ES2re, WS50M, and Human Body Models in Far-Side Pole Impacts

Driver oblique far-side sled impacts were simulated with three surrogates. The EuroSID side impact dummy with rib extension (ES2re), the WorldSID side impact 50^th percentile male dummy (WS50M), and the Global Human Body Modeling Consortium’s 50^th percentile male human body (GHBM) models. The versions of the surrogates’ models were 7.0, 7.5.1, and 5.0, respectively. Surrogates were seated in the front left driver seat in a virtual generic crossover sled environment. The Finite Element (FE) based environment consisted of a driver seat, a center console, and a passenger seat. Two restraint systems were considered for each surrogate: belt only (BO) and belt plus a generic seat-mounted far-side impact airbag (BB). Surrogates were restrained using a 3-point belt that has a digressive shoulder force load limiter, and retractor, and anchor pretensioners. The far-side airbag used was a 37-liter in volume and has two chambers. Surrogate head excursions and injury indices for each surrogate were compared. The WS50M kinematics were closer to the GHBM than those of the ES2re. The WS50M predicted 4.7 and 0.5% probability of AIS3+ neck injuries in the BO and BB, respectively. ES2re predicted 48 and 30% probability of AIS3+ thoracic injuries, respectively. Whereas the WS50M predicted 0.5 and 0.0%, respectively. The GHBM had 12 fractures in 8 ribs and no fracture, respectively.