
Zhao, YuejunHellerman, Edward A.Lu, SongweiSelekwa, Majura
ABSTRACT Army Regulation (AR) 750-59 requires the Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) program manager to conduct a survey of Army Materiel for corrosion on a 4-year basis. With Army ground assets estimated to number at over 500,000, statistical sampling of equipment and installations was determined to be the most effective means to meet this requirement. Starting in FY2015, the Integrated Logistics Support Center (ILSC) at the Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM), working with Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC), contracted Elzly Technology Corporation (Elzly) to develop a methodology to perform these surveys and catalog the assessment data. From January 2015 through May 2018, Elzly and ILSC personnel have visited 22 installations, inspected over 8,200 assets, recorded corrosion or coating damage on over 121,000 parts, and have cataloged over 180,000 photos of parts with corrosion and coating damage (surveys continue today). As part of the
Ault, J. PeterScott Porter, Thomas SandersRepp, JohnPike, Timothy
ABSTRACT Lip seals are vital components that serve two primary purposes – keep liquids/lubricants in and keep sand/contaminants out. An additional task is to confine pressure. Test study results indicate that self-polishing Additive Abradable Graphite Coatings (AAGC’s) will protect sealed rotating components from sand, and extend lubricant maintenance interval on gearboxes, PTO’s, and the like. Citation: A. Andrew Suman, “Improve Lip Seal Performance and Increase Sand Resistance With A Low Cost Graphite Shaft Coating”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2019
Suman, AndrewSilvey, TomSmith, Zachary
ABSTRACT The U.S. Army - GVSC Materials Characterization and Failure Analysis team conducted a preliminary study in FY18 to address the issue of galvanic and pitting corrosion of U.S. Army ground vehicle system (GVS) structural surfaces. The objective of this study was to develop a permanent coating solution to supplement the existing corrosion protective coating of zinc rich primer and CARC paint, and extend the lifecycle of the armor. Twenty-five permanent, 0.1 inch layer, additively manufactured (AM) coated coupons of deposited Stellite 6 cobalt alloy on MIL-STD-46100 High Hard (HH) armor steel blocks were produced for cyclic testing using an un-optimized set of parameters. These coupons were subjected to a twenty-four week study in accelerated corrosive conditions of a fog spray chamber alongside primer-CARC coated and uncoated coupons. The resulting study showed no signs of pitting corrosion in the surface of the AM coated coupons, and minimal galvanic corrosion. Citation: I
Toppler, Ian JSchleh, Daniel CRomero, Claudio Gutierrez
Super Duplex Stainless Steels (SDSS) are attracting attentions of the manufacturing industries due to the excellent corrosion resistance to critical corrosion. But SDSS2507 is the hardest to machine with lowest machinability index among DSS family. Moreover, formation of built-up layer (BUL) and work hardening tendency makes it further difficult to machine. Researchers have the conflict in opinions on using wet machining or dry machining using tool coatings. In this investigation SDSS2507 machining is carried out using uncoated and PVD–TiAlSiN-coated tools. The wet and dry machining environment are compared for increase in cutting speed from 170 m/min to 230 m/min. Excellent properties of PVD–TiAlSiN coatings exhibited microhardness of 39 GPa and adhesion strength of 88 N, which outperformed the uncoated tools. Tool life exhibited by coated tools was four times higher than uncoated tools. Wet machining was found to be ineffective when PVD-coated tools are used, exhibiting the same
Sonawane, Gaurav DinkarBachhav, Radhey
Butterflies can see more of the world than humans, including more colors and the field oscillation direction, or polarization, of light. This special ability enables them to navigate with precision, forage for food, and communicate with one another. Other species, like the mantis shrimp, can sense an even wider spectrum of light, as well as the circular polarization, or spinning states, of light waves. They use this capability to signal a “love code,” which helps them find and be discovered by mates
Vehicle light-weighting constitutes a critical component in the automotive sector’s drive to improve fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among the various options for lightweight materials, thermoplastic foams are distinguished by their durability, low weight, and environmental sustainability. This study explores the manufacturing of novel graphene-filled polypropylene (PP) foam, employing supercritical nitrogen as an eco-friendly substitute instead of conventional chemical foaming agents, and investigated the role of over-molding a solid skin over a foamed core on the flexural strength of the molded component. Our approach is broken down into four distinct investigations—Study I investigated the effect of different graphene content by weight percentage (wt.%), namely 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%, on flexural properties and foam morphology obtained for 15 wt.% reduction of the PP thermoplastic, thereby helping identify an optimum graphene loading wt.%. Study II broadened the wt
Pradeep, Sai AdityaDeshpande, Amit MakarandShah, BhavikKhan, SaidaFarahani, SaeedSternberg, JamesLi, GangPilla, Srikanth
From televisions to smartphones, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are finding their way into many everyday devices. For use in displays, blue OLEDs are also required to supplement the primary colors — red and green. Especially in blue OLEDs, impurities give rise to strong electrical losses, which could be partly circumvented by using highly complex and expensive device layouts
Today, almost all passenger vehicles are equipped with Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) systems to provide thermal comfort to occupants. To enhance cabin cooling down rate, two approaches are possible viz. increasing the MAC system capacity or reducing heat ingress into the vehicle cabin. The first approach is likely to have a negative impact on energy efficiency. The latter approach considers the deployment of alternate passive cabin cooling technologies. Among these, the deployment of uniquely developed coatings on metal, plastic and glass surfaces of the cabin is one option. The assessment of such coatings is usually done only at severe ambient conditions (>40°C), which may not be sufficient. These coatings need to be validated across all climatic seasons of the year, for assessing their effectiveness on passenger thermal comfort. The current work along with simulation studies, takes into account additional parameters such as the ‘feeling of hotness’ when one enters a hot-soaked cabin
Deshmukh, GaneshKulkarni, Shridhar DilipraoVarma, MohitJaybhay, SambhajiKapoor, SangeetTilekar, Pravin
EV motors and transmissions operate at high speeds and handle high power densities, placing heavy demands on bearings, seals, and gears. TEHD and meshless CFD simulations open new ways to the design and optimization of lubrication and thermal management solutions for EV transmissions and e-axles. Properly parametrized CAE models can provide valuable insights into the effects of different lubricant properties on cooling and lubrication efficiencies, thereby helping in matching the lubricant and hardware characteristics for optimal performance. In the present communication, we demonstrate the effects of different lubricants and surface finishing technologies on the tribology of high-speed gears using tribological tests and simulations. Important roles of lubricity additives and surface finish optimization are highlighted in conjunction with a move towards ultralow viscosity fluids
Zhmud, BorisMerelli, Michele
This specification covers the requirements for black oxide coatings on parts
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Many performance sport passenger vehicles use drilled or grooved cast iron brake rotors for a better braking performance or a cosmetic reason. Such brake rotors would unfortunately cause more brake dust emission, appearing with dirty wheel rims. To better understand the effects of such brake rotors on particle emission, a pin-on-disc tribometer with two particle emission measurement devices was used to monitor and collect the emitted airborne particles. The first device was an aerodynamic particle sizer, which is capable of measuring particles ranging from 0.5 to 20 μm. The second device was a condensation particle counter, which measures and collects particles from 4 nm to 3 μm. The testing samples were scaled-down brake discs (100 mm in diameter) against low-metallic brake pads. Two machined surface conditions (plain and grooved) with uncoated or ceramic-coated friction surfaces were selected for the investigation. The results showed that the grooved friction surface led to a higher
Cai, RanNie, XueyuanLyu, YezheWahlstrom, Jens
A soft, flexible film senses the presence of nearby objects without physically touching them. The study features the new sensor technology to detect eyelash proximity in blink-tracking glasses
This research explores the experimental analysis of titanium alloy using an innovative approach involving a 2–7% carbon nanotube (CNT)-infused cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel. Employing a full-factorial design, the study systematically investigates the interactions among varied wheel speed, workpiece feed rate, and depth of cut, revealing compelling insights. The integration of CNTs in the CBN grinding wheel enhances the machining performance of titanium alloy, known for its high strength and challenging machinability. The experiment varies CNT infusion levels to assess their impact on material removal rate (MRR) and surface finish. Significantly, MRR is influenced by CNT content, with 5% and above demonstrating optimal performance. The 7% CNT-CBN wheel exhibits a remarkable 61% improvement in MRR over the conventional CBN wheel. Interaction studies highlight the pivotal role of depth of cut, indicating that slower speeds and feeds, combined with increased depth of cut
Stephen, Deborah SerenadeSethuramalingam, Prabhu
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the requirements for the types of glass to be utilized in the fabrication of cover glasses and lighting wedges used in aerospace instruments. It defines the maximum extent of physical defects and recommends standard methods of inspection and evaluation. Definitions of terminology used in this document are covered in 2.2
A-20A Crew Station Lighting
As aerospace engineers push the boundaries of new frontiers, the need for advanced materials that can withstand the rigorous demands of these advanced applications is relentless. These materials go beyond functionality; it is about ensuring reliability in the skies, where failure is not an option. Fluorosilicone can help do exactly that. In the 1960s, the U.S. Air Force noticed that conventional silicone-based sealants, coatings, and other components degraded rapidly when exposed to fuels, de-icing fluids, and other hydrocarbon-based solvents. Dimethyl-based silicones are non-polar and easily absorb hydrocarbon-based solvents, which may result in material swelling, mechanical weakening, and ultimately, failure
This specification covers the requirements for producing a zinc phosphate coating on ferrous alloys and the properties of the coating
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
The present work highlights the significance of nanocomposite coatings for their ease of processing and applicability in combating corrosion. Ongoing research is dedicated to the development of an effective nanocomposite hydrophobic coating. A hydrophobic nanocomposite coating was deposited on galvanized iron (GI) using a sol-gel route with polymethylsiloxane (PDMS) reinforced with nano-SiO2. Surface morphology and chemical composition analysis, conducted with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), revealed the coating’s structural and compositional attributes. The resulting hydrophobic coating exhibits a water contact angle (WCA) of 104.1°, indicating a 30.45% increase compared to bare GI. Subsequent to these characterizations, the adhesion of the coated GI, rated as 4B per ASTM D3359, is followed by commendable resistance to corrosion, as evidenced by electrochemical tests. The corrosion rate
Kumar, PrakashRamesh, M.R.Doddamani, Mrityunjay
This document establishes the requirements for the sequencing of processes relating to parts fabricated from 300M or 4340 modified steel heat treated to, or to be heat treated to, 270,000 psi (1860 MPa) minimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and higher
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This SAE practice is intended for the sample preparation of test pieces for automotive wheels and wheel trim. The practice provides a consistent scribing method for use on test panels and or component parts with substrate chemical pretreatment and coating systems. Test specimens can then be subjected to various corrosion tests in order to evaluate performance without significant variations of the degree of exposure of the substrate. The scribing is used to create a break in the coating/finishing as can occur in the field through gravel and other damaging conditions. NOTE— Significant variability is attributed to surface contour, coating hardness/softness, operator reproducibility, and the scribing tool and it’s condition
Wheel Standards Committee
Researchers have created a flexible paper-based sensor that operates like the human brain. They fabricated a photo-electronic artificial synapse device composed of gold electrodes on top of a 10 μm transparent film consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs
Thermo-mechanical fatigue and natural aging due to environmental conditions are challenging to simulate in an actual test with advanced fiber-reinforced composites, where their fatigue and aging behavior are little understood. Predictive modeling of these processes is challenging. Thermal cyclic tests take a prohibitively long time, although the strain rate effect can be scaled well for accelerating the mechanical stress cycles. Glass fabric composites have important applications in pipes, aircraft, and spacecraft structures, including microwave transparent structures, impact-resistant parts of the wing, fuselage deck and many other load-bearing structures. Often additional additively manufactured features and coatings on glass fabric composites are employed for thermal and anti-corrosion insulations. In this paper, we employ a thermo-mechanical fatigue model based on an accelerated fatigue test and life prediction under hot-to-cold cycles. Thermo-mechanical strain-controlled stress
Kancherla, Kishore BabuB S, DakshayiniRaju, BenjaminRoy Mahapatra, Debiprosad
This specification establishes the requirements for a hard anodic coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the nomenclature for surface finishes commonly used for sheet and strip in aerospace material specifications. It is applicable to steel and to iron, nickel, cobalt, and titanium base alloys
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
The paramount importance of titanium alloy in implant materials stems from its exceptional qualities, yet the optimization of bone integration and mitigation of wear and corrosion necessitate advanced technologies. Consequently, there has been a surge in research efforts focusing on surface modification of biomaterials to meet these challenges. This project is dedicated to enhancing the surface of titanium alloys by employing shot peening and powder coatings of titanium oxide and zinc oxide. Comparative analyses were meticulously conducted on the mechanical and wear properties of both treated and untreated specimens, ensuring uniformity in pressure, distance, and time parameters across all experiments. The outcomes underscore the efficacy of both methods in modifying the surface of the titanium alloy, leading to substantial alterations in surface properties. Notably, the treated alloy exhibited an impressive nearly 12% increase in surface hardness compared to its untreated counterpart
Balasubramanian, K.Bragadeesvaran, S. R.Raja, R.Jannet, Sabitha
A durable, copper-based coating developed by a team at Dartmouth University can be integrated into fabric to create responsive, reusable materials such as protective equipment, environmental sensors, and smart filters
The machining process is employed to transform a workpiece into a predefined geometry with the assistance of a cutting tool. Throughout this process, the cutting tool undergoes various adverse effects, including deformation, stress, thermal gradient, and more, all of which impact tool sharpness, surface finish, and tool life. These outcomes are also influenced by cutting parameters, specifically cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. The present investigation aims to demonstrate the application of ANSYS analysis software in predicting stress, deformation, thermal gradient, and other factors on the tool insert tip for various machining parameters. To achieve this, an experimental setup was arranged to collect cutting force and temperature data using a dynamometer and thermocouples during the machining process of maraging steel with a tungsten carbide tool insert. Experiments were conducted with different combinations of machining parameters using design of experiments (DoE). The
Balasubramanian, K.Jeyakumar, R.Rajendran, C.Kandavalli, Sumanth Ratna
This specification establishes requirements for a tape that is used to perform organic coatings adhesion testing
AMS G8 Aerospace Organic Coatings Committee
In order to study the tire friction characteristics under wet skid surface, the “pseudo” hydrodynamic pressure bearing effect is used to be equivalent to the hydrodynamics of water film, and an advanced Lugre tire hydroplaning dynamic model is developed by combining the arbitrary pressure distribution function. The water hydroplaning dynamic tests were carried out for 285/70R19.5 tire under wet of different water film thickness and dry conditions, and the parameters of the advanced Lugre tire dynamic model were identified. The results show that the tire water-skiing model proposed in this paper can effectively simulate the friction characteristics of tires under different water film thicknesses. Under dry conditions, 0.5mm water film and 1mm water film road conditions, the relative errors of the maximum tire friction coefficient between the tested and advanced Lugre tire model are 1.11%, 0.12% and 0.16%, respectively. The root mean square (RMS) relative errors of tire friction
Zhu, HengjiaQi, KaiWang, LliwenZhang, Wei
FMVSS No. 205, “Glazing Materials,” uses impact test methods specified in ANSI/SAE Z26.1-1996. NHTSA’s Vehicle Research and Test Center initiated research to evaluate a subset of test methods from ANSI Z26.1-1996 including the 227 gram ball and shot bag impact tests, and the fracture test. Additional research was completed to learn about potential changes to tempered glass strength due to the ceramic paint area (CPA), and to compare the performance of twelve by twelve inch flat samples and full-size production parts. Glass evaluated included tempered rear quarter, sunroof, and backlight glazing. Samples with a paint edge were compared to samples without paint, and to production parts with and without paint in equivalent impact tests. A modified shot bag with stiffened sidewalls was compared to the ANSI standard shot bag. The fracture test comparison included evaluating the ANSI Z26.1 impact location and ECE R43 impact location. Over 900 tests covering the various test conditions
Rains, Corinn
Rotary Bell Atomizers are well established in the automotive industry for top coating applications. This type of atomizer allows to create a uniform coating and is characterized by high productivity. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the process depends on many complex factors. For instance, the transfer efficiency of the paint material, which is the percentage of the paint reaching the structure surface, ranges from 60-95% depending on the application conditions. Any increase in the transfer efficiency can not only reduce energy and material costs, but also reduce the emission of harmful non-deposited paint particles and the effort to handle them. The use of accurate numerical methods in this process helps to optimize the application process, reduce the number of expensive field experiments, and shortens the development cycle of new vehicles, which ensures predictability of production costs. This paper describes a multidisciplinary framework that allows to simulate the industrial
Panov, DmitriiMenon, MuraleekrishnanZhu, HuaxiangStadik, AlexanderZhang, LingranKotian, AkhileshPeng, ChongMonaco, ErnestoBorra, Ravi KanthBoraey, Mohammed
In this study, henequen fibers that had been treated with NaOH were used as reinforcements in phenolic-based materials. The hot-pressing method was used to create composites, which were then tested for tensile, flexural, fundamental, and thermogravimetric characteristics. When compared with samples that were untreated, the total attributes of fiber interface modification and treatment improved. The treated varieties of 50% henequen materials had the best tensile qualities of all composites, although their flexural values fell somewhat in comparison to the unprocessed materials. Fiber processing reduced the three-point bending characteristics of henequen composites. SEM was used to investigate the behavior of matrix and fiber bonding prior to and following pretreatment. Processed with 50% henequen resulted in improved fiber dispersion, 60% henequen resulted in void content, whereas 40% henequen resulted in inadequate fiber/matrix interface bonding. Thermogravimetric evaluation was used
Seeniappan, KaliappanNatrayan, L.
Solid rods of dissimilar metals are easily welded by friction welding. This process is a solid-state process where no fumes or gases are released which is friendly to the environment. In advanced engineering practice, joining Titanium (Ti) alloy and stainless steel (SS) is very important due to poor bonding strength in direct joining. These materials are easily joined by an interlayer technique using materials like nickel, silver, niobium, aluminum, and copper. Special surface geometry techniques hold the interlayer materials between dissimilar metals in different forms like coating, foils, and solid metals. In this investigation, the finite element method is used for modeling the process, and the Johnson-cook equation was used to find the analysis of output values with the defined material properties. The heat generated is calculated and numerically compared and analyzed with experimental results. Observations such as metallography, hardness, and tensile test were studied. The results
Balasubramanian, M.Prathap, P.Madhu, S.
This study focuses on enhancing the corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy, known for its impressive strength-to-weight ratio within the magnesium group. Despite its lightweight properties, the alloy's moderate corrosion and wear resistance have restricted its widespread use. To address this limitation, we explored the application of the Dow 17 process to enable hard anodizing of AZ91D magnesium alloy. Our primary objective is to investigate the impact of hard anodizing on AZ91D magnesium alloy and its potential to mitigate corrosion issues. Hard anodizing results in the formation of a robust oxide film on the alloy's surface. We posit that this oxide film can significantly reduce substrate corrosion, expanding the alloy's utility in various applications. To substantiate our claims, we conducted a comprehensive corrosion performance analysis of AZ91D magnesium alloy, with and without hard anodizing treatment. We employed advanced techniques, including potential dynamic
Marimuthu, S.Manivannan , S.Daniel Das, A.Suresh Balaji, R.Abishek, S.Yogendra Kumar, R.
Aluminium alloys enrolled their applications in automobile sectors, agricultural equipment, machine tools and aerospace because of their weight-to-strength ratio. Aluminium alloy 7075-T651 is an inevitable material used in engineering sectors. Turning is a metal removal process, to obtain net geometrical aspects and better surface finish of the products. The machinability of the turning operation is based on different factors; however, turning factors and material of tool plays a significant position in the turning process. To identify the truthful cutting parameters to achieve multi-responses in turning operation, the experiment was designed via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Central Composite Design (CCD) and the experimental results are analyzed under the desirability approach. By trialing 26 interpretations in the desirability approach; the optimal cutting parameter settings of speed 800 rpm, feed rate 0.140315 mm/rev and depth of cut 0.3501 mm have been revealed to enhance
Sundarrajan, D.Senthil Kumaar, J. S.Muthiah, A.Manikandan, A.Sivakumar, N. S.
Using dc magnetron sputtering, Al/Si films were made on surfaces made of fused quartz and silicon. It was carefully controlled that the films contained no more than 7 at.% silicon under ideal deposition conditions. This was done by changing the target's structure and adding silicon lines to it. This had to be done to get a good reading on how much silicon was in the plates. After being heated to 800°C and then cooled in very cold water, the thermo-elastic face-centered cubic structure changed into the flat crush test martensite. In Al/Si films with a Si content of 25.6%, this change took place. It looks like the shift in the opposite way was also thermoelastic. The several thermoelastic transitions that happened were caused by changes in temperature. Some Al-36 at.% Si coatings that were scraped off of a quartz substrate showed shape memory qualities when heated after being deformed. The coverings on these things were warped. Before the fabrication process began, a diaphragm-shaped
Francis Xavier, J.Rethinavelsubramanian, A.Jayabalakrishnan, D.Maniyarasan, M.John Solomon, I.
The limitations of commonly used materials such as steel in withstanding high temperatures led to exploring alternative alloys. For instance, Inconel 825 is a nickel-based alloy known for its exceptional corrosion resistance. Thus, the Inconel 825 is used in various applications, including aerospace, marine propulsion, and missiles. Though it has many advantages, machining this alloy at high temperatures could be challenging due to its inadequate heat conductivity, increased strain hardening propensity, and extreme dynamic shear strength. The resultant hardened chips generated during high-speed machining exhibit elevated temperatures, leading to tool wear and surface damage, extending into the subsurface. This work investigated the influence of varying process settings on the machinability of Inconel 825 metal, using both uncoated and coated tools. Optimal surface roughness (Ra) machining conditions were found by considering factors such as depth of cut, cutting speed, feed rate, and
Balakrishnan, S.Natrayan, M.Senthilkumar, K.Rajkumar, V.
The ferrous deuteroporphyrin cast Fe alloy and nickel-coated steel were lap welded successfully using the mechanical stir welding process. It was able to weld junctions with full strength and fracture on the base metal side of nickel-coated steel during the welding process, but ferrous alloy and nickel steel could not be welded together. It was proposed that the joining technique and function of the Ni coating be used in the friction stir lap welding of Ni-coated steel and aluminum alloy. The Ni coating improved both the weldability of iron and steel, resulting in the production of a Fe-Ni eutectic structure with a low melting point at the interface of the two materials. It is possible to successfully fuse steel and ferrous metals together
Sambath, S.Francis Xavier, J.Jayabalakrishnan, D.Suthan, R.Zahir Hussain, M.
Magnesium and its alloys are promising engineering materials with broad potential applications in the automotive, aerospace, and biomedical fields. These materials are prized for their lightweight properties, impressive specific strength, and biocompatibility. However, their practical use is often hindered by their low wear and corrosion resistance. Despite their excellent mechanical properties, the high strength-to-weight ratio of magnesium alloys necessitates surface protection for many applications. In this particular study, we employed the plasma spraying technique to enhance the low corrosion resistance of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. We conducted a wear analysis on nine coated samples, each with a thickness of 6mm, to assess their tribological performance. To evaluate the surface morphology and microstructure of the dual-phase treated samples, we employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bare AZ91D magnesium alloy exhibited a microhardness value
Kishore Kanna, K.Mohamed Thariq, R.Marimuthu, S.Daniel Das, A.Suresh Balaji, R.Manivannan, S.
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