Browse Topic: Total life cycle management

Items (94)
ABSTRACT Department of Defense (DoD) systems are often highly complex, costly and have extraordinarily long life cycles. Due to these characteristics requirements that these systems will need to meet over their life cycle are highly uncertain. To meet future requirements more rapidly at a lower cost requires an understanding of how to manage uncertainty and architecture to make these complex systems more flexible, adaptable and affordable. This paper proposes an alternative approaches to traditional development through managing uncertainty and architecture in an iterative fashion with decision analysis methods. Several specific methods and tools are discussed to include: Influence Diagrams, Design of Experiments, Design Structure Matrix and Target-Oriented Utility. Collectively the approach identifies the component and architectural drivers of cost in military systems
Bordley, RobertPeterson, TroySamson, Frederick
ABSTRACT Systems change over time. Sometimes this is planned as in the normal maintenance, planned upgrades, refits and modifications to keep a system fit for purpose and ready to deploy. There may also be multiple allowable configurations of a system providing flexibility to meet different operational needs. Sometimes the changes are not planned. This can be due to complete system failure, component failure, accidental or deliberate damage, as well as unforeseen operational needs. Whatever the reason for the change, the “To-Be” configuration of the system needs to be captured, analyzed and evaluated to ensure it will meet the projected operational need. Systems engineering and trade-off analysis also need to be performed to ensure that the best configuration of the system has been specified regarding time, cost, system effectiveness, as well as a host of other criteria. Additionally, it is not sufficient to simply model the system configurations. It is necessary to show how a
Hause, Matthew
ABSTRACT BAE Systems Combat Simulation and Integration Labs (CSIL) are a culmination of more than 14 years of operational experience at our SIL facility in Santa Clara. The SIL provides primary integration and test functions over the entire life cycle of a combat vehicle’s development. The backbone of the SIL operation is the Simulation-Emulation-Stimulation (SES) process. The SES process has successfully supported BAE Systems US Combat Systems (USCS) SIL activities for many government vehicle development programs. The process enables SIL activities in vehicle design review, 3D virtual prototyping, human factor engineering, and system & subsystem integration and test. This paper describes how CSIL applies the models, software, and hardware components in a hardware-in-the-loop environment to support USCS combat vehicle development in the system integration lab
Lin, TCChang, KevinJohnson, ChristopherNaghshineh, KasraKwon, SungLi, Hsi Shang
ABSTRACT Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach that concentrates on the design and application of the whole as distinct from the parts. For complex systems, this includes the challenge that the behavior of the system as a whole is not intuitively understood by understanding the components. Classic System Engineering models establish a perception of a beginning and an end of the systems engineering process. Unfortunately, a long period between product launch and discovery of unexpected behavior for systems may occur with a protracted lifecycle. A Systems Engineering approach based upon the “control theory” model establishes a high correlation between interdisciplinary models to facilitate feedback throughout the system lifecycle to tune capabilities to user satisfaction. This close coupling extends well beyond tracing of requirements to qualification testing fulfillment as practiced in the traditional “V” model. The system itself is a traceability link providing lifecycle
Dorny, JonathanMiller, Tim
ABSTRACT Military ground vehicles often have service lives that exceed their original design targets. For this reason, these vehicles typically require technology upgrades during their useful life. When considering design trade-offs, both mature as well as less mature or developing technologies need to be considered against the anticipated service life for the vehicle. Early adoption of technologies that are not sufficiently mature can result in operational reliability and availability issues and increased sustainment costs. However, failure to anticipate technology refresh requirements during the original design phase may result in a platform that cannot be cost effectively upgraded as technology or functional requirements change, limiting the functionality and utility. This paper presents an Innovation Based Design (IBD) process as part of a systems engineering approach that facilitates technology refresh cycles via platform remanufacturing throughout the life of the platform. The
Thurston, MichaelHaselkorn, MichaelNasr, Nabil
ABSTRACT Traditionally, the life cycle management of military vehicle fleets is a lengthy and costly process involving maintenance crews completing numerous and oftentimes unnecessary inspections and diagnostics tests. Recent technological advances have allowed for the automation of life cycle management processes of complex systems. In this paper, we present our process for applying artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the life cycle management of military vehicle fleets, using a Ground Vehicle fleet. We outline the data processing and data mapping methodologies needed for generating AI/ML model training data. We then use AI and ML methods to refine our training sets and labels. Finally, we outline a Random Forest classification model for identifying system failures and associated root causes. Our evaluation of the Random Forest model results show that our approach can predict system failures and associated root causes with 96% accuracy
Kern, Maxwell C.Cengic, Arif
This document provides an overview of currently available and need to be developed modeling and simulation capabilities required for implementing robust and reliable Aerospace WDM LAN applications
AS-3 Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics Committee
The scope of this SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) is to describe the considerations for requirements, specifications, and framework of digital thread in the aircraft product life cycle management. This document is not intended to define an overarching rendition of implementation-dependent features around software or architecture
G-31 Digital Transactions for Aerospace
SAE TA-HB-0007-1A is an integral part of the following suite of documents, which are meant to be used together: SAE TA-STD-0017A, Product Support Analysis, SAE GEIA-STD-0007C, Logistics Product Data, SAE GEIA-HB-0007B, Logistics Product Data Handbook, and SAE TA-HB-0007-1A. MIL-HDBK-502A, Product Support Analysis provides additional guidance and instruction applicable to United States DoD programs. SAE TA-STD-0017A Product Support Analysis is a standard which prescribes a set of analysis activities for designing support and supporting the design of a product. MIL-HDBK-502A provides DoD users with implementation guidance for SAE TA-STD-0017A. The results of the analysis are Logistics Product Data. SAE GEIA-HB-0007B is a companion handbook to SAE GEIA-STD-0007C. The handbook provides standard guidance (i.e., how to), data population during life cycle phases, tailoring, contracting, data selection, a data map, and detailed information on data development for key and major fields (LCN
LCLS Life Cycle Logistics Supportability
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes general requirements and descriptions of specific activities for the performance of LORA during the life cycle of products or equipment. When these requirements and activities are performed in a logical and iterative nature, they constitute the LORA process
LCLS Life Cycle Logistics Supportability
Energy efficiency investment is commonly thought to be poor for business. The analysis presented here uses current cost data to demonstrate that there is plenty of room to improve the energy efficiency of cars from the current 25.7 miles per gallon (mpg) or 20%. Investing in the optimum yields an excellent return of over 22% on the owner’s investment in the improved efficiency. A model for the initial cost of a car was developed to accurately predict (within 10% for the majority of over 90% of the data for gasoline and hybrid cars) the initial cost as a function of power output and fuel efficiency. Minimizing total life cycle costs produces an optimum fuel efficiency ranging from 62 mpg to 82 mpg (48% to 64%) as gasoline prices vary from $5 to $10 per gallon, respectively. The higher efficiencies result in fuel savings with corresponding reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, investing in energy efficiency is not only a good business decision, but it also makes for a more
Zietlow, David C.
Vehicles consume energy and release harmful emissions throughout their life period from the manufacturing stage of raw materials to the vehicle scrapyard. The current Green-House Gas (GHG) emissions from diesel and petrol vehicles are reported to be 164 g CO2/km and 156 g CO2/km respectively. Thus, enormous research studies are been carried out for low-carbon alternative fuel-powered vehicles to reduce the overall GHG emissions. Numerous research on hydrogen as a transportation fuel has demonstrated the potential of reduced vehicular emissions compared to conventional fuels. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a comprehensive methodology used for estimating the overall environmental impact of vehicles. In this present work, a comparative LCA is conducted between Compressed Natural gas (CNG) powered vehicles and H-CNG powered vehicles. The effect of the two alternative vehicles is assessed from various points in their lifetime using the GREET model software. The analysis is done in two
N, VinithkrishnaR, Deepak NarayananG N, Ashwin Ram
This Standard specifies the Habitability processes throughout planning, design, development, test, production, use and disposal of a system. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring of this standard may be applied. The primary goals of a contractor Habitability program include: Ensuring that the system design complies with the customer Habitability requirements and that discrepancies are reported to management and the customer. Identifying, coordinating, tracking, prioritizing, and resolving Habitability risks and issues and ensuring that they are: ○ Reflected in the contractor proposal, budgets, and plans ○ Raised at design, management, and program reviews ○ Debated in Working Group meetings ○ Coordinated with Training, Logistics, and the other HSI disciplines ○ Included appropriately in documentation and deliverable data items Ensuring that Habitability requirements are applied to all personnel environments, including operators, maintainers, trainers
G-45 Human Systems Integration
This Human Systems Integration (HSI) Standard Practice identifies the Department of Defense (DoD) approach to conducting HSI programs as part of procurement activities. This Standard covers HSI processes throughout design, development, test, production, use, and disposal. Depending on contract phase and/or complexity of the program, tailoring should be applied. The scope of this standard includes prime and subcontractor HSI activities; it does not include Government HSI activities, which are covered in the DoD HSI Handbook. HSI programs should use the latest version of standards and handbooks listed below, unless a particular revision is specifically cited in the contract
G-45 Human Systems Integration
This document outlines a standard practice for conducting system safety. In some cases, these principles may be captured in other standards that apply to specific commodities such as commercial aircraft and automobiles. For example, those manufacturers that produce commercial aircraft should use SAE ARP4754 or SAE ARP4761 (see Section 2 below) to meet FAA or other regulatory agency system safety-related requirements. The system safety practice as defined herein provides a consistent means of evaluating identified risks. Mishap risk should be identified, evaluated, and mitigated to a level as low as reasonably practicable. The mishap risk should be accepted by the appropriate authority and comply with federal (and state, where applicable) laws and regulations, executive orders, treaties, and agreements. Program trade studies associated with mitigating mishap risk should consider total life cycle cost in any decision. This document is intended for use as one of the elements of project
G-48 System Safety
In the automobile industry, interest in the prevention of global warming has always been high. The development of eco cars (HV, EV etc.), aimed at reducing CO2 emissions during operation, has been progressing. In the announcement of its "Toyota Environmental Challenge 2050", Toyota declared its commitment to creating a future in which people, cars, and nature coexist in harmony. In this declaration, Toyota committed to reducing CO2 emissions not only during operation but also over the entire life cycle of vehicles, and to using resources effectively based on a 4 R’s approach (refuse, reduce, reuse, and recycle). Although eco cars decrease CO2 emissions during operation, most of them increase CO2 emissions during manufacturing. For example, the rare-earths (Nd, Dy etc.) used in the magnets of driving motors are extracted through processes that produce a significant amount of CO2 emissions. The common process for recycling the rare-earths used in magnets can recover high-purity rare
Isomura, Keisuke
This document describes a life cycle cost model for commercial aircraft composite structure. The term life cycle cost used herein, refers to the airline costs for maintenance, spares support, fuel, repair material and labor associated with composites after introduction into service and throughout its useful life. This document contains the equations that can be programmed into software which is used to estimate the total cost of ownership aircraft, including structure. Modification costs and operating costs are estimated over a specified life (any period up to 30 years). Modification costs include spares holding, training, support equipment, and other system related costs. Annual operating costs include: Schedule interruption, fuel, spares, insurance, and maintenance. Maintenance costs are separated by scheduled maintenance or unscheduled damage, or can by grouped into the typical organizations of line, shop, and hangar maintenance. This Lifecycle Cost allows users to evaluate the
AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
This handbook is intended to assist the user to understand the ANSI/EIA-649B standard principles and functions for Configuration Management (CM) and how to plan and implement effective CM. It provides CM implementation guidance for all users (CM professionals and practitioners within the commercial and industry communities, DoD, military service commands, and government activities (e.g., National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)) with a variety of techniques and examples. Information about interfacing with other management systems and processes are included to ensure the principles and functions are applied in each phase of the life cycle for all product categories
G-33 Configuration Management
The primary focus of this standard is information of interest to Configuration Management (CM) practitioners related to the performance of CM functions as products are conceived, proposed, defined, developed, produced, operated, maintained, modified, and disposed. This information is stored when generated and, from time to time, must be moved or shared with others. This standard, through the use of the Data Dictionary, defines real world things of interest to the CM practitioner, which are the foundation of the following CM functional areas, and are needed for effective data exchange and interoperability: Configuration Management Planning and Management Configuration Identification Configuration Change Management Configuration Audit Configuration Verification Configuration Status Accounting The Data Dictionary [21] defines terms that are used to define these objects of interest, which are listed below. Some of terms are considered to flow from applying CM principles or performing CM
G-33 Configuration Management
The Multi Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) developed by Magna International and Ford Motor Company is a result of a US Department of Energy project DE-EE0005574. The project demonstrates the lightweighting potential of a five passenger sedan, while maintaining vehicle performance and occupant safety. Prototype vehicles were manufactured and limited full vehicle testing was conducted. The Mach-I vehicle design, comprised of commercially available materials and production processes, achieved a 364kg (23.5%) full vehicle mass reduction, enabling the application of a 1.0-liter three-cylinder engine resulting in a significant environmental benefit and fuel reduction. The Regulation requirements such as the 2020 CAFE (Corporate Average Fuel Economy) standard, growing public demand, and increased fuel prices are pushing auto manufacturers worldwide to increase fuel economy through incorporation of lightweight materials in newly-designed vehicle structures. This paper is aimed at
Bushi, LinditaSkszek, TimothyWagner, David
This Bulletin is intended for use as a guide and defines the terms and definitions to be used during the development, documentation, verification, and delivery cycles of new and modified computer software. It lists and defines the most common terms currently used in the world of computer software configuration management. There has been no attempt to compete with some of the more formal documents in use within the software programming community
G-33 Configuration Management
These Protocols can be used for all forms of motorsports; however, only certain combinations of Green Racing Elements will result in motorsport competitions that are recognized as Green Racing events. As new information, fuels and technologies emerge, addendums or new protocols will be developed. The SAE International (SAE) Motorsports Engineering Activity is also an invaluable source of reference materials and ongoing technical advice providing access to the constantly evolving set of best safety and operational practices for current and emerging technologies. This is especially true with regard to high voltage safety and the adoption of other advanced propulsion and fuel system technologies
Green Racing Committee
This standard establishes general requirements and descriptions of specific activities for performance of LORA during the life cycle of products or equipment. When these requirements and activities are performed in a logical and iterative nature, they comprise the LORA process
LCLS Life Cycle Logistics Supportability
Advanced lightweight materials are increasingly being incorporated into new vehicle designs by automakers to enhance performance and assist in complying with increasing requirements of corporate average fuel economy standards. To assess the primary energy and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) implications of vehicle designs utilizing these materials, this study examines the potential life cycle impacts of two lightweight material alternative vehicle designs, i.e., steel and aluminum of a typical passenger vehicle operated today in North America. LCA for three common alternative lightweight vehicle designs are evaluated: current production (“Baseline”), an advanced high strength steel and aluminum design (“LWSV”), and an aluminum-intensive design (AIV). This study focuses on body-in-white and closures since these are the largest automotive systems by weight accounting for approximately 40% of total curb weight of a typical passenger vehicle. Secondary mass savings resulting from body
Das, Sujit
ACT is able to provide insight into acquisition, operational, and life-cycle affordability early in program formulation prior to a commitment of architecture, or anytime during the program to change systems or subsystems. ACT analyzes different systems or architecture configurations for affordability that allows for a comparison of total life-cycle cost, annual affordability, cost per pound, cost per seat, cost per flight (average), and total payload mass throughput. Although ACT is not a deterministic model, it does use characteristics (parametric factors) of the architectures/systems being compared to produce important system outcomes (figures-of-merit). The outcome figures-of-merit provide the designer with information on the relative affordability of different configurations
The marine environment differs greatly from other environments in which hydraulics are used. This Recommended Practice provides hydraulic design considerations and criteria for the marine environment and is applicable to commercial vessels, military ships, and submersible vehicles. This document may be used for manned and un-manned vehicles
Ship Fluid Systems Committee
This SAE Recommended Practice provides recommended guidelines and best practices for implementing a supportability program to ensure that software is supportable throughout its life cycle. This Implementation Guide is the companion to the Software Supportability Program Standard, SAE JA1004, that describes, within a Plan-Case framework, what software supportability performance requirements are necessary. This document has general applicability to all sectors of industry and commerce and to all types of equipment whose functionality is to some degree implemented via software. It is intended to be guidance for business purposes and should be applied when it provides a value-added basis for the business aspects of development, use, and sustainment of support-critical software. Applicability of specific recommended practices will depend on the support-significance of the software, application domain, and life cycle stage of the software
G-41 Reliability
To warrant the substitution of traditionally used structural automotive materials with titanium alloys, the material substitutional and redesign advantages must be attainable at a justifiable cost. Typically, during material replacement with such ‘exotic’ aerospace alloys, the initial raw material cost is high; therefore, cost justification will need to be realized from a life-cycle cost standpoint. Part I of this paper highlighted the redesign, fabrication, and validation of an automotive component. Part II details the particulars of constructing the total life-cycle cost model for both prototypes (P1, P2). Considerations in the model include adaptation to a high volume production scenario, availability of near-net size plate/bar stock, etc. Further, response surfaces of fuel costs savings and consequent life-cycle costs (state-variables) are generated against life-cycle duration and unit fuel price (design-variables) to identify profitable operating conditions. In conclusion, it is
Kuttolamadom, MathewJones, JoshuaMears, LaineKurfess, ThomasFunk, Kilian
This document defines the requirements for developing a DMSMS Management Plan, hereinafter also called the Plan, to assure customers that the Plan owner is using a proactive DMSMS process for minimizing the cost and impact that part and material obsolescence will have on equipment delivered by the Plan owner. The technical requirements detailed in clause 5 ensure that the Plan owner can meet the requirement of having a process to address obsolescence as required by Industry Standards such as EIA-4899 “Standard for Preparing an Electronic Components Management Plan” and DoD Programs as required by MIL-STD-3018 “Parts Management”. Owners of DMSMS Management Plans include System Integrators, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM), and logistics support providers
APMC Avionics Process Management
This paper demonstrates the results of the analysis of current situation in prediction of reliability, durability, quality, and maintainability; as well as results of development methodology and equipment for accelerated reliability testing which is a key factor in improving the current situation in the above areas. The implementation of 10 basic new concepts of this development decreases recalls, complaints, and total life-cycle cost of the product by at least 33% to 47%. This paper compares basic principles of new concepts with current ones. Practical accelerated reliability assurance for complex mobile systems and components based on multipurpose accelerated reliability testing (ART) is presented and illustrated. ART optimization and enhancement based on early reliability physics, systemic failure analysis and customized applied statistics covering various stages of R&D, manufacturing, and field service is justified and detailed. It provides further significant sustainable
Klyatis, Lev M.Verbitsky, David
This document outlines a standard practice for conducting system safety. The system safety practice as defined herein provides a consistent means of evaluating identified risks. Mishap risk must be identified, evaluated, and mitigated to a level as low as reasonably practicable. The mishap risk must be accepted by the appropriate authority and comply with federal (and state, where applicable) laws and regulations, executive orders, treaties, and agreements. Program trade studies associated with mitigating mishap risk must consider total life cycle cost in any decision. This document is intended for use as one of the elements of project solicitation for complex systems requiring a systematic evaluation of safety hazards and mitigating measures. The Managing authority may identify, in the solicitation and system specification, specific system safety engineering requirements to be met by the Developer. These may include risk assessment and acceptance criteria, unique classifications and
G-48 System Safety
This standard requires the developers and customer/user’s working as a team to plan and implement a reliability program that provides systems/products that satisfy the user’s requirements and expectations. The user’s requirements and needs are expressed in the form of the following four reliability objectives: The developer shall solicit, investigate, analyze, understand and agree to the user’s requirements and product needs. The developer, working with the customer and user, shall include the activities necessary to ensure that the user’s requirements and product needs are fully understood and defined, so that a comprehensive design specification and Reliability Program Plan can be generated. The developer shall use well-defined reliability- and systems-engineering processes to develop, design, and verify that the system/product meets the user’s documented reliability requirements and needs. The developer shall implement a set of engineering activities (included in this standard as
G-41 Reliability
This section establishes modeling conventions and guidelines to be followed during the development of the GEIA-STD-927 top level schema. The following is within the scope of this document: Modeling rules, conventions and guidelines for the GEIA-STD-927 top level schema. The following are outside the scope of this document: An introduction to information modeling; An introduction to the EXPRESS modeling language
G-47 Systems Engineering
As an integral part of the evolution to ANSI/GEIA-859 and the new environment, data management ensures that appropriate information support is available. Data requirements are established that ensure that data are properly timed and accessible, and provide the necessary visibility. The integrity of the data must be ensured regardless of their physical location. The DM process, implemented with rapidly maturing technologies, makes information available sooner and facilitates information sharing. It controls the digital format and the procedures necessary to exchange, index, store, and distribute or provide access to data. The DM process offers a wide range of benefits that contribute to improvements in the cost, schedule, performance, and support of products and services by enabling acquisition managers to do the following: Make better tradeoff decisions Identify problem areas earlier Decrease cycle times for decisions and information processing Eliminate overhead costs of receiving
EIDM Enterprise Information and Data Management
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