Browse Topic: Coatings, colorants, and finishes

Items (5,395)
Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has become a revolutionary technology for creating intricate shapes using different materials. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic that is commonly used in additive manufacturing (AM) because of its environmentally friendly properties, affordability, and ease of use. The objective of this study is to optimize the FDM parameters for PLA material and create predictive models using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to forecast printing performance. An investigation was carried out through experimental trials to examine the impact of important FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical outcomes such as dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical properties. The utilization of design of experiments (DOE) methodology enabled a methodical exploration of parameters. A predictive model using ANFIS was created to
Pasupuleti, ThejasreeNatarajan, ManikandanKiruthika, JothiRamesh Naik, MudeSilambarasan, R
Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), has transformed the manufacturing industry by allowing the creation of intricate shapes using different materials. Polylactic Acid (PLA) is a biodegradable thermoplastic that is commonly used in additive manufacturing (AM) because of its environmentally friendly nature, affordability, and ease of processing. This study aims to optimize the parameters of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) for PLA material using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. The researchers performed experimental trials to examine the impact of important FDM parameters, such as layer thickness, infill density, printing speed, and nozzle temperature, on critical outcomes, including dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical properties. The methodology of design of experiments (DOE) enabled a systematic exploration of parameters. The TOPSIS approach, a technique for making decisions
Natarajan, ManikandanPasupuleti, ThejasreeKiruthika, JothiKatta, Lakshmi NarasimhamuSilambarasan, R.
Additive Manufacturing (AM), specifically Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), has transformed the manufacturing industry by allowing the creation of complex structures using a wide range of materials. The objective of this study is to enhance the FDM process for Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) material by utilizing the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) optimization method. The study examines the influence of FDM parameters, such as layer height, nozzle temperature, and infill density, on important characteristics of the printing process, such as tensile strength, flexibility, and surface finish. The collection of experimental data is achieved by conducting systematic FDM printing trials that cover a variety of parameter combinations. The TOPSIS optimization method is utilized to determine the optimal parameter settings by evaluating each parameter combination against the ideal and anti-ideal solutions. This method determines the optimal parameter
Pasupuleti, ThejasreeNatarajan, ManikandanKiruthika, JothiRamesh Naik, MudeSilambarasan, R
To meet the corrosion target of automotive vehicles, different coated steel sheets are used in various parts of the body in white (BIW), chassis, and powertrain. Hot dip galvanized (GI) and hot hip galvannealed (GA) are the two most commonly used steel sheets worldwide. Other coatings, such as Zn-Ni, Al-Si, Zn plating, and electro-galvanized zinc coating, are application-specific coatings that are used suitably to meet different performance requirements. To meet the robust corrosion and performance requirements, there is a trend of increasing the use of coated steel sheets in automotive vehicles. While different coated steels have different corrosion performance, they also exhibit different joining and paint adhesion performance. Spot welding is one of the most common technique used for joining automotive parts. Joint strength majorly depends on steel base material grade, chemistry and properties. However, coating on base material also influence joining performance. Major challenge is
Jain, VikasMisal, SwapnaliDeshmukh, MansiPaliwal, Lokesh
The future of wireless technology - from charging devices to boosting communication signals - relies on the antennas that transmit electromagnetic waves becoming increasingly versatile, durable and easy to manufacture. Researchers at Drexel University and the University of British Columbia believe kirigami, the ancient Japanese art of cutting and folding paper to create intricate three-dimensional designs, could provide a model for manufacturing the next generation of antennas. Recently published in the journal Nature Communications, research from the Drexel-UBC team showed how kirigami - a variation of origami - can transform a single sheet of acetate coated with conductive MXene ink into a flexible 3D microwave antenna whose transmission frequency can be adjusted simply by pulling or squeezing to slightly shift its shape
This specification establishes the requirements for dyed anodic coatings on aluminum alloys
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
ABSTRACT Army Regulation (AR) 750-59 requires the Corrosion Prevention and Control (CPC) program manager to conduct a survey of Army Materiel for corrosion on a 4-year basis. With Army ground assets estimated to number at over 500,000, statistical sampling of equipment and installations was determined to be the most effective means to meet this requirement. Starting in FY2015, the Integrated Logistics Support Center (ILSC) at the Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM), working with Tank Automotive Research, Development, and Engineering Center (TARDEC), contracted Elzly Technology Corporation (Elzly) to develop a methodology to perform these surveys and catalog the assessment data. From January 2015 through May 2018, Elzly and ILSC personnel have visited 22 installations, inspected over 8,200 assets, recorded corrosion or coating damage on over 121,000 parts, and have cataloged over 180,000 photos of parts with corrosion and coating damage (surveys continue today). As part of the
Ault, J. PeterScott Porter, Thomas SandersRepp, JohnPike, Timothy
ABSTRACT Autonomous driving is emerging as the future of transportation recently. For autonomous driving to be safe and reliable the perception sensors need sufficient vision in sometimes challenging operating conditions including dust, dirt, and moisture or during inclement weather. LiDAR perception sensors used in certain autonomous driving solutions require both a clean and dry sensor screen to effectively operate in a safe manner. In this paper, UV durable Hydrophobic (UVH) coatings were developed to improve LiDAR sensing performance. A lab testbed was successfully constructed to evaluate UVH coatings and uncoated control samples for LiDAR sensor under the simulated weathering conditions, including fog, rain, mud, and bug. In addition, a mobile testbed was developed in partnership with North Dakota State University (NDSU) to evaluate the UVH coatings in an autonomous moving vehicle under different weathering conditions. These UV-durable easy-to-clean coatings with high optical
Zhao, YuejunHellerman, Edward A.Lu, SongweiSelekwa, Majura
Abstract Line2Line’s patented abradable powder surface coatings are a mechanism by which clearance between mating components is reduced, and the tribological properties of the interacting surfaces can be improved. The following discussion presents the modeling efforts targeting the numerical analysis of abradable powder piston skirt coatings. This study employs the Cylinder-Kit Analysis System for Engines (CASE) by Mid-Michigan Research to model the performance enhancements offered by abradable powder coatings as applied to piston skirts. Two piston models were generated for the purposes of this analysis, one with the post-run stock reference geometry and coating, as supplied by the manufacturer, and the second having the Line2Line post-run coated geometry. The pistons modeled had been installed within two separate Cummins R2.8 L turbo diesel engines, both of which were subject to several hours of runtime. The primary finding of the current study is that the Line2Line abradable powder
Nicklowitz, DanielSchock, HaroldSuman, AndyLowe, JimWood, Ai LeGrande
ABSTRACT Active thermography has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for detection of near-surface corrosion hidden under paint, as well as hidden material loss due to corrosion. Compared to established point inspection techniques (e.g. ultrasound, eddy current), thermography offers fast, wide-area inspection of flat or curved surfaces that does not require direct contact or coupling. In its simplest form, it can be used to perform qualitative inspection using a heat gun or lamp and an uncooled IR camera. Recent developments in thermographic signal processing, coupled with improved IR camera and thermal excitation technology have resulted in significant advances in resolution, sensitivity and probability of detection of near and far-surface corrosion, and the ability to perform quantitative characterization of corrosion
Shepard, StevenBeemer, Maria
ABSTRACT Lip seals are vital components that serve two primary purposes – keep liquids/lubricants in and keep sand/contaminants out. An additional task is to confine pressure. Test study results indicate that self-polishing Additive Abradable Graphite Coatings (AAGC’s) will protect sealed rotating components from sand, and extend lubricant maintenance interval on gearboxes, PTO’s, and the like. Citation: A. Andrew Suman, “Improve Lip Seal Performance and Increase Sand Resistance With A Low Cost Graphite Shaft Coating”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 13-15, 2019
Suman, AndrewSilvey, TomSmith, Zachary
ABSTRACT Additive/Abradable Powder Coatings (AAPC’s) are field proven, thick, solid film graphite coatings that wear in to the ideal functional geometry of mechanical components. Lubed or dry, devices lap in and run with minimized clearance and friction for highest efficiency, quietest operation, and longest life in sandy environments. AAPC’s will improve military readiness, reduce sustainment costs, and cut components logistics and fuel consumption. Processing is easy, robust and effective on new and used components in prototyping, production and remanufacturing. Worn components can be restored in theater to achieve durable, ‘better than new’ performance levels. Applications include turbos, IC pistons, lube pumps, hydraulics, roots blowers, screw compressors, refrigerant compressors, lip seal seats, and others. This paper will focus on the AAPC benefits observed on pistons and turbo compressor housings
Suman, Andrew
ABSTRACT Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing often results in defective parts due to non-uniform temperature distribution during fabrication. To mitigate this issue, the authors recently introduced SmartScan, an intelligent method that employs modeling and optimization to generate scan sequences that improve temperature uniformity. However, the previous version of SmartScan could only be applied to single layers. This paper presents an extension of SmartScan to three-dimensional parts by adjusting the thermal model and optimization objective. Through simulations and experiments involving fabricating AISI 316L stainless steel parts, the study demonstrates that the proposed SmartScan approach significantly improves temperature uniformity, reduces part distortion, and mitigates residual stress, as compared to conventional heuristic sequences. Citation: C. He, C. E. Okwudire, “Scan Sequence Optimization for Reduced Residual Stress and Distortion in PBF Additive
He, ChuanOkwudire, Chinedum E.
ABSTRACT The U.S. Army - GVSC Materials Characterization and Failure Analysis team conducted a preliminary study in FY18 to address the issue of galvanic and pitting corrosion of U.S. Army ground vehicle system (GVS) structural surfaces. The objective of this study was to develop a permanent coating solution to supplement the existing corrosion protective coating of zinc rich primer and CARC paint, and extend the lifecycle of the armor. Twenty-five permanent, 0.1 inch layer, additively manufactured (AM) coated coupons of deposited Stellite 6 cobalt alloy on MIL-STD-46100 High Hard (HH) armor steel blocks were produced for cyclic testing using an un-optimized set of parameters. These coupons were subjected to a twenty-four week study in accelerated corrosive conditions of a fog spray chamber alongside primer-CARC coated and uncoated coupons. The resulting study showed no signs of pitting corrosion in the surface of the AM coated coupons, and minimal galvanic corrosion. Citation: I
Toppler, Ian JSchleh, Daniel CRomero, Claudio Gutierrez
ABSTRACT Military vehicle survivability can be enhanced by implementing Lightweight Fuel Tanks with an Engineered Self-Sealing and Energy Absorbing solution. A thin walled plastic or aluminum fuel tank with an outer self-sealing protection coating and a properly installed ballistic baffle provide increased sealing performance as compared to amour protected fuel tank. Design features include reduced weight penalty, survivability, self-sealing against kinetic energy threats, maximum fuel in space claim, flexible design, and low tooling charges. Citation: Stuck, LW, “Self Sealing Fuel Tanks in Vehicles Without Armor”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 10-12, 2021
Stuck, Larry
Super Duplex Stainless Steels (SDSS) are attracting attentions of the manufacturing industries due to the excellent corrosion resistance to critical corrosion. But SDSS2507 is the hardest to machine with lowest machinability index among DSS family. Moreover, formation of built-up layer (BUL) and work hardening tendency makes it further difficult to machine. Researchers have the conflict in opinions on using wet machining or dry machining using tool coatings. In this investigation SDSS2507 machining is carried out using uncoated and PVD–TiAlSiN-coated tools. The wet and dry machining environment are compared for increase in cutting speed from 170 m/min to 230 m/min. Excellent properties of PVD–TiAlSiN coatings exhibited microhardness of 39 GPa and adhesion strength of 88 N, which outperformed the uncoated tools. Tool life exhibited by coated tools was four times higher than uncoated tools. Wet machining was found to be ineffective when PVD-coated tools are used, exhibiting the same
Sonawane, Gaurav DinkarBachhav, Radhey
Butterflies can see more of the world than humans, including more colors and the field oscillation direction, or polarization, of light. This special ability enables them to navigate with precision, forage for food, and communicate with one another. Other species, like the mantis shrimp, can sense an even wider spectrum of light, as well as the circular polarization, or spinning states, of light waves. They use this capability to signal a “love code,” which helps them find and be discovered by mates
An ultrathin coating was developed that contradicts a physics phenomenon of materials related to thermal radiation: The hotter an object gets, the brighter it glows. The new coating is engineered from samarium nickel oxide, a unique tunable material. The coating “breaks” the relationship between temperature and thermal radiation; essentially, there is a temperature range within which the power of the thermal radiation emitted by the coating stays the same
Vehicle light-weighting constitutes a critical component in the automotive sector’s drive to improve fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among the various options for lightweight materials, thermoplastic foams are distinguished by their durability, low weight, and environmental sustainability. This study explores the manufacturing of novel graphene-filled polypropylene (PP) foam, employing supercritical nitrogen as an eco-friendly substitute instead of conventional chemical foaming agents, and investigated the role of over-molding a solid skin over a foamed core on the flexural strength of the molded component. Our approach is broken down into four distinct investigations—Study I investigated the effect of different graphene content by weight percentage (wt.%), namely 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%, on flexural properties and foam morphology obtained for 15 wt.% reduction of the PP thermoplastic, thereby helping identify an optimum graphene loading wt.%. Study II broadened the wt
Pradeep, Sai AdityaDeshpande, Amit MakarandShah, BhavikKhan, SaidaFarahani, SaeedSternberg, JamesLi, GangPilla, Srikanth
From televisions to smartphones, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are finding their way into many everyday devices. For use in displays, blue OLEDs are also required to supplement the primary colors — red and green. Especially in blue OLEDs, impurities give rise to strong electrical losses, which could be partly circumvented by using highly complex and expensive device layouts
Today, almost all passenger vehicles are equipped with Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) systems to provide thermal comfort to occupants. To enhance cabin cooling down rate, two approaches are possible viz. increasing the MAC system capacity or reducing heat ingress into the vehicle cabin. The first approach is likely to have a negative impact on energy efficiency. The latter approach considers the deployment of alternate passive cabin cooling technologies. Among these, the deployment of uniquely developed coatings on metal, plastic and glass surfaces of the cabin is one option. The assessment of such coatings is usually done only at severe ambient conditions (>40°C), which may not be sufficient. These coatings need to be validated across all climatic seasons of the year, for assessing their effectiveness on passenger thermal comfort. The current work along with simulation studies, takes into account additional parameters such as the ‘feeling of hotness’ when one enters a hot-soaked cabin
Deshmukh, GaneshKulkarni, Shridhar DilipraoVarma, MohitJaybhay, SambhajiKapoor, SangeetTilekar, Pravin
EV motors and transmissions operate at high speeds and handle high power densities, placing heavy demands on bearings, seals, and gears. TEHD and meshless CFD simulations open new ways to the design and optimization of lubrication and thermal management solutions for EV transmissions and e-axles. Properly parametrized CAE models can provide valuable insights into the effects of different lubricant properties on cooling and lubrication efficiencies, thereby helping in matching the lubricant and hardware characteristics for optimal performance. In the present communication, we demonstrate the effects of different lubricants and surface finishing technologies on the tribology of high-speed gears using tribological tests and simulations. Important roles of lubricity additives and surface finish optimization are highlighted in conjunction with a move towards ultralow viscosity fluids
Zhmud, BorisMerelli, Michele
This specification covers the requirements for black oxide coatings on parts
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
Many performance sport passenger vehicles use drilled or grooved cast iron brake rotors for a better braking performance or a cosmetic reason. Such brake rotors would unfortunately cause more brake dust emission, appearing with dirty wheel rims. To better understand the effects of such brake rotors on particle emission, a pin-on-disc tribometer with two particle emission measurement devices was used to monitor and collect the emitted airborne particles. The first device was an aerodynamic particle sizer, which is capable of measuring particles ranging from 0.5 to 20 μm. The second device was a condensation particle counter, which measures and collects particles from 4 nm to 3 μm. The testing samples were scaled-down brake discs (100 mm in diameter) against low-metallic brake pads. Two machined surface conditions (plain and grooved) with uncoated or ceramic-coated friction surfaces were selected for the investigation. The results showed that the grooved friction surface led to a higher
Cai, RanNie, XueyuanLyu, YezheWahlström, Jens
A soft, flexible film senses the presence of nearby objects without physically touching them. The study features the new sensor technology to detect eyelash proximity in blink-tracking glasses
This research explores the experimental analysis of titanium alloy using an innovative approach involving a 2–7% carbon nanotube (CNT)-infused cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel. Employing a full-factorial design, the study systematically investigates the interactions among varied wheel speed, workpiece feed rate, and depth of cut, revealing compelling insights. The integration of CNTs in the CBN grinding wheel enhances the machining performance of titanium alloy, known for its high strength and challenging machinability. The experiment varies CNT infusion levels to assess their impact on material removal rate (MRR) and surface finish. Significantly, MRR is influenced by CNT content, with 5% and above demonstrating optimal performance. The 7% CNT-CBN wheel exhibits a remarkable 61% improvement in MRR over the conventional CBN wheel. Interaction studies highlight the pivotal role of depth of cut, indicating that slower speeds and feeds, combined with increased depth of cut
Stephen, Deborah SerenadeSethuramalingam, Prabhu
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) covers the requirements for the types of glass to be utilized in the fabrication of cover glasses and lighting wedges used in aerospace instruments. It defines the maximum extent of physical defects and recommends standard methods of inspection and evaluation. Definitions of terminology used in this document are covered in 2.2
A-20A Crew Station Lighting
As aerospace engineers push the boundaries of new frontiers, the need for advanced materials that can withstand the rigorous demands of these advanced applications is relentless. These materials go beyond functionality; it is about ensuring reliability in the skies, where failure is not an option. Fluorosilicone can help do exactly that. In the 1960s, the U.S. Air Force noticed that conventional silicone-based sealants, coatings, and other components degraded rapidly when exposed to fuels, de-icing fluids, and other hydrocarbon-based solvents. Dimethyl-based silicones are non-polar and easily absorb hydrocarbon-based solvents, which may result in material swelling, mechanical weakening, and ultimately, failure
This specification covers the requirements for producing a zinc phosphate coating on ferrous alloys and the properties of the coating
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
The present work highlights the significance of nanocomposite coatings for their ease of processing and applicability in combating corrosion. Ongoing research is dedicated to the development of an effective nanocomposite hydrophobic coating. A hydrophobic nanocomposite coating was deposited on galvanized iron (GI) using a sol-gel route with polymethylsiloxane (PDMS) reinforced with nano-SiO2. Surface morphology and chemical composition analysis, conducted with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDAX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), revealed the coating’s structural and compositional attributes. The resulting hydrophobic coating exhibits a water contact angle (WCA) of 104.1°, indicating a 30.45% increase compared to bare GI. Subsequent to these characterizations, the adhesion of the coated GI, rated as 4B per ASTM D3359, is followed by commendable resistance to corrosion, as evidenced by electrochemical tests. The corrosion rate
Kumar, PrakashRamesh, M.R.Doddamani, Mrityunjay
This document establishes the requirements for the sequencing of processes relating to parts fabricated from 300M or 4340 modified steel heat treated to, or to be heat treated to, 270,000 psi (1860 MPa) minimum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and higher
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
This SAE practice is intended for the sample preparation of test pieces for automotive wheels and wheel trim. The practice provides a consistent scribing method for use on test panels and or component parts with substrate chemical pretreatment and coating systems. Test specimens can then be subjected to various corrosion tests in order to evaluate performance without significant variations of the degree of exposure of the substrate. The scribing is used to create a break in the coating/finishing as can occur in the field through gravel and other damaging conditions. NOTE— Significant variability is attributed to surface contour, coating hardness/softness, operator reproducibility, and the scribing tool and it’s condition
Wheel Standards Committee
Making a Miata feel at home off-road takes ingenuity and some help from modern 3D-printing tech. I have always loved off-road racing. I love the innovation, grit and determination it takes to get across the finish line after 250, 500 or even 1,000 miles (402, 805 or 1,609 km) of racing. I have also always loved Miatas. I bought my first NA in 1994 and never looked back. I currently own a 2004 Mazdaspeed Miata and a 2001 lifted Miata
Hall, Emme
Researchers have created a flexible paper-based sensor that operates like the human brain. They fabricated a photo-electronic artificial synapse device composed of gold electrodes on top of a 10 μm transparent film consisting of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs
Thermo-mechanical fatigue and natural aging due to environmental conditions are challenging to simulate in an actual test with advanced fiber-reinforced composites, where their fatigue and aging behavior are little understood. Predictive modeling of these processes is challenging. Thermal cyclic tests take a prohibitively long time, although the strain rate effect can be scaled well for accelerating the mechanical stress cycles. Glass fabric composites have important applications in pipes, aircraft, and spacecraft structures, including microwave transparent structures, impact-resistant parts of the wing, fuselage deck and many other load-bearing structures. Often additional additively manufactured features and coatings on glass fabric composites are employed for thermal and anti-corrosion insulations. In this paper, we employ a thermo-mechanical fatigue model based on an accelerated fatigue test and life prediction under hot-to-cold cycles. Thermo-mechanical strain-controlled stress
Kancherla, Kishore BabuB S, DakshayiniRaju, BenjaminRoy Mahapatra, Debiprosad
This specification establishes the requirements for a hard anodic coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the nomenclature for surface finishes commonly used for sheet and strip in aerospace material specifications. It is applicable to steel and to iron, nickel, cobalt, and titanium base alloys
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 5395