Browse Topic: Engine lubricants
This specification defines basic physical, chemical, and performance limits for 5 cSt grades of gas turbine engine lubricating oils used in aero and aero-derived marine and industrial applications, along with standard test methods and requirements for laboratories performing them. It also defines the quality control requirements to assure batch conformance and materials traceability and the procedures to manage and communicate changes in oil formulation and brand. This specification invokes the Performance Review Institute (PRI) product qualification process. Requests for submittal information may be made to PRI at the address in 2.1.3, referencing this specification. Products qualified to this specification are listed on a Qualified Products List (QPL) managed by PRI. Additional tests and evaluations may be required by individual OEMs before an oil is approved for use in their equipment. Approval and/or certification for use of a specific gas turbine engine oil in aero and aero
Dynamic vehicle operation, such as acceleration, deceleration, and tilting, can cause severe oil sloshing in the engine oil pan. This can lead to oil starvation at the pickup tube, compromising lubrication pump performance, and potentially damaging engine components. This study presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) multiphase model of an engine oil pan and a system of lubrication pumps, simulated using Simerics-MP+®. A series of numerical simulations are conducted at a given pump speed and extreme oil pan tilt angles or accelerations relevant to a high performance vehicle. Time-dependent oil distributions are visualized, and real-time oil flow rates are monitored at the pickup tubes to assess the impact of oil dynamics and pan position on pick-up tube starvation. This CFD model provides valuable insights into oil pan and pump behavior under extreme vehicle operation conditions, aiding in the design and optimization of lubrication systems to mitigate the risk of oil starvation
In this article we examine the behavior of oil in the lubrication channel between the main bearing and the connecting rod bearing in the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. The requirement for high service life and proper operation of these bearings, while minimizing input power of the lubrication system, lead to the need to understand the function of these structural parts in detail. To simulate and visualize this process, an experimental device was created. The device allows the experimenters to change individual parameters such as rotation speed, oil pressure, oil temperature, and aeration, while simultaneously visualizing the process with the help of a special rotating camera. These parameters are then obtained by image processing. In this way, the following influences are investigated here: at oil temperatures of 30, 50, and 80°C, relative oil pressures of 1, 2, 3, and 4 bar, at undissolved air in the oil of 5 and 10 vol% and crankshaft station speeds from 0 to 6000 1/min
As the global energy transition moves to increased levels of electrification for passenger cars, then the number and role of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) increases rapidly. For these, the power reaches the road from an internal combustion engine (ICE) and/or an electric motor, with several switches between these three modes, over a typical drive-cycle. Consequently, this comes with a large increase in the number of significant engine stop and start events. Such events are potentially challenging for the HEV engine lubricant, as by comparison, for standard ICE cycles there is almost continuous relative movement of the two lubricated surfaces, for most areas of the engine. Based on both field and test cell observations, a challenging area for the lubricant within the gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is the high pressure (HP) fuel pump, typically driven by a cam and follower, whilst lubricated by engine oil. From engine start, the speeds are low, also the fuel pump loads are high
In pursuit of reducing carbon emissions and to fulfill the customers’ needs for fuel-saving and environmentally friendly cars, car manufacturers have been increasingly offering different choices of electrified cars to their customers. Among those different powertrain solutions, with a balance of energy source between on-board electricity and fossil fuels, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) are becoming a choice for more and more end users, particularly in regional car markets such as China in recent years. Owing to the diversified vehicle operating conditions, new challenges are brought to the engine oil to protect the hardware from issues such as piston deposit, water/oil emulsification, oil thinning caused by fuel dilution, stop-start bearing wear and corrosion. This technical paper seeks to understand the impact of different operating modes of PHEV on engine oil performance. One key finding is that extreme conditions were needed to accumulate water content in the oil. When the
This SAE Standard was prepared by Technical Committee 1, Engine Lubrication, of SAE Fuels and Lubricants Council. The intent is to improve communications among engine manufacturers, engine users, and lubricant marketers in describing lubricant performance characteristics. The key objective is to ensure that a correct lubricant is used in each two-stroke-cycle engine.
The information in this SAE Recommended Practice has been compiled by Technical Committee 1 (Engine Lubrication) of the SAE Fuels and Lubricants Division. The intent is to provide those concerned with the design and maintenance of two-stroke-cycle engines with a better understanding of the properties of two-stroke-cycle lubricants. Reference is also made to test procedures which may be used to measure the chemical and physical characteristics of these lubricants.
Shell Rotella hosted journalists at the National Tractor Pulling Championships in Bowling Green, Ohio, in August, where the company was sponsoring tractors run by Koester Racing in the mini-modified division. Karin Haumann, OEM technical manager of Shell Global Solutions, was onsite and spoke with TOHE about the approaching proposed category 12 (PC-12) heavy-duty diesel engine oil category. PC-12 engine oils are in development and will be licensed for use on January 1, 2027. The current engine oil categories, CK-4 and FA-4, were introduced in 2016. Development of the new category is necessary due to advancements in engine technology, and it aligns with stricter emissions regulations that begin in 2027, said Haumann, who serves as chairperson of the API new category development team. “As diesel engine technology evolves, they require oils that offer increased oxidation performance and wear reduction, can handle higher temperatures, and improve fuel economy,” she said. Lubricant
This SAE Standard defines the limits for a classification of engine lubricating oils in rheological terms only. Other oil characteristics are not considered or included.
In this paper, we present a novel algorithm designed to accurately trigger the engine coolant flow at the optimal moment, thereby safeguarding gas-engines from catastrophic failures such as engine boil. To achieve this objective, we derive models for crucial temperatures within a gas-engine, including the engine combustion wall temperature, engine coolant-out temperature, engine block temperature, and engine oil temperature. To overcome the challenge of measuring hard-to-measure signals such as engine combustion gas temperature, we propose the use of new intermediate parameters. Our approach utilizes a lumped parameter concept with a mean-value approach, enabling precise temperature prediction and rapid simulation. The proposed engine thermal model is capable of estimating temperatures under various conditions, including steady-state or transient engine performance, without the need for extra sensors. Moreover, it exhibits greater robustness compared to temperature estimation systems
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