Browse Topic: Aircraft displays
Aerospace manufacturers are leveraging multicore processors and modularity to design smarter cockpit displays and avionic computers that are smaller and capable of supporting more applications from a single line replaceable unit (LRU). Some are also starting to embed more of the processing required to enable cockpit display applications within the display itself, rather than having it enabled by an associated LRU. The development of new electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft and avionics companies changing their approach to the development of safety critical computers and aircraft networking technologies are some of the aerospace industry factors driving this design trend. In the U.S., the Department of Defense (DoD) embracing the Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) across the purchase of all new aircraft technologies is influencing design changes in cockpit displays and aircraft computers as well
This document is intended to highlight critical design issues that a panel designer should understand when designing panels for NVIS applications. It is not intended to be a discussion of the benefits of one lighting technology versus another. Refer to ARP4168 for a more complete discussion of these lighting technologies
This specification covers the chromaticity and transmission requirements of aircraft lighting and light transmitting ware in descending order of transmission. It is intended for use in aviation lighting
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) provides a method for gas turbine engine performance computer programs to be written using Fortran COMMON blocks. If a “function-call application program interface” (API) is to be used, then ARP4868 and ARP5571 are recommended as alternatives to that described in this document. When it is agreed between the program user and supplier that a particular program shall be supplied in Fortran, this document shall be used in conjunction with AS681 for steady-state and transient programs. This document also describes how to take advantage of the Fortran CHARACTER storage to extend the information interface between the calling program and the engine subroutine
The recommendations of this document apply to such aircraft as are able to perform both normal angle and steep IMC approaches, the latter being defined as those approaches having a final approach segment angle greater than 4°. Such aircraft can include both conventional and STOL fixed-wing aircraft, commercial air transport and/or utility and normal category helicopters, compound helicopters and powered lift vehicles (tiltrotors, tiltfans, tiltwings, etc
The objective of this ARP is to provide a set of user-centered design guidelines for the implementation of data driven electronic aeronautical charts, which dynamically create charts from a database of individual elements. The data driven chart is intended to provide information required to navigate, but it is not intended to supplant the aircraft’s primary navigation display. These guidelines seek to provide a balance between standardization of equipment with similar intended functions and individual manufacturer innovation. This ARP provides guidelines for the display of an electronic chart that can replace existing paper. This document addresses what information is required, when it is required, and how it should be displayed and controlled. This document does not include all the detailed specifications required to generate an electronic aeronautical chart. This document primarily addresses the human factors aspects of electronic chart display, and does not address the software
The recommended design approach is described in Figure 1. The approach emphasizes the fundamental relationship between symbols, the information they encode, the context within which the symbols are displayed, and the tasks being supported. While this document is aimed at aircraft displays involving dynamic control or monitoring tasks, the methodology is applicable to a wide range of symbology development situations
This paper presents recent advances in automotive microprocessor, operating system, and supporting software technology that supports regulatory and/or functional safety graphics within vehicle cockpit displays. These graphics include “virtual switches” that replace physical switches in the vehicle, as well as “virtual indicators” that replace physical indicator lights. We discuss the functional safety design process and impacts to software and hardware architecture as well as the software design methods to implement End-To-End [E2E] network protection between different ECUs and software processes. We also describe hardware monitoring requirements within the display panel, backlighting, and touch screen and examine an example system design to illustrate the concepts
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice covers the recommended requirements for the lighting and characteristics of instruments; information plates and displays, emergency, cautionary, advisory and status displays; circuit breaker and toggle switch positions; and the recommended requirements for the utility lighting system
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains methods used to measure the optical performance of airborne electronic flat panel display (FPD) systems. The methods described are specific to the direct view, liquid crystal matrix (x-y addressable) display technology used on aircraft flight decks. The focus of this document is on active matrix, liquid crystal displays (LCD). The majority of the procedures can be applied to other display technologies, however, it is cautioned that some techniques need to be tailored to different display technologies. The document covers monochrome and color LCD operation in the transmissive mode within the visual spectrum (the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm). These procedures are adaptable to reflective and transflective displays paying special attention to the source illumination geometry. Photometric and colorimetric measurement procedures for airborne direct view CRT (cathode ray tube) displays are found in ARP1782. Optical measurement
This collection of C++ classes allows users to create and simulate aerospace vehicle models that are needed to test prototyped display software. A software model of the Apollo LEM spacecraft was developed on a Windows-based PC, and was used for initial testing and research of cockpit displays. The model was later updated to the current Altair configuration — the name of NASA’s next lunar lander. The software models the Moon geometry based on Clementine data and lunar gravity in a 6-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) model. The mass/inertias are modeled from the current, known data of the latest released Altair model
This ARP describes methods for measuring the visual performance of direct view cathode ray tube displays used in aircraft flight decks and cockpits. Procedures may vary depending upon the type of display (for example, monochrome, color shadowmask, beam index, etc.), but all types are considered
CLARA identifies four functions: Data Space Generator, Truth Data Generator, Coefficient Generator, and Reconstructor. Together these four functions standardize the solution to the LAR problem. This ICD defines the logical interfaces of the four functions
Wilbrecht LEDCO’s new Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) compatible LEDs are designed for avionics applications that require night vision compatibility. Available in green, yellow, white and red in both 3mm and 5mm sizes, these specially filtered LEDs allow the cockpit display to be visible to the unaided eye, as well as fully night vision goggle (NVG) compatible per MIL-STD-3009 and MIL-L-85762A
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains methods used to measure the optical performance of airborne electronic flat panel display (FPD) systems. The methods described are specific to the direct view, liquid crystal matrix (x-y addressable) display technology used on aircraft flight decks. The focus of this document is on active matrix, liquid crystal displays (LCD). The majority of the procedures can be applied to other display technologies, however, it is cautioned that some techniques need to be tailored to different display technologies. The document covers monochrome and color LCD operation in the transmissive mode within the visual spectrum (the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm). These procedures are adaptable to reflective and transflective displays paying special attention to the source illumination geometry. Photometric and colorimetric measurement procedures for airborne direct view CRT (cathode ray tube) displays are found in SAE ARP1782. Optical measurement
This ARP describes methods for measuring the visual performance of direct view cathode ray tube displays used in aircraft flight decks and cockpits. Procedures may vary depending upon the type of display (for example, monochrome, color shadowmask, beam index, etc.), but all types are considered
The recommended design approach is described in Figure 1. The approach emphasizes the fundamental relationship between symbols, the information they encode, the context within which the symbols are displayed, and the tasks being supported. While this document is aimed at aircraft displays involving dynamic control or monitoring tasks, the methodology is applicable to a wide range of symbology development situations
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies minimum performance standards for airborne binocular Head Up Displays (HUDs) in fixed wing aircraft. This document covers criteria for conformal and non-conformal HUD systems that are intended for use in the cockpit by the pilot or copilot. Display minimum performance characteristics are specified for standard and other environmental conditions for the purpose of product qualification. This document does not address sensor imaging systems, displays worn by the pilot (goggles, helmet mounted displays) or specific symbology to be displayed
CLARA identifies four functions: Data Space Generator, Truth Data Generator, Coefficient Generator, and Reconstructor. Together these four functions standardize the solution to the LAR problem. This ICD defines the logical interfaces of the four functions
A prototype hybrid terrain database is being developed in conjunction with other databases and with hardware and software that constitute subsystems of aerospace cockpit display systems (known in the art as synthetic vision systems) that generate images to increase pilots’ situation awareness and eliminate poor visibility as a cause of aviation accidents. The basic idea is to provide a clear view of the world around an aircraft by displaying computer generated imagery derived from an onboard database of terrain, obstacle, and airport information
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies minimum performance standards for Electronic Displays which are intended for use in the cockpit by the pilot or other flight personnel under standard and other environmental conditions. The four basic types of displays based on function and criticality are covered as follows: Airborne Electronic Displays can include one or more of the following interconnected components. Other configurations are possible. Symbol Generator/Processor Unit (SG) containing display processing and symbol generation processing and symbol generation capability, power supplies, interface logic/buffer circuits and Display Unit interface capability. The SG receives data from external sources, produces symbols as electronic signals, and transmits the symbols to the Display Units(s). Control Panel (CP) is an optional component providing the means for manually selecting display symbology options/modes, selections, settings, brightness, etc. Display Unit (DU) providing the
This specification covers the general requirements for integrally illuminated information panels
This Aerospace Standard (AS) provides the method for presentation of gas turbine engine steady-state and transient performance calculated using digital computer programs. It also provides for the presentation of parametric gas turbine data including performance, weight and dimensions computed by digital computer programs. This standard is intended to facilitate calculations by the program user without unduly restricting the method of calculation used by the program supplier
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains methods used to measure the optical performance of airborne flat panel display (FPD) systems. The methods described are specific to the direct view, liquid crystal matrix (x-y addressable) display technology used on aircraft flight decks. The focus of this document is on active matrix, liquid crystal displays (LCD), however, the majority of the procedures can be applied to other display technologies. The document covers monochrome and color LCD operation in the transmissive mode within the visual spectrum (the wavelength range of 380 to 780 nm). These procedures are adaptable to reflective and transflective displays paying special attention to the source illumination geometry. Generally, the procedures describe manual single point measurements. The individual procedures may be readily incorporated into automated testing equipment (ATE) or other automated environments. This also includes, but is not limited to Fourier scopes and
This Aerospace Standard (AS) provides a method for the presentation of gas turbine engine steady-state and/or transient performance as calculated by means of digital computer programs. It also provides a method for the presentation of gas turbine parametric performance, weight and dimensions by means of digital computer programs. It is intended to facilitate calculations by the program user without unduly restricting the method of calculation used by the program supplier
This Aerospace Standard (AS) provides a method for the presentation of gas turbine engine steady-state and/or transient performance as calculated by means of digital computer programs. It also provides a method for the presentation of gas turbine parametric performance, weight and dimensions by means of digital computer programs. It is intended to facilitate calculations by the program user without unduly restricting the method of calculation used by the program supplier
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