Browse Topic: Waste disposal
Manufacturing and servicing facilities in space are (finally) moving from the pages of science fiction to reality. For decades, we've seen movies with scenes of spacecraft being created and serviced in beautifully rendered factories with Earth in the background. And many more ideas have come from authors imagining bold futures where humanity does everything from creating giant nets of satellites to massive, spinning space stations. Some might lament that, back in reality, we’ve come so far with our achievements in space yet fallen short of the brightest visions. How can we have landed on the Moon 50 years ago and still be scrapping billion-dollar satellites when they run out of fuel? However, there’s good reason to believe that the space industry is almost done laying the foundations that will let us move from science fiction to engineering reality
With the advent of this new era of electric-driven automobiles, the simulation and virtual digital twin modeling world is now embarking on new sets of challenges. Getting key insights into electric motor behavior has a significant impact on the net output and range of electric vehicles. In this paper, a complete 3D CFD model of an Electric Motor is developed to understand its churning losses at different operating speeds. The simulation study details how the flow field develops inside this electric motor at different operating speeds and oil temperatures. The contributions of the crown and weld endrings, crown and weld end-windings, and airgap to the net churning loss are also analyzed. The oil distribution patterns on the end-windings show the effect of the centrifugal effect in scrapping oil from the inner structures at higher speeds. Also, the effect of the sump height with higher operating speeds are also analyzed. The net churning losses obtained from the simulations are compared
Scrap collection from any location is handled with mortal interference in several places and companies which may be extremely harmful or even dangerous to humanity. The demand for robotization has risen rapidly in recent years, owing to cutting-edge technologies that minimize manpower and threat-taking training directly or indirectly. The main objective of the paper is to study, analyze, investigate the main contribution of waste collecting by workers while cleaning in the Mechanical Industry. In order to ensure the safety of the workers during cleaning we had implemented the Automatic Trash Collecting Machine in the industry. For Fabricating the Trash collecting Machine first we had analyzed the problem in the industry and then we had started the free hand sketch of Trash Collecting Machine. Then the design work of Automatic Trash Collecting Machine is done in the modeling software Catia V5. Then the material selection for our model has been done. We had taken the mild steel for the
Single-use diagnostic tests often aren’t practical for health professionals or patients in resource-limited areas, where cost and waste disposal are big concerns. So, researchers reporting in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces have turned to a surprising material, Tootsie Roll® candy, to develop an inexpensive and low-waste device. The candy was used as an electrode, the part of the sensor that detects salt and electrolyte levels in saliva, to monitor ovulation status or kidney health
In the aerospace industry, components are subjected to harsh operating environments. Extremes of temperature, corrosive particulate matter in the air, friction and a variety of operating factors combine to increase the risk of wear and tear, corrosion, and damage
The chemistry identification system is intended to support the proper and efficient recycling of rechargeable battery systems used in transportation applications with a maximum voltage greater than or equal to 12 V. These applications include propulsion, starting/lighting/ignition, and providing power to other vehicle equipment. Other battery systems such as non-rechargeable batteries, batteries in electronics, and telecom/utility batteries are not considered in the development of this specification. This does not preclude these systems from adapting the format proposed if they so choose
Spinoff is NASA’s annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources
Increasing use of electronic devices in consumables and new technologies for the Internet of Things will increase the amount of electronic scrap. To save resources and minimize waste volumes, an eco-friendlier production and more sustainable lifecycle will be needed
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) covers the generation of used phosphate ester aviation hydraulic fluid (AS1241) that is deemed waste because it does not meet in-service limits for use in aircraft. This document also lists the relevant United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) regulations on used hydraulic fluid that are in force at the time of this report's publication. Regulations of other countries as well as those for states and municipalities should be consulted prior to initiating any of the waste disposal recommendations listed here
Spinoff is NASA’s annual publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. This commercialization has contributed to the development of products and services in the fields of health and medicine, consumer goods, transportation, public safety, computer technology, and environmental resources
This document establishes the minimum curriculum requirements for training, practical assessments, and certifying composite structure repair personnel and metalbond repair personnel. It establishes criteria for the certification of personnel requiring appropriate knowledge of the technical principles underlying the composite structural repairs and/or metalbond they perform. Persons certified under this document may be eligible for licensing/certification/qualification by an appropriate authority, in addition to this industry accepted technician certification. Teaching levels have been assigned to the curriculum to define the knowledge, skills, and abilities graduates will need to make repairs to composite or metalbond structure. Minimum hours of instruction have been provided to ensure adequate coverage of all subject matter including lecture and laboratory. These minimums may be exceeded and may include an increase in the total number of training hours and/or increases in the teaching
In order to compensate energy demand while with replacement of fossil fuels at least to some extent, the development of alternative energy sources is evitable. Global warming and waste management policies have forced for the use of alternative fuels on engines. The production of fuel from plastic wastes will indeed tackle the environmental pollution problem of waste plastic management in the landfills. Plastics being derived from petrochemical source has higher amount of hydrocarbon which yield oil with high calorific value. Engine tests have been carried out using neat waste plastic oil and blends of waste plastic oil in proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75% with diesel as fuel. Combinatorial mathematics based approach has been adapted to choose the optimum blend for superior performance of the engine. Carbon hydrogen nitrogen sulphur analysis of waste plastic oil blends reveals that the amount of oxygen increases with increase in waste plastic oil percentage in blends. Results of
One of the globally challenging issues today is Waste Utilization. The excessive accumulation of waste has created an uncomfortable pressure on not, just the habitant but on the environment as well. As a small step forward in contributing towards minimizing waste disposal, this study attempts to address the problem raised due to the disposal of waste cooking oil. Researchers found that Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) has a very good potential as a fuel for compression ignition engine and was therefore selected for this study. In the first phase of the work, behaviour of the test engine was studied with neat WCO at different power outputs. As the first modification, neat WCO was converted in to its methyl ester and tested in the same engine. Next, combustion chamber parts like piston and cylinder head, inlet and exhaust valves were coated with Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) and engine behaviour was studied. To make the study more interesting a thermal- stress analysis was done on the engine
This invention facilitates collection, storage, concentration, and drying of liquid or mixed liquid/solid waste material. The invention may serve as a portable toilet or may be used to dry biological specimens or concentrate water samples for analysis. It can replace diapers, special plastic bags, and airflow waste disposal systems used in space missions. The resulting products are clean, but not potable, water and dried, compacted, bagged material that may be human waste or other matter. The bag simplifies collection and reduces disposal cost
The automotive industry have become more and more interested in recovering waste heat from internal combustion engines, especially with future, tighter fuel and CO2 emission regulations in sight. In this study, we consider an automotive Rankine Waste Heat Recovery System on a long-haulage truck. This system transforms some of the combustion engine's waste heat into useful energy, but it still needs to return remaining heat to the surrounding, either through a direct condenser or from an indirect condenser via a Low Temperature Radiator, and this in the regular cooling module of the vehicle. We focus on the integration of WHR-dedicated LTR or condenser into a generic, conventional truck-cooling module with an AC condenser, a cross-flow Charge Air Cooler, a down-flow High Temperature Radiator, and a fan. WHR cooling concepts considered are an indirect system with LTR; either in front or back of CAC, a direct system with condenser either in front or back of CAC. In addition, there is a
Electric powered vehicles rely on electric heater to heat the cabin of the vehicle. These heaters consume electric energy from the battery and cause depletion of the vehicle's range by 20∼40%. In order to extend the range of electric vehicles, we need to increase the efficiency of HVAC. EV has waste heat but the heat power is much lesser than internal combustion engine and heat source is separated physically. In order to utilize waste heat to achieve better efficiency, heat collection, heat insulation, pre-heating are necessary. Based on the new concept system, we examined the effects of fuel efficiency
This is a general curriculum that has been developed to identify the minimum knowledge and skill requirements of a composite and/or metal bond repair technician/specialist. This revision changes the document from an all-inclusive curriculum into a modular set of curricula. Teaching levels have been assigned to the curriculum to define the knowledge, skills and abilities graduates will need to make composite repairs. Minimum hours of instruction have been provided to ensure adequate coverage of all subject matter - lecture and laboratory. These minimums may be exceeded, and may include an increase in the total number of training hours and/or increases in the teaching levels. Each curriculum is a subpart of this document. Part 1 is the basic curriculum independent of product and is the companion to ARP6262 Part 2 is the aircraft specific curriculum and is currently under development and will be released in the next revision to this document. Part 3 is the metal bond specific curriculum
The task of chemical process operator in the parts cleaning area is generally considered unskilled labor and in the past, little or no training had been provided or recommended. Since overhaul cleaning is a critical process step prior to visual and fluorescent penetrant inspection processes, consideration must be given to minimum levels of training for these process operators. It is the responsibility of the department supervisor to ensure that all personnel within the department are trained to acceptable level in all general aspects of health and safety and basic operating procedures. This document is intended to augment the local quality control system which will control the application and frequency of the guidelines stated within
The chemistry identification system is intended to support the proper and efficient recycling of rechargeable battery systems used in transportation applications with a maximum voltage greater than 12V (including SLI batteries). Other battery systems such as non-rechargeable batteries, batteries contained in electronics, and telecom/utility batteries are not considered in the development of this specification. This does not preclude these systems from adapting the format proposed if they so choose
Elastomeric modifiers have been commonly used in friction lining compounds to provide resilience, stability of frictional characteristics, reduced wear and improved fade resistance as well as providing some level of noise and vibration dampening. Thermal and frictional characteristics according to SAE J2430 will be compared between friction linings made with a virgin powder of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (P-SBR), a powder of reclaimed Styrene Butadiene Rubber (Tire Scrap) and a highly defined morphology powder of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (DM-NBR). Unique performance advantages of friction linings made with higher loading levels of DM-NBR powder and reduced copper content will also be discussed
Die pre-heating has a beneficial effect on die life, by reducing thermal shock and stress fluctuations on the die surface. The findings from this paper indicate that the die surface stress decreased by 44% when the die is pre-heated to 150°C, and decreases by 57% when the die is pre-heated to 200°C, in comparison to when the die is started "cold" with an initial temperature of 20°C. Changes to the die start-up procedure, by switching off the die internal water cooling for the first four casting cycles, results in the die heating to operating temperature in fewer casting cycles, resulting in fewer castings being scrapped before the die achieves steady state operating temperature. From this, a saving of four castings per start-up can be made, reducing scrap by 4.5%, leading to lower manufacturing costs, reduced energy usage and increased useful die life. The modified die start-up procedure had a negligible effect on the die surface stress fluctuation, with a beneficial reduction in scrap
Aluminum wheel manufacturing involves several investments: acquiring bulk material, casting/forging, machining, polishing and painting. The painting process inevitably produces paint rejects which are normally reclaimed by various paint stripping methods, each with its own unique set of advantages and disadvantages. This paper contrasts four commercially available paint stripping methods and their impacts on health, environment and safety (HES), aluminum material properties and the performance of a repainted wheel. The comprehensive study compares the effects of the four most common commercially available paint stripping methods - a low boiling point solvent, an acid stripper, an inorganic process at high temperature and an organic fluid. HES and safety aspects are reviewed (worker health and safety, local regulations and waste disposal). Aluminum material properties after each paint stripping method were measured: grain structure (x-ray diffraction and optical microscopy), surface
This recommended practice provides a method for establishing the rated or advertised fuel capacity for a vehicle utilizing liquid fuel at atmospheric pressure. It applies to passenger cars, multi-purpose passenger vehicles and light duty trucks (10 000 lb (4536 kg) maximum GVW), (Ref. SAE J1100). It also includes a standardized procedure for creating a full tank when another test requires that condition as a starting point. It is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances
Elastomeric modifiers have been commonly used in friction lining compounds to provide resilience, stability of frictional characteristics, reduced wear and improved fade resistance as well as providing some level of noise and vibration dampening. Thermal and frictional characteristics according to SAE J2430 will be compared between friction linings made with a virgin powder of Styrene Butadiene Rubber (P-SBR), a powder of reclaimed Styrene Butadiene Rubber (Tire Scrap) and a highly defined morphology powder of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (DM-NBR). Unique performance advantages of friction linings made with higher loading levels of DM-NBR powder and reduced copper content will also be discuossed
Within Australia there are seven States and two Territories, each with their own Government Authority which were until recently all using slightly different criteria to define the criteria between a Repairable Write-Off (RWO) and a Statutory Write-Off (SWO). Under the national framework for the management of Written-Off Vehicle's (WOV's) developed by the National Motor Vehicle Theft Reduction Council (NMVTRC) any collision, fire, water or weather-event damaged vehicle declared by an insurer to be a total loss must be classified to be either a SWO or RWO. Under the current Australian regime a SWO may only be sold subject to a statutory restriction that it may only be used for parts or scrap metal. A RWO may be repaired and re-registered subject to the vehicle passing specific safety and identification inspections. A set of State and Territory based technical criteria determine when a WOV should be classified an SWO. A national workshop in June 2009 resolved that the pre-2010 criteria
We herewith would like to consider the reasons which led to research and development of automotive leather which could be not only chrome-free but also Metal-free 1 and aldehyde-free. Thus our target has been to prepare a product able to match product features and performance requirements in line with chrome-tanned leathers. All limits have been overcome so far regarding alternative types of tannage such as wet white and there is complete compliance with continual evolution of rules, regulations and laws referring to environmental and health issues. A description of the new stages of leather processing, together with the most defining features of the new product and its process for accomplishment will follow highlighting the most significant differences with traditional processes outside automotive, too (chrome, wet white, vegetable leather). Different processes are then analyzed and compared highlighting consumption (of water and chemical products), processing times and polluting
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