Browse Topic: Connectors and terminals

Items (4,361)

A Study on Energy Management Strategies for Range-Extended UAVs Based on A-ECMS

2026-99-2333

To be published on 10/30/2026

An adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) is proposed for a hydrogen fuel-cell range-extended UAV hybrid power system composed of a PEM fuel cell, a lithium-ion battery and a supercapacitor. The equivalent factor is updated online by a PID-based SOC feedback mechanism to improve the adaptability of conventional ECMS under variable flight loads. Under the same mission profile and the same initial and terminal SOC constraints, A-ECMS consumes 4.6277 g of hydrogen, reducing hydrogen consumption by 46.90%, 67.51% and 58.42% compared with PID control, conventional ECMS and state-machine control, respectively. Fuel-cell power fluctuation and battery SOC deviation are also reduced.

Li, Mengda, Liu, Zitong

Fine-tuned Large Language Model Enhanced Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Spacecraft Attitude Stabilization

2026-99-2966

10/19/2026

Guo, Zili, Gao, Sihong, Liu, Yuhan, Wang, Pengyu, Guo, Yanning

A Wide-Angle Beam Scanning Algorithm for Reconfigurable Liquid Crystal Phased Arrays in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Acquisition

2026-99-2949

10/19/2026

To satisfy the real-time beam tracking requirement of low earth orbit (LEO) satellite ground terminals under highly dynamic pass conditions, this paper proposes a three-state hierarchical state-machine beam-control algorithm for liquid crystal phased array antennas (LCPAs). The tracking process is divided into three stages. S1 coarse nine-point acquisition is used to rapidly cover a wide pointing-uncertainty region. S2 fine nine-point refinement introduces quadratic-surface fitting to obtain local peak estimation at sub-step resolution. S3 predictive tracking adopts an interacting multiple model Kalman filter (IMM-KF) based on the constant-acceleration (CA) model and the Singer model, and designs an adaptive covariance regulation mechanism for both measurement and process noise. Combined with explicit delay compensation for liquid-crystal response time, the method suppresses pointing lag and error accumulation in high-dynamic intervals. A dual-threshold hysteretic loss-of-lock criterion and a filter-reset mechanism are also integrated to guarantee autonomous link recovery. Simulation results show that, in an LEO pass scenario with a maximum angular rate of about 2 °/s, the proposed method reduces the median 2D RMSE by about 52%, reduces the 90% quantile error by about 54%, and lowers the median average power loss from 0.14 dB to 0.03 dB compared with the traditional scheme.

Tian, Lingrui, Guo, Xiaoxu, Xu, Yao, Chen, An, Zhu, Yaowei, Zhang, Zhizhong

Research on Satellite Constellation Selection Method for GEO Multi-Satellite Relay Systems

2026-99-2950

10/19/2026

Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, as a crucial infrastructure for global communication and emergency support systems, are highly valued due to their wide coverage, long communication distances, and large transmission capacity. However, the scarcity of orbital slots and the difficulty in quickly identifying available satellites in actual user scenarios have become the main bottlenecks restricting the communication efficiency of multi-satellite relay systems in geostationary orbit. To address these issues, this paper proposes an accurate and efficient method for selecting the set of available satellites for multi-satellite relay applications. We construct a spatial coverage model based on the H3 hierarchical discrete global grid system and a geometric model that characterizes the visible orbital arc of the user station. By comprehensively considering the geographic locations of gateway stations and user stations, satellite beam coverage boundaries, and the visibility constraints imposed by user terminal antenna pointing, the proposed method can accurately screen out qualified satellite sets that satisfy the end-to-end link condition of “gateway–satellite–user station”. Simulation experiments are conducted in the Ku-band to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, with performance metrics including coverage probability, accessible satellite quantity distribution, and selection efficiency evaluated. The results show that the H3-based modeling approach effectively reduces computational complexity while ensuring high accuracy in visibility judgment. The proposed method significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of satellite selection, and supports dynamic updates in mobile user scenarios. This work presents a reliable satellite selection algorithm, which can be used to support efficient resource scheduling and provide a strong guarantee for GEO multi-satellite relay communication.

Yu, Xinyue, Jiang, Yanzi, Lu, Yi, Hou, Yucheng, Su, Xingyu, He, Wenxi, Zhang, Jie

Power Allocation for Uplink RSMA in LEO Satellite Systems

2026-99-2921

10/19/2026

This paper focuses on power allocation for RSMA-enabled uplink transmission in LEO satellite systems. A representative cluster is selected for analysis, where the terminal with the best channel quality serves as the target user and transmits its information by means of two split streams. The remaining users are treated as weak users sharing the uplink access structure. Since satellite-ground links are affected by channel estimation errors and propagation uncertainty, the available channel state information (CSI) may deviate from the actual channel. To improve the reliability of uplink transmission, a bounded CSI error model is adopted, and the decoding conditions for different successive interference cancellation (SIC) stages are formulated in a robust form. On this basis, the target-user rate is optimized under transmit-power and decoding-reliability constraints. The formulated problem is difficult to solve directly because the power variables are coupled with the SINR and rate expressions. Therefore, a successive convex approximation (SCA) method is employed to transform the original problem into a series of solvable convex subproblems. The obtained results confirm that the proposed scheme brings a clear target-user rate gain over the NOMA benchmark under the same simulation setup. The results show the effectiveness of robust RSMA power allocation for uplink interference management in LEO satellite systems.

Yu, Xiaodi, Jin, Hang, Song, Yu, Hong, Tao, Ding, Xiaojin, Zhang, Gengxin

CONNECTOR ACCESSORIES, ELECTRICAL, ADAPTER, SHRINK BOOT, CATEGORY 5 (FOR AS50151 CRIMP, AS95234, MIL-DTL-26482 SERIES 2, AS81703 SERIES 3, AND MIL-DTL-83723 SERIES III CONNECTORS)

AS85049/60E (Current)

10/15/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CRIMPING TOOLS, TERMINAL, HAND, WIRE TERMINATION, INSPECTION GAGE FOR TYPE I AND II TOOLS

AS22520/3E (Current)

10/12/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

TERMINAL JUNCTION SYSTEM, TERMINAL JUNCTION BLOCKS, ELECTRONIC, IN-LINE JUNCTIONS, INTEGRAL FUSE, SERIES I

AS81714/23C (Current)

10/12/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Aerospace & Defense Technology: Oct 2026

26AERP1010/8/2026

Terabit Optical Communications in Space: Engineering High-Speed Networks for Data Centers in Orbit Mild Hybrids: A Current-Gen Bridge to Electrifying Military Ground Vehicles The Integrated and Flexible Approach to Large-Scale Metrology: How Integrating Laser Trackers and Modular Arms Creates a 'Unified Nervous System' The Defense Industry Continues to Meet CMMC Phase II Requirements Despite 60-Day Pause In Space, No One Can Hear You Stream AMD to Bring UCIe Connectivity to Select Versal Adaptive SoCs How Special Interface Gages Provide Microscopic Precision for Designing Ballistic Missiles The pristine precision needed to certify the nation's underwater nuclear deterrent is anchored on the talents of civilian scientists at a Navy laboratory in Southern California. Rapidly Testing Deployable Systems Sandia National Laboratories is evaluating portable security architectures that combine radar, drones, ground sensors, cameras and wireless communications networks into a single rapidly deployable system for remote and austere environments. Testing focuses on sensor integration, resilient communications and edge-based data processing to improve situational awareness while operating within real-world bandwidth constraints. Tailored Surface Vibrations to Improve Aerodynamic Performance in Passenger Jets University of Colorado Boulder researchers have demonstrated two new phononic flow-control concepts, super-resonance and scatterless interference, that use engineered subsurface vibrations to interact with boundary-layer airflow across a broader range of turbulence frequencies than previously possible. By delaying flow instabilities without altering a wing's external shape, the technology could reduce aerodynamic drag and improve fuel efficiency in passenger aircraft. New Type of Attack Can Slip Past the Defenses in Your Computer's Processor MIT researchers found a way to exploit a split-second gap in chip security - and used it to acquire a Linux system's password file. Army Tests Safer Electrical Connectors for Ground Vehicle Readiness U.S. Army DEVCOM Ground Vehicle Systems Center engineers are evaluating cadmium- and hexavalent chromium-free electrical connectors designed to reduce hazardous material exposure while maintaining corrosion protection, electrical performance, and long-term vehicle sustainment.

Computational Electro-Thermal and Degradation Modeling Framework for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

2026-24-0011

9/21/2026

This paper presents an integrated computational framework that couples electro-thermal and degradation dynamics for lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles (EVs). The model is implemented using Python. At the cell level, the model describes charge and discharge behavior, state of charge (SOC), terminal voltage, internal resistance losses, and heat generation. An energy balance equation is used to estimate temperature variation during operation. Temperature-dependent resistance and capacity are included to represent nonlinear battery behavior under different load conditions. At the system level, feedback relationships between SOC, temperature, state of health (SOH), and degradation rate are modeled using system dynamics. Battery aging is represented through mathematical functions that relate capacity loss to temperature and usage cycles. This allows simulation of long-term performance under different driving scenarios. The model enables parametric and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the effects of discharge rate, ambient temperature, and degradation parameters. Results show the strong interaction between thermal behavior and battery aging. Model validation against experimental data is not performed in this study and remains an important direction for future research. The current work focuses on the derivation and parametric analysis of the modelling framework. The proposed framework provides a clear, low-cost, and scalable computational approach for EV battery analysis, design studies, and engineering education.

Gutierrez, Marcos, Taco, Diana

CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, SOCKET, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR MIL-DTL-24308 CONNECTORS)

AS39029/63F (Current)

9/20/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CRIMPING TOOL AND ACCESSORIES, REMOTE CRIMP HEAD, HYDRAULIC, WIRE SIZE 8 TO 0000 FOR INSULATED AND UN-INSULATED CRIMP BARRELS

AS5259/1C (Current)

9/20/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Analysis of Latency-Influencing Factors in Vehicle-Road-Cloud Integrated Systems Based on Fault Tree Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process

2026-99-1543

9/11/2026

Vehicle–road–cloud integrated systems have great potential in terms of improving traffic efficiency and achieving intelligent automatic driving through the integration of on–board terminals, roadside facilities, and cloud computing. However, their operational capabilities are heavily reliant on ultra-low-latency collaborative communication. This paper constructs a latency fault tree model to comprehensively analyze multi-source triggering paths of computation delay and reveals the formation mechanism of the delay path from “germination–induction–evolution”. On this basis, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to construct a three-level evaluation framework, and the influencing factors are quantitatively evaluated using NS-3 simulation data of the 004-V2X Communication Performance Testing Dataset. The result shows that the weight value of the network communication layer is the largest, 0.498, which shows that the bottleneck of performance in network communication is the wireless link quality. The cloud processing layer is second 0.327, which is dominated by the computational complexity and resource allocation policy. The impact of the onboard terminal layer is the smallest, 0.175. The FTA–AHP framework supported by empirical data can find the key factors affecting delay, which can help engineering optimization. It is noted that the AHP consistency check (CR) just checks the inner transitivity of expert judgment (i.e., the matrix consistency), while it cannot assure the objectivity and the bias elimination. We reduce the subjectivity by combining multiple experts, anchoring judgment with the simulation data, and performing a sensitivity check on the perturbation of the weights.

Xu, Yunchuan, Wang, Xiaomeng, Wang, Yan

CRIMPING TOOL AND ACCESSORIES, HAND OPERATED, DIE TYPE, WIRE SIZES 8 TO 0000 UN-INSULATED AND INSULATED CRIMP BARRELS

AS5259/3C (Current)

9/9/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Fuel Level Point Sensing

AIR6325 (Current)

9/9/2026

This report is intended to identify the various existing technologies used for a fuel level sensing system. In addition to sensing technologies, it describes the basic architecture of fuel level sensing systems and their association with fuel gauging system to increase integrity of fuel measurement and management. As the fuel level sensing system is generally based on electrical components within fuel tanks, a specific focus is made on fuel tank explosion safety protection. An overview of the capacitive fuel gauging operation can be found in AIR5691.

AE-5A Aerospace Fuel and Lubrication Systems Committee

Degradation-Based Reliability and RUL Prediction for Railway Wire Harness Connectors Under Multi-Temperature Conditions: An Adaptive Wiener-DGM Hybrid Model

2026-99-1271

9/4/2026

Railway wire harness connectors are critical elements in modern rail transport systems, ensuring reliable signal transmission, power distribution, and communications across the subsystems that govern traction, braking, and passenger information. The progressive deterioration of these connectors under harsh operating conditions, particularly temperature variations encountered during continuous railway operations, poses significant challenges to system reliability and operational safety. This paper presents a hybrid framework integrating an adaptive Wiener process with a deep generative model (DGM) for reliability assessment and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of railway wire harness connectors under multi-temperature conditions. The proposed methodology combines Arrhenius-based temperature acceleration with a Wiener degradation model that characterizes temperature-dependent degradation kinetics. Specifically, a variational autoencoder (VAE) is employed as the deep generative network to learn the complex nonlinear degradation patterns that conventional parametric models may fail to capture. Furthermore, a particle filter algorithm is incorporated to enable real-time Bayesian parameter updating and state estimation, thereby allowing the model to be refined in an adaptive manner as new monitoring data become available. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through accelerated degradation tests on electrical connectors at four temperature levels (25°C, 55°C, 85°C, and 105°C), demonstrating that the RMSE is reduced by 23.5%, 18.2%, and 32.1% compared with the standard Wiener process, LSTM-based approach, and Gaussian process regression, respectively. The analytically derived reliability function and RUL distribution provide comprehensive uncertainty quantification to support maintenance decision-making in railway systems.

Wu, Jiajun, Chen, Yongping

INSTALLING AND REMOVAL TOOLS, CONNECTOR, ELECTRICAL CONTACT, TYPE III, CLASS 1, COMPOSITION B

AS81969/16B (Current)

9/4/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Connectors, Electrical, Circular, Miniature, Composite, High Density, Quick Coupling, Environment Resistant, Removable Crimp Contacts Associated Hardware, General Specification for

AS29600D (Current)

9/4/2026

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) covers miniature, composite, high density, threaded coupling, self-locking, circular, environment-resistant, electrical connectors utilizing removable crimp contacts, and associated hardware, which are capable of continuous operation within a temperature range of -65 to +175 °C (-85 to 347 °F). These connectors are supplied under an AS9100 reliability assurance program. See 6.1 for intended use and applications.

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

The Interconnected Battlefield: Optimizing Systems Beyond Standard D38999

26AERP09_01

9/1/2026

Modern defense platforms are no longer isolated systems. They are high-bandwidth nodes in a joint network spanning air, land, sea, space and cyber domains, and the connectors holding it all together are being pushed to their limits. The increasing prevalence of high-speed Ethernet in defense is pushing the boundaries of the tried and true circular D38999 connector. Military jets are becoming increasingly interconnected with edge computing devices, sensors, communication equipment and cameras via high-speed Ethernet. This is being replicated in other military assets, such as armored ground vehicles, artillery and command centers, as we move closer to the envisioned interconnected battlefield. The industry standard D38999, which has been around for decades, is starting to show its limitations when it comes to high-speed data signals.

COVER ASSEMBLY, ELECTRICAL, FOR MS27212 TERMINAL BOARD ASSEMBLY

AS18029F (Current)

8/31/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

INSTALLING AND REMOVAL TOOLS, CONNECTOR ELECTRICAL CONTACT, TYPE I, CLASS 1, COMPOSITION C

AS81969/17B (Current)

8/31/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

INSTALLING AND REMOVAL TOOLS, CONNECTOR, ELECTRICAL CONTACT, TYPE III, CLASS 2, COMPOSITION A

AS81969/12B (Current)

8/31/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

CRIMPING TOOL AND ACCESSORIES, 18 VDC BATTERY ELECTRIC, PORTABLE HYDRAULIC, WIRE SIZE 8 TO 00 UN-INSULATED, AND SIZE 8 THRU 2 INSULATED CRIMP BARRELS

AS5259/8A (Current)

8/24/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

CONTACTS, ELECTRICAL CONNECTOR, SOCKET, CRIMP REMOVABLE (FOR MIL-DTL-28840 CONNECTORS)

AS39029/84C (Current)

8/14/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

TERMINAL BOARD ASSEMBLY, MOLDED-IN-STUD, ELECTRIC

AS27212F (Current)

8/14/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Why AI Data Centers Need Industrial-Grade Connectors

TBMG-55537

8/1/2026

Trajectory Optimization for Micro Air Vehicle with Multiple Constraints

2026-99-1632

7/24/2026

This study aims to solve the trajectory optimization problem of multi degree of freedom micro air vehicle (MAV) with the aim of improving its flight performance through technological innovation. A multi degree of freedom trajectory optimization (MDFTO) method with sideslip angle and angle of attack as the core control variables was proposed for multiple complex constraints in combat environment, such as terminal accuracy and overload limitation. This method can more accurately characterize and adapt the strong nonlinear, dynamic coupling and time varying characteristics of the MAV in high-speed maneuvering flight. In order to solve this MDFTO problem with multiple constraints and strong nonlinear characteristics efficiently, the hp adaptive pseudospectral method is used in this study, and is verified by simulations based on the GPOPS-II optimization platform. The algorithm has the advantages of highly accurate discrete state and control variables, efficient processing of path and terminal constraints, and adaptive adjustment of the distribution point density. GPOPS-II is able to efficiently adapt to the MDFTO method. The simulation results show that the GPOPS-II can accurately capture the MAV’s dynamic response. Its adaptive node adjustment mechanism effectively balances computational efficiency with solution accuracy, especially during flight phases where state changes drastically, ensuring the reliability of results. The MDFTO method successfully achieves the optimal solution, and the generated trajectory strictly follows the laws of vehicle dynamics and kinematics. This method provides an effective and engineering feasible technical approach for the trajectory optimization of the MAV under complex constraints, and has important theoretical and practical value for improving its strike accuracy, maneuverability and comprehensive combat effectiveness.

An, Zhichao, Ming, Chao, Wen, Guangbao

CRIMPING TOOLS, TYPE 1, HAND OR POWER ACTUATED, WIRE TERMINATION, PNEUMATIC TOOL FOR AS22520/1 POSITIONERS, CONTACT WIRE BARREL SIZES 12 THRU 20

AS22520/29A (Current)7/21/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

A Mode Code Configuration Method for Remote Terminals in 1553B Bus Systems

2026-99-1826

7/17/2026

Requirements of Interface for Aircraft/Store Electrical Interconnection System (GJB 1188A-99) is the current standard followed by all types of carrier aircraft and stores. This paper designed a 1553B bus remote terminal mode code configuration method that met the requirements of GJB1188A standard, completing the interrupt initialization and data initialization of compulsory mode codes. These comprehensive test results confirm that the proposed mode code configuration method is both reliable and effective, and provides strong portability, which can be used as a reference for the GJB1188A interface software design of other components

Han, Bin, Zhang, Kun, Liu, Xuhan, Ye, Jinhan, Li, Zhengmao

The Terminal Guidance Method Improved Based on BP Neural Network

2026-99-1822

7/17/2026

Terminal guidance is critical for ensuring strike precision in the final phase of flight. However, traditional methods, such as proportional navigation and optimal guidance laws, face significant challenges regarding real-time performance and adaptability to dynamic targets. To address these issues, neural networks offer a promising solution by enabling adaptive adjustments to guidance parameters, thereby improving performance under various constraints.

Ma, Hengwei, Wang, Yongfeng, Wen, Hong, Liu, Di, Wei, Yuanhang, Dong, Longhao, Luo, Ying

CRIMPING TOOLS, TYPE I, TERMINAL, HAND OR POWER ACTUATED, WIRE TERMINATION, PNEUMATIC TOOL FOR AS22520/7 POSITIONERS, USE FOR WIRE BARREL SIZES 16 AND SMALLER

AS22520/49 (Current)

7/13/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, CRIMP TYPE, WALL MOUNTING FLANGE, PUSH-PULL, COUPLING, SERIES 2 (CLASS E AND J)

AS31401B (Current)

7/13/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, DUMMY STOWAGE, WALL MOUNTING FLANGE, PUSH-PULL COUPLING (SERIES 1 AND 2 CONNECTORS)

AS31351B (Current)

7/9/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, SOLDER TYPE, WALL MTG. FLANGE, PUSH-PULL COUPLING, SERIES 1 (CLASS E, P, AND J)

AS31301B (Current)

7/9/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC, BOX MOUNTING FLANGE, PUSH-PULL COUPLING, SERIES 1 (CLASS E AND H)

AS31321B (Current)

7/9/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR, RECEPTACLE, ELECTRIC THRU BULKHEAD, WALL MOUNTING FLANGE, SERIES I (CLASS E)

AS31391A (Current)

7/9/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

CONNECTOR, PLUG, ELECTRIC, SOLDER TYPE LANYARD, PUSH-PULL COUPLING, SERIES 1 (CLASS E, P, AND J)

AS31381B (Current)

7/8/2026

AE-8C1 Connectors Committee

Multi-Scale Modelling of Localized Battery Degradation in Heavy-Duty Series Hybrids: From Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Powertrain and Battery Pack Performance

2026-01-0747

7/1/2026

Hybrid electric vehicles rely heavily on battery pack power capability, which is often compromised by non-uniform aging and thermal gradients. Conventional battery models typically use bulk state-of-health metrics, failing to capture localized degradation that leads to current imbalances and reduced pack utility. This paper presents a multi-scale modelling framework that integrates Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy data into a fractional-order equivalent circuit model to simulate localized degradation in Lithium Iron Phosphate cells. Results show that the terminal voltage of LFP cells can be accurately modelled using the proposed fractional-order equivalent circuit with a discrete transfer-function implementation, maintaining root-mean-square errors below 20 mV across most state-of-health and state-of-charge conditions. The validated cell model is then extended to a degradation-aware battery pack representation. The battery pack in this work utilizes a 200-kWh, 800 V architecture consisting of five modules connected in parallel, each module composed of 13 parallel strings of 250 series cells, evaluated under multiple degradation scenarios. By integrating this pack model into a Class-8 series hybrid powertrain simulation, this study quantifies how cell-to-cell heterogeneity impacts vehicle performance under the VECTO regional delivery drive cycle. At the vehicle level, these battery constraints influence engine duty cycles and battery pack stress metrics. When localized degradation reaches up to 40% in one module while the remaining modules degrade up to 20% to 30%, such inhomogeneous degradation reduces the minimum pack terminal voltage by approximately 27% and increases peak discharge current by more than 30%, resulting in more rapid degradation. These battery-level limitations translate into higher fuel consumption by up to 6% in a charge-sustaining scenario.

Safavi, Seyed Reza, Homayouni, Hooman, Shoa, Tina, Wang, Jason, McTaggart-Cowan, Gordon

Stochastic Gradient Pulse Adaptation for Grid Friendly DC Fast Charging of Battery Electric Vehicles

2026-01-0734

7/1/2026

This paper presents Stochastic Gradient Pulse Adaptation (SGPA), a real-time adaptive pulse-charging system for rechargeable electrochemical batteries that dynamically adjusts charging aggressiveness based on the battery's internal response, as opposed to predetermined CC–CV or fixed pulse profiles. SGPA is different from traditional charging methods that use static current de-rating and conservative voltage limits. Instead, SGPA uses gradient-based feedback from terminal voltage behaviour, temperature changes, internal resistance changes, and state of charge to continuously adapt pulse amplitude and duty cycle. This algorithm boosts the charging intensity when the electrochemical circumstances are good. It lowers the pulses slowly when signs of thermal or impedance-related stress show up. Simulation-based proof-of-concept experiments on a heavy-duty multi-battery system show that charging time is less than with multi-CCCV charging, while still keeping the current distribution across packs balanced. The suggested SGPA method adds an adaptive charging algorithm that is easy to understand and ready to use. It makes fast charging more efficient without lowering voltage and thermal safety limits.

Prakashkumar, Balagopal, Mannar, Vignesh

TERMINAL JUNCTION SYSTEM, TERMINAL JUNCTION BLOCKS, SECTIONAL, BUSSING MODULES, FEEDBACK TYPE, SIZE 22D, SERIES I

AS81714/17D (Current)

6/8/2026

AE-8C2 Terminating Devices and Tooling Committee

Electrical Harnessing in Satellite Launch Vehicles of ISRO – Methods for Sustainable, Safe and Reliable Systems

2026-26-0779

6/1/2026

The electrical harness system of satellite launch vehicles functions as the backbone of spacecraft avionics; inter connecting subsystems through complex networks of wires and connectors. An electrical harness is a group of wires bunched together and terminated in connectors. The common insulations used for launch vehicle applications include PTFE, Polyimide, ETFE and TKT. The connectors used are of aerospace grade and connectors tailored for space applications. With over 5000 connectors and 200 km of cables constituting nearly 20% of vehicle mass, the design, fabrication, and sustainability of these systems are critical. The insulations of connectors inserts or the wires are critical for the durability of harness elements. Nevertheless, these insulations are non-expendable and pose disposal challenges and some releases toxic gases when burned or due to vacuum outgassing phenomenon. Also, the cadmium plating which is often used for the environmental resistance of connector shells presents additional risks to the working humans due to its carcinogenic nature and shows tendency to bloom out during storage. This paper presents the methodologies and innovations implemented to develop safe, reliable, and environmentally sustainable harness systems for current and future launch vehicles. Key advancements include the adoption of lean manufacturing practices for waste reduction, the replacement of hazardous cadmium-plated connector shells with stainless-steel alternatives, and the induction of TKT-insulated wires to prevent arc tracking and ensure human-rating compatibility. Additionally, lightweight composite connectors and micro-miniature interconnects are being qualified to support mass optimization in reusable launch vehicles. Through these strategic measures, the study demonstrates how the integration of sustainable materials, safety-oriented design, and process optimization can enhance the performance, safety, and environmental footprint of launch vehicle electrical harness systems.

K S, Nithish, TR, Binny, D S, Praveen Kumar