Browse Topic: Flight control actuators

Items (104)
This aerospace recommended practice provides a framework and suggested procedures or values for requirements for the design, performance, and test of hydraulically powered servoactuators for use in aircraft flight control systems. The original version of this document was intended for military usage: consequently, the requirements still often reflect such use. However, the basic requirements of this ARP may and should be applicable to commercial usage as well, provided that appropriate considerations are given for the applicable FAR/JAR 25 regulations, hydraulic fluids, and environmental conditions
A-6B1 Hydraulic Servo Actuation Committee
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides information on systems integration rigs, commonly referred to as “Iron Birds” for aerospace applications. a It includes background historical information including descriptions of Iron Birds produced to date, important component elements and selection rationale, hydraulic system design and operational modes and illustrates the design approaches to be considered. b It provides illustrations of the various systems that should be considered for Iron Bird testing in the development phase and utilization during the production program. c It includes recommendations for simulation, component development tests, system integration and lessons learned
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines all the relevant issues that affect the generation of an Interface Control Document for Mechanical Actuation Sub-Systems. It is intended to provide to all parties involved with the generation of Mechanical Actuation Sub-Systems, a definition of documentation, drawings, reports and design parameters required to assure a successful development of mechanical actuation sub-systems for Aerospace-Military and Commercial applications
A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides descriptions of aircraft flight control actuation system failure-detection methods. The fault-detection methods are those used for ground and in-flight detection of failures in electrohydraulic actuation systems for primary flight controls
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidelines for the creation of specifications for the Motor Control Electronics (MCE) that are used for operating electrically powered actuators including: Electromechanical Actuators (EMAs) Electrohydrostatic Actuators (EHAs) Electric Back-Up Hydraulic Actuators (EBHAs
A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides a system of graphic symbols and line codings that are intended primarily for usage in hydraulic and pneumatic system schematic diagrams for all types of aircraft
A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes the design conditions under which tests should be conducted to demonstrate satisfactory performance of a flight critical servo-actuator under the maximum allowable particulate contamination in the associated airplane hydraulic system. Additionally, this document also describes the recommended tests and the required acceptance criteria
A-6B1 Hydraulic Servo Actuation Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides definitions and background information regarding the physical performance and testing of electrohydraulic flow control and pressure control servovalves. This ARP also provides extensive guidance for the preparation of procurement specifications and for functional testing. NOTE: An example of a procurement specification is provided as Appendix A
A-6B1 Hydraulic Servo Actuation Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) defines impulse test procedures that are recommended for hydraulic components
A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) has been written to provide in-service reliability data of continuously active ball screw and geared flight control actuation systems
A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) contains regulatory and guidance information related to transport airplane hydraulic systems. It contains certain Civil Air Regulations (CAR) and Federal Aviation Regulations (formerly referred to as FARs) from Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) in their current version as well as the historical versions. This gives the reader an ability to assemble certain CAR/CFR parts as they existed at any date in the past (referred to as a Regulatory Basis). A certain amount of preamble explanatory material is included, which led to the regulatory rule changes (Amendments to the CFR
A-6A1 Commercial Aircraft Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides an algorithm aimed to analyze flight control surface actuator movements with the objective to generate duty cycle data applicable to hydraulic actuator dynamic seals
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes the design, operation, and attributes of electrical braking systems for both military and commercial aircraft. At this time, the document focuses only on brakes utilizing electromechanical actuators (EMAs), as that is the present state of the art. As such, the discussions herein assume that EMAs can simply replace the hydraulic actuation portion of typical brake system leaving things such as the wheel and heat sink unchanged. Furthermore, the document provides detail information from the perspective of brake system design and operation. The document also addresses failure modes, certification issues, and past development efforts. Details on the design and control of electric motors, gear train design, ball or roller screw selection are available in the reference documents and elsewhere, but are outside the scope of this document. Other all-electric technologies such as piezoelectric actuation or more exotic methods of applying drag
A-5A Wheels, Brakes and Skid Controls Committee
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides the general performance, design, installation, test, development, and quality assurance requirements for the flight control related functions of the Vehicle Management Systems (VMS) of military piloted aircraft. It also provides specification guidance for the flight control interfaces with other systems and subsystems of the aircraft
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides design information of various contemporary aircraft fly-by-wire (FBW) flight control actuation systems that may be useful in the design of future systems for similar applications. It is primarily applicable to manned aircraft. It presents the basic characteristics, hardware descriptions, redundancy concepts, functional schematics, and discussions of the servo controls, failure monitoring, and fault tolerance. All existing FBW actuation systems are not described herein; however, those most representing the latest designs are included. While this AIR is intended as a reference source of information for aircraft actuation system designs, the exclusion or omission of any other appropriate actuation system or subsystem should not limit consideration of their use on future aircraft
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) discusses the forms that air may take in aircraft hydraulic systems. Further, the effects of the various air forms on system operation are addressed. Recommended system design to prevent air effects and maintenance procedures to prevent and remove air are provided. Nitrogen leakage from accumulators is also a source of gas in hydraulic systems and may compose a portion of the “air” in the hydraulic system. The term “air” in this report does not differentiate between a gas composed strictly of normal atmospheric air or one that includes a mixture of additional nitrogen as well. The discussions of the report apply equally with any proportions of atmospheric air and nitrogen in the system
A-6C1 Fluids and Contamination Control Committee
Multi-physics interactions between structural, electrical, thermal, or hydraulic components and the high level of system integration, characteristic of new aircraft designs, is increasing the complexity of both design and verification processes. Therefore the availability of tools, supporting integrated modelling, simulation, optimization and testing across all stages of aircraft design remains a critical challenge. This paper presents some results of the project MISSION (Modelling and Simulation Tools for Systems Integration on Aircraft). It is a collaborative task being developed under the European Union Clean Sky 2 Program, which is a public-private partnership bringing together aeronautics industrial leaders and public research organizations based in Europe. The first levels of integration of different models and tools proposed in the MISSION framework will be presented, along with simulation results. The paper will highlight the workflow to perform the various stages of virtual
Burgio, GilbertoMangeruca, LeonardoFerrari, AlbertoCarloni, MarcoValdivia-Guerrero, VirgilioAlbiol-Tendillo, LauraGovindaraju, ParithiGottschall, MarcelOelsner, OlafReglitz, SörenStavesand, Jann-EveHimmler, AndreasYapi, Lionel
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides the technical terms and nomenclature, together with their definitions and abbreviations/acronyms that are used in aerospace fluid power, actuation and control systems. NOTE: ARP490 and ARP4493 are sources for definitions specifically for electrohydraulic servovalves
A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
This Aerospace Recommended Practice provides general requirements for Electrohydrostatic Module (EHM) that is used in Electrohydrostatic Actuator (EHA) for aerospace applications. This document includes design, performance and test (production and qualification) requirements
A-6B2 Electrohydrostatic Actuation Committee
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) defines the materials, strength and finishes utilized in current linear hydraulic flight control actuators. To keep the information at a relevant minimum, only cylinders (barrels), glands and pistons are listed. Also identified are the reasons for the material selection and any pertinent comments. All data were collected from the respective suppliers
A-6B1 Hydraulic Servo Actuation Committee
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) contains Lessons Learned from aerospace actuation, control and fluid power systems technologies. The lessons were prepared by engineers from the aerospace industry and government services as part of SAE Committee A-6, Aerospace Fluid Power, Actuation, and Control Technologies, and were presented to the A-6 during meetings held from 1989 through 1999. The document is organized into five sections covering systems, actuation, hydromechanical components, electrical components and miscellaneous, each further divided into subsections. The lessons are presented in a concise format of Problem, Issue, Solution and Lesson Learned, often with accompanying descriptive diagrams and illustrations for clarity and understanding. Because of the potential growth in the size of the document as new lessons are published, those presented to the A-6 Committee in 2000 and later years are planned to be released in separate slash number documents, AIR4543/1, AIR4543
A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes design, manufacturing performance and test requirements for linear mechanical actuators intended to be used for linear motion applications in response to manual or automatic power control system inputs. It is applicable, but not confined to, ball screws, sliding contact screws, roller screws, helical splines, rack and pinion assemblies, and skewed roller actuators. It is a reference for preparing detail specifications for mechanical actuators compatible and applicable to military or commercial aircraft systems
A-6B3 Electro-Mechanical Actuation Committee
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) supplies information on the flight control systems incorporated on various current and historic fixed wing, rotary wing, and tilt rotor aircraft. A brief description of the aircraft is followed by a description of the flight control system, some specific components, drawings of the internal arrangement, block diagrams, and schematics. System operation redundancy management is also presented
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
The scope of this document is to provide review of recent history of loss-of-control accidents during airline revenue operations
S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans Aircraft
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides a description of the interfaces and their requirements for generic and specific hydraulic actuation systems used in the flight control systems of manned aircraft. Included are the basic control system characteristics and functional requirements, and the essential interfaces (structural, mechanical, hydraulic power, control input, status monitoring, and environment). Major design issues, requirements, and other considerations are presented and discussed
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides general requirements for components that are used in commercial aircraft hydraulic systems. It also includes the 14 CFR Part 25/CS 25 regulations that apply to hydraulic components. It also provides information to be included in the Procurement Specification in Appendix A and a checklist for design reviews in Appendix B. It does not provide requirements for distribution elements such as hoses, pipe fittings and general tubing
A-6A1 Commercial Aircraft Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) establishes the factors which should be considered in the design and installation of a commercial transport rotorcraft hydraulic system, including the applicable airworthiness regulations that affect the hydraulic system. This ARP also provides information and guidelines on the many factors that arise in the design process to provide cost effectiveness, reliability, maintainability and accepted design and installation practices
A-6A1 Commercial Aircraft Committee
This ARP provides insights on how to perform a cost benefit analysis (CBA) to determine the return on investment that would result from implementing an integrated Health Management (HM) system on an air vehicle. The word “integrated” refers to the combination or “roll up” of sub-systems health management tools to create a platform centric system. The document describes the complexity of features that can be considered in the analysis, the different tools and approaches for conducting a CBA and differentiates between military and commercial applications. This document is intended to help those who might not necessarily have a deep technical understanding or familiarity with HM systems but want to either quantify or understand the economic benefits (i.e., the value proposition) that a HM system could provide. Prognostics is a capability within some HM systems that provides an estimation of remaining useful life (RUL) or time to failure and so Prognostic Health Management (PHM) is used
HM-1 Integrated Vehicle Health Management Committee
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidance for the design and installation of a commercial aircraft hydraulic system to meet the applicable requirements, including the applicable airworthiness regulations that affect the hydraulic system design. This ARP also provides information and guidelines on the many factors that arise in the design process to provide cost effectiveness, reliability, maintainability and accepted design and installation practices
A-6A1 Commercial Aircraft Committee
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) contains regulatory and guidance information related to transport airplane hydraulic systems. It contains certain Civil Air Regulations (CAR) and Federal Aviation Regulations (formerly referred to as FARs) from Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) in their current version as well as the historical versions. This gives the reader an ability to assemble certain CAR/CFR parts as they existed at any date in the past (referred to as a Regulatory Basis). A certain amount of preamble explanatory material is included, which led to the regulatory rule changes (Amendments to the CFR
A-6A1 Commercial Aircraft Committee
Much of the available long-term storage test data has been reviewed and topically separated to enable the independent discussion of storage effects on fluids, seals, hydraulic components, and hydraulic systems. Comments are made in Section 4 concerning the applicability of the test results and regarding design practices for storability. Conclusions are drawn in Section 5 regarding inactive storage of hydraulic systems for at least a 7 year period
A-6A2 Military Aircraft Committee
This paper presents a methodology for conceptual aircraft design to evaluate the space available for systems (top-down approach) and to estimate the space required for critical components impacting the aircraft configuration (bottom-up approach). The presented top-down approach introduces the concept of “equivalent design volume”, including the space required for systems and the associated empty space to access, maintain and ventilate them. This approach enables an early feasibility check for aircraft configuration exploration regarding the integration and installation of systems, without having to detail the system architecture. In complement, the bottom-up approach introduces the estimation of the required dimensions for critical components. Here, the example of the flight control actuators integration in the wing tip is presented
Liscouet-Hanke, SusanHuynh, Kenny
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides guidance in the design, development, qualification test, process control and production acceptance test for flight critical control valve (FCCV) design used in military flight control servoactuators where loss of single valve control could cause a catastrophic failure resulting in death, permanent total disability, and/or financial loss exceeding a defined contractual limit. The FCCV, which is one element of a flight control actuator servo control loop, is a variable position control valve which modulates fluid into and out of the servoactuator power stage cylinders. The FCCV may be mechanically driven by either a mechanical flight control system as shown in FIGURE 1 or hydraulically driven from electro-hydraulic servo valve (EHSV) modulation control flow as shown in FIGURE 2. This type of control valve is not an EHSV or a direct drive valve (DDV). The FCCV is used in military hydraulic systems which conform to AS5440
A-6B1 Hydraulic Servo Actuation Committee
Systems shall be classified in terms of type, category and class
A-6A2 Military Aircraft Committee
Hydraulic systems are used on marine vehicles for steering, vehicle control, and utility services. System components that generate and transmit noise are of concern. This SAE Information Report (a) addresses noise requirements which may apply to the hydraulic systems of ships and submersibles, and (b) identifies noise sources and techniques which may be used to reduce system noise. Noise of power sources (e.g., electric motors) and end items (e.g., steering linkages) is beyond the scope of this document
Ship Fluid Systems Committee
This document establishes recommended practices for the specification of general performance, design, test, development, and quality assurance requirements for the flight control related functions of the Vehicle Management Systems (VMS) of military Unmanned Aircraft (UA), the airborne element of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), as defined by ASTM F 2395-07. The document is written for military unmanned aircraft intended for use primarily in military operational areas. The document also provides a foundation for considerations applicable to safe flight in all classes of airspace
A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems Cmt
Given the goal of developing energy-optimized aircraft that employ increasingly higher power loads such as electric flight control actuation, directed energy weapon systems and on-demand cooling systems, advances in battery technology and associated integration methodology will be required to achieve a robust electrical power system design. Batteries based on various Lithium-Ion chemistry technologies represent a 50% improvement in both specific energy and specific power over legacy NiCad and Lead-Acid chemistries. However, along with these benefits come challenges in terms of overall safety, cost and availability. Safety considerations primarily include failure modes that result from the battery being subjected to short-circuit conditions and over-charge conditions. Cost and availability challenges arise primarily from one-off point designs and ensuing low production volumes, but also stem from limited marketplace competition. With respect to safety, recent developments in various
Knowles, Jeff
This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended as a guide in the preparation of Procurement Specifications for electrical actuator systems to be used in aerospace and other applications. Detail requirements, as necessary to completely define a specific actuator, are the responsibility of the procuring agency
AE-7A Generators and Controls Motors and Magnetic Devices
A significant step is achieved on the flight control actuation system toward the more electrical aircraft through the Airbus A380, A400M and the A350 development phase ongoing. The A380/A400M/A350 features a mixed flight control actuation power source distribution, associating electrically powered actuators with conventional FlyByWire hydraulic servocontrols. In the scope of the preparation of the future Airbus Aircraft, this paper presents the perspectives of the use of the EMA technologies for the flight control systems in the more electrical aircraft highlighting the main technical challenges need to treat: jamming susceptibility, “on board” maintenance reduction, Operational reliability increase, power electronics and power management optimization, and regarding the environmental constraints, the predicted performances; the benefits associated to the optimized utilization of on-board power sources. On the 4th of January 2011, an aileron EMA was successful flown on Airbus A320 MSN1
Todeschi, Michel
This specification covers the design and installation requirements for Types I and II military aircraft hydraulic systems
A-6A2 Military Aircraft Committee
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) contains Lessons Learned from aerospace actuation, control and fluid power systems technologies. The lessons were prepared by engineers from the aerospace industry and government services as part of SAE Committee A-6, Aerospace Fluid Power, Actuation, and Control Technologies, and were presented to the A-6 during meetings held from 1989 through 1999. The document is organized into five sections covering systems, actuation, hydromechanical components, electrical components and miscellaneous, each further divided into subsections. The lessons are presented in a concise format of Problem, Issue, Solution and Lesson Learned, often with accompanying descriptive diagrams and illustrations for clarity and understanding. Because of the potential growth in the size of the document as new lessons are published, those presented to the A-6 Committee in 2000 and later years are planned to be released in separate slash number documents, AIR4543/1, AIR4543
A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
The characteristics of large electrical loads encountered in the modern More Electric Aircraft (MEA) require regenerative power processing in order to preserve the power quality within acceptable transient and steady state limits. In an MEA with large active loads and pulsed power demands, it is necessary to employ an architecture that safely and effectively processes regenerative energy resulting from the dynamic loads. For instance, the electrical flight control actuation presents one of the largest regenerative power sources encountered by the generation system. Typical approach is to dissipate this energy through resistors of the power electronics which increases the size and penalizes the aircraft. This paper covers certain regenerative load properties, their electrical characteristics, the common approaches for mitigating regenerative power challenges, and an innovative approach for processing regenerative power by effectively utilizing on-board equipment to minimize the burden
Tajirian, EdmondWalia, Paramjit (Pete)Lui, ClarenceWong, IvanLee, Chris
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) comprises the technical terms and nomenclature, together with their definitions and abbreviations that are used in aerospace Fluid Power Actuation and Control Systems. NOTE: When a term is applicable to more than one branch or segment of the technology it may have different meanings and definitions in each. Where this occurs the multiple listings with appropriate designations will be shown under the same primary term
A-6 Aerospace Actuation, Control and Fluid Power Systems
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