Browse Topic: Connectors and terminals

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Degradation-Based Reliability and RUL Prediction for Railway Wire Harness Connectors Under Multi-Temperature Conditions: An Adaptive Wiener-DGM Hybrid Model2026-99-12719/4/2026
Railway wire harness connectors are critical elements in modern rail transport systems, ensuring reliable signal transmission, power distribution, and communications across the subsystems that govern traction, braking, and passenger information. The progressive deterioration of these connectors under harsh operating conditions, particularly temperature variations encountered during continuous railway operations, poses significant challenges to system reliability and operational safety. This paper presents a hybrid framework integrating an adaptive Wiener process with a deep generative model (DGM) for reliability assessment and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of railway wire harness connectors under multi-temperature conditions. The proposed methodology combines Arrhenius-based temperature acceleration with a Wiener degradation model that characterizes temperature-dependent degradation kinetics. Specifically, a variational autoencoder (VAE) is employed as the deep generative network to learn the complex nonlinear degradation patterns that conventional parametric models may fail to capture. Furthermore, a particle filter algorithm is incorporated to enable real-time Bayesian parameter updating and state estimation, thereby allowing the model to be refined in an adaptive manner as new monitoring data become available. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through accelerated degradation tests on electrical connectors at four temperature levels (25°C, 55°C, 85°C, and 105°C), demonstrating that the RMSE is reduced by 23.5%, 18.2%, and 32.1% compared with the standard Wiener process, LSTM-based approach, and Gaussian process regression, respectively. The analytically derived reliability function and RUL distribution provide comprehensive uncertainty quantification to support maintenance decision-making in railway systems.
Wu, Jiajun, Chen, Yongping
COVER ASSEMBLY, ELECTRICAL, FOR MS27212 TERMINAL BOARD ASSEMBLYAS18029F (Current)8/31/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
INSTALLING AND REMOVAL TOOLS, CONNECTOR ELECTRICAL CONTACT, TYPE I, CLASS 1, COMPOSITION CAS81969/17B (Current)8/31/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
INSTALLING AND REMOVAL TOOLS, CONNECTOR, ELECTRICAL CONTACT, TYPE III, CLASS 2, COMPOSITION AAS81969/12B (Current)8/31/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
CRIMPING TOOL AND ACCESSORIES, 18 VDC BATTERY ELECTRIC, PORTABLE HYDRAULIC, WIRE SIZE 8 TO 00 UN-INSULATED, AND SIZE 8 THRU 2 INSULATED CRIMP BARRELSAS5259/8A (Current)8/24/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, SOCKET, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR MIL-DTL-28840 CONNECTORS)AS39029/84C (Current)8/14/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
TERMINAL BOARD ASSEMBLY, MOLDED-IN-STUD, ELECTRICAS27212F (Current)8/14/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Why AI Data Centers Need Industrial-Grade ConnectorsTBMG-555378/1/2026
Trajectory Optimization for Micro Air Vehicle with Multiple Constraints2026-99-16327/24/2026
This study aims to solve the trajectory optimization problem of multi degree of freedom micro air vehicle (MAV) with the aim of improving its flight performance through technological innovation. A multi degree of freedom trajectory optimization (MDFTO) method with sideslip angle and angle of attack as the core control variables was proposed for multiple complex constraints in combat environment, such as terminal accuracy and overload limitation. This method can more accurately characterize and adapt the strong nonlinear, dynamic coupling and time varying characteristics of the MAV in high-speed maneuvering flight. In order to solve this MDFTO problem with multiple constraints and strong nonlinear characteristics efficiently, the hp adaptive pseudospectral method is used in this study, and is verified by simulations based on the GPOPS-II optimization platform. The algorithm has the advantages of highly accurate discrete state and control variables, efficient processing of path and terminal constraints, and adaptive adjustment of the distribution point density. GPOPS-II is able to efficiently adapt to the MDFTO method. The simulation results show that the GPOPS-II can accurately capture the MAV’s dynamic response. Its adaptive node adjustment mechanism effectively balances computational efficiency with solution accuracy, especially during flight phases where state changes drastically, ensuring the reliability of results. The MDFTO method successfully achieves the optimal solution, and the generated trajectory strictly follows the laws of vehicle dynamics and kinematics. This method provides an effective and engineering feasible technical approach for the trajectory optimization of the MAV under complex constraints, and has important theoretical and practical value for improving its strike accuracy, maneuverability and comprehensive combat effectiveness.
An, Zhichao, Ming, Chao, Wen, Guangbao
CRIMPING TOOLS, TYPE 1, HAND OR POWER ACTUATED, WIRE TERMINATION, PNEUMATIC TOOL FOR AS22520/1 POSITIONERS, CONTACT WIRE BARREL SIZES 12 THRU 20AS22520/29A (Current)7/21/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
The Terminal Guidance Method Improved Based on BP Neural Network2026-99-18227/17/2026
Terminal guidance is critical for ensuring strike precision in the final phase of flight. However, traditional methods, such as proportional navigation and optimal guidance laws, face significant challenges regarding real-time performance and adaptability to dynamic targets. To address these issues, neural networks offer a promising solution by enabling adaptive adjustments to guidance parameters, thereby improving performance under various constraints.
Ma, Hengwei, Wang, Yongfeng, Wen, Hong, Liu, Di, Wei, Yuanhang, Dong, Longhao, Luo, Ying
A Mode Code Configuration Method for Remote Terminals in 1553B Bus Systems2026-99-18267/17/2026
Requirements of Interface for Aircraft/Store Electrical Interconnection System (GJB 1188A-99) is the current standard followed by all types of carrier aircraft and stores. This paper designed a 1553B bus remote terminal mode code configuration method that met the requirements of GJB1188A standard, completing the interrupt initialization and data initialization of compulsory mode codes. These comprehensive test results confirm that the proposed mode code configuration method is both reliable and effective, and provides strong portability, which can be used as a reference for the GJB1188A interface software design of other components
Han, Bin, Zhang, Kun, Liu, Xuhan, Ye, Jinhan, Li, Zhengmao
CRIMPING TOOLS, TYPE I, TERMINAL, HAND OR POWER ACTUATED, WIRE TERMINATION, PNEUMATIC TOOL FOR AS22520/7 POSITIONERS, USE FOR WIRE BARREL SIZES 16 AND SMALLERAS22520/49 (Current)7/13/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, CRIMP TYPE, WALL MOUNTING FLANGE, PUSH-PULL, COUPLING, SERIES 2 (CLASS E AND J)AS31401B (Current)7/13/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, DUMMY STOWAGE, WALL MOUNTING FLANGE, PUSH-PULL COUPLING (SERIES 1 AND 2 CONNECTORS)AS31351B (Current)7/9/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, SOLDER TYPE, WALL MTG. FLANGE, PUSH-PULL COUPLING, SERIES 1 (CLASS E, P, AND J)AS31301B (Current)7/9/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, BOX MOUNTING FLANGE, PUSH-PULL COUPLING, SERIES 1 (CLASS E AND H)AS31321B (Current)7/9/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC THRU BULKHEAD, WALL MOUNTING FLANGE, SERIES I (CLASS E)AS31391A (Current)7/9/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTOR, PLUG, ELECTRIC, SOLDER TYPE LANYARD, PUSH-PULL COUPLING, SERIES 1 (CLASS E, P, AND J)AS31381B (Current)7/8/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Multi-Scale Modelling of Localized Battery Degradation in Heavy-Duty Series Hybrids: From Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Powertrain and Battery Pack Performance2026-01-07477/1/2026
Hybrid electric vehicles rely heavily on battery pack power capability, which is often compromised by non-uniform aging and thermal gradients. Conventional battery models typically use bulk state-of-health metrics, failing to capture localized degradation that leads to current imbalances and reduced pack utility. This paper presents a multi-scale modelling framework that integrates Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy data into a fractional-order equivalent circuit model to simulate localized degradation in Lithium Iron Phosphate cells. Results show that the terminal voltage of LFP cells can be accurately modelled using the proposed fractional-order equivalent circuit with a discrete transfer-function implementation, maintaining root-mean-square errors below 20 mV across most state-of-health and state-of-charge conditions. The validated cell model is then extended to a degradation-aware battery pack representation. The battery pack in this work utilizes a 200-kWh, 800 V architecture consisting of five modules connected in parallel, each module composed of 13 parallel strings of 250 series cells, evaluated under multiple degradation scenarios. By integrating this pack model into a Class-8 series hybrid powertrain simulation, this study quantifies how cell-to-cell heterogeneity impacts vehicle performance under the VECTO regional delivery drive cycle. At the vehicle level, these battery constraints influence engine duty cycles and battery pack stress metrics. When localized degradation reaches up to 40% in one module while the remaining modules degrade up to 20% to 30%, such inhomogeneous degradation reduces the minimum pack terminal voltage by approximately 27% and increases peak discharge current by more than 30%, resulting in more rapid degradation. These battery-level limitations translate into higher fuel consumption by up to 6% in a charge-sustaining scenario.
Safavi, Seyed Reza, Homayouni, Hooman, Shoa, Tina, Wang, Jason, McTaggart-Cowan, Gordon
Stochastic Gradient Pulse Adaptation for Grid Friendly DC Fast Charging of Battery Electric Vehicles2026-01-07347/1/2026
This paper presents Stochastic Gradient Pulse Adaptation (SGPA), a real-time adaptive pulse-charging system for rechargeable electrochemical batteries that dynamically adjusts charging aggressiveness based on the battery's internal response, as opposed to predetermined CC–CV or fixed pulse profiles. SGPA is different from traditional charging methods that use static current de-rating and conservative voltage limits. Instead, SGPA uses gradient-based feedback from terminal voltage behaviour, temperature changes, internal resistance changes, and state of charge to continuously adapt pulse amplitude and duty cycle. This algorithm boosts the charging intensity when the electrochemical circumstances are good. It lowers the pulses slowly when signs of thermal or impedance-related stress show up. Simulation-based proof-of-concept experiments on a heavy-duty multi-battery system show that charging time is less than with multi-CCCV charging, while still keeping the current distribution across packs balanced. The suggested SGPA method adds an adaptive charging algorithm that is easy to understand and ready to use. It makes fast charging more efficient without lowering voltage and thermal safety limits.
Prakashkumar, Balagopal, Mannar, Vignesh
TERMINAL JUNCTION SYSTEM, TERMINAL JUNCTION BLOCKS, SECTIONAL, BUSSING MODULES, FEEDBACK TYPE, SIZE 22D, SERIES IAS81714/17D (Current)6/8/2026
AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee
Electrical Harnessing in Satellite Launch Vehicles of ISRO – Methods for Sustainable, Safe and Reliable Systems2026-26-07796/1/2026
The electrical harness system of satellite launch vehicles functions as the backbone of spacecraft avionics; inter connecting subsystems through complex networks of wires and connectors. An electrical harness is a group of wires bunched together and terminated in connectors. The common insulations used for launch vehicle applications include PTFE, Polyimide, ETFE and TKT. The connectors used are of aerospace grade and connectors tailored for space applications. With over 5000 connectors and 200 km of cables constituting nearly 20% of vehicle mass, the design, fabrication, and sustainability of these systems are critical. The insulations of connectors inserts or the wires are critical for the durability of harness elements. Nevertheless, these insulations are non-expendable and pose disposal challenges and some releases toxic gases when burned or due to vacuum outgassing phenomenon. Also, the cadmium plating which is often used for the environmental resistance of connector shells presents additional risks to the working humans due to its carcinogenic nature and shows tendency to bloom out during storage. This paper presents the methodologies and innovations implemented to develop safe, reliable, and environmentally sustainable harness systems for current and future launch vehicles. Key advancements include the adoption of lean manufacturing practices for waste reduction, the replacement of hazardous cadmium-plated connector shells with stainless-steel alternatives, and the induction of TKT-insulated wires to prevent arc tracking and ensure human-rating compatibility. Additionally, lightweight composite connectors and micro-miniature interconnects are being qualified to support mass optimization in reusable launch vehicles. Through these strategic measures, the study demonstrates how the integration of sustainable materials, safety-oriented design, and process optimization can enhance the performance, safety, and environmental footprint of launch vehicle electrical harness systems.
K S, Nithish, TR, Binny, D S, Praveen Kumar
INSPECTION GAGE, FOR AS81790/1 CONNECTORS AIRCRAFT EXTERNAL ELECTRIC POWERAS81790/3A (Current)5/20/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONTACTS, SOCKET, CRIMP REMOVABLE, CONNECTORS, ELECTRICAL, CIRCULAR, MINIATURE, COMPOSITE, HIGH DENSITY, QUICK COUPLING, ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT, (FOR AS29600 SERIES B)AS29600/23B (Current)5/8/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
INSERT ARRANGEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONNECTOR, SHELL SIZE 19 (FOR AS81703 CONNECTORS)AS33701C (Current)5/8/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL, STRAIN RELIEF, NONENVIRONMENTAL, 90°, SELF-LOCKING AND NON-SELF-LOCKING CATEGORY 4B (FOR AS50151 CRIMP, AS95234, MIL-DTL-26482 SERIES 2, AS81703 SERIES 3, AND MIL-DTL-83723 SERIES III CONNECTORS)AS85049/51G (Current)5/6/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
TUBING, PLASTIC, EXTRA FLEXIBLE, CONVOLUTED, HELICAL, ETHYLENE TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (ETFE), CLOSE CONVOLUTIONAS81914/5D (Current)4/26/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
INSERT ARRANGEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONNECTOR, SHELL SIZE 27 (FOR AS81703 CONNECTORS)AS33702C (Current)4/13/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTORS, PLUG, ELECTRIC, FRONT RELEASE, CRIMP CONTACT, AN TYPEAS34061B (Current)4/13/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONTACTS, PIN, CRIMP REMOVABLE ,CONNECTORS, ELECTRICAL, CIRCULAR, MINIATURE, COMPOSITE, HIGH DENSITY, QUICK COUPLING, ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT, (SERIES B)AS29600/24B (Current)4/13/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, PIN, REMOVABLE, SOLDERLESS WRAPPOST TERMINATION (FOR MIL-DTL-38999 SERIES I, II, III, AND IV, MIL-DTL-24308, MIL-DTL-83733, AND MIL-DTL-55302/69 CONNECTORS)AS39029/71B (Current)4/13/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
AI-Driven Data Consistency and Relationship Inference System for Agile Component Library Management2026-01-01094/7/2026
Reliable component libraries are the foundation of the engineering process and the starting point for all intelligence within CAD tools. In practice, however, libraries created and maintained by librarians often contain incomplete, inconsistent, or outdated data. This paper introduces the component data consistency and relationship inference AI system, developed within Amoeba software, which addresses these challenges by improving component library quality. The system uses AI to infer component attributes such as component type, gender, color, material, etc. Moreover, it can identify relationships such as the family a connector is associated with based on its attributes and geometry. The system improves data consistency in areas such as resolving mismatched wire size constraints imposed by the connector and cavity components. It also utilizes computer vision to identify common connector footprints, cavity sizes, and 2D symbol geometries. Deployed within Amoeba software, the system has shown an ability to create parts ~30 times faster than manual methods with 98.81% accuracy. The novelty of this system is two-fold. First, it represents a unique integration of AI-based attribute inference and relationship reasoning for improving component library data quality. Second, the system enables a new paradigm of on-demand component creation within Amoeba software that allows engineering teams to obtain tailored components immediately rather than waiting for delivery from librarians. By enabling agile component library management and maintaining data integrity, the system brings benefits in the environment of Industry 4.0 and the increasing digitization of engineering processes.
Phan, Dung, Horvat, Bryan
CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, SOCKET, REMOVABLE, SOLDERLESS WRAPPOST TERMINATION (FOR MIL-DTL-38999 SERIES I, II, III, AND IV, MIL-DTL-24308, AND MIL-DTL-55302/68, /71, AND /75 CONNECTORS)AS39029/72B (Current)4/1/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, SOCKET, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR MIL-DTL-28748/3 AND MIL-DTL-28748/13 CONNECTORS)AS39029/35D (Current)4/1/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
TUBING, PLASTIC, FLEXIBLE, CONVOLUTED, HELICAL ETHYLENE TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE (ETFE), STANDARD CONVOLUTIONAS81914/6D (Current)4/1/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, PIN, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR MIL-DTL-28748/3 AND MIL-DTL-28748/13 CONNECTORS)AS39029/34D (Current)4/1/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Undetectable Ship-to-Ship Laser CommunicationsTBMG-549224/1/2026
Astrolight recently demonstrated undetectable, unjammable, and high-bandwidth laser-based ship-to-ship communication with its POLARIS terminal during REPMUS’25, NATO’s largest unmanned maritime exercise.
DC Fast-Charging Adapters Are a Transition Strategy, Not a StopgapTBMG-548534/1/2026
While the long-term benefits of standardization in EV charging are clear, the current transition period presents a complex challenge. For the next several years, charging access and infrastructure protection will depend not on a single connector standard, but on how effectively the industry manages coexistence between legacy CCS1 and emerging NACS deployments.
CONTACT, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, CONCENTRIC TWINAX, PIN, SIZE 8AS39029/90D (Current)3/25/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTORS, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, JAM NUT MOUNTING, FRONT RELEASE, CRIMP CONTACT, AN TYPEAS34041C (Current)3/25/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, SOCKET, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR MIL-C-81511 SERIES 2 CONNECTORS)AS39029/46C (Current)3/19/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, JAM NUT MOUNT, ELECTRICAL, CIRCULAR, HIGH DENSITY, QUICK DISCONNECT, ENVIRONMENT RESISTING, INDIVIDUAL RELEASE, CRIMP TYPE CONTACTS (CLASS A, F, AND W - SERIES 4)AS81511/53B (Current)3/19/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTORS, ELECTRICAL, CIRCULAR, MINIATURE, COMPOSITE, HIGH DENSITY, QUICK COUPLING, ENVIRONMENT RESISTANT, REMOVABLE CRIMP CONTACTS, PLUG (SERIES B)AS29600/22B (Current)3/16/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, CABLE CONNECTING, ELECTRICAL, CIRCULAR, HIGH DENSITY, QUICK DISCONNECT, ENVIRONMENT RESISTING, INDIVIDUAL RELEASE, CRIMP TYPE CONTACTS (CLASS A, F, AND W - SERIES 4)AS81511/55B (Current)3/16/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, JAM NUT MOUNT, ELECTRICAL, CIRCULAR, HIGH DENSITY, QUICK DISCONNECT, ENVIRONMENT RESISTING, INDIVIDUAL RELEASE, CRIMP TYPE CONTACTS (CLASS A, F, AND W - SERIES 3)AS81511/49B (Current)3/16/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, PIN CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR AS81511 SERIES 3 AND 4 CONNECTORS)AS39029/18D (Current)3/13/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
Test Slabs, Acrylonitrile Butadiene (NBR-H) Medium-High Acrylonitrile, 65 - 75AMS3217/1D (Current)3/13/2026
This specification covers a standard acrylonitrile butadiene (NBR-H) rubber stock with medium-high acrylonitrile content in the form of molded test slabs.
AMS CE Elastomers Committee
CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, SOCKET, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR MIL-DTL-22992 CLASS L CONNECTORS)AS39029/49B (Current)3/13/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
CONTACT BUSHING, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR CONTACT, WIRE BARRELAS39029/112E (Current)3/13/2026
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
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