Browse Topic: Robotics

Items (2,115)
To obtain additional space for industrial sorting and assembly line labeling operations, this study conducts an analysis of the four-bar mechanism. Based on this analysis and combination, the redundant parallel mechanism is introduced. That is, on the basis of the traditional parallel mechanism with central rotation, the objective of expanding the working space is achieved. The degree of freedom of the screw theory and the disparities between the working space of this mechanism and that of the traditional mechanism are analyzed. Finally, through application analysis, it is demonstrated that the working space of this mechanism is variable and that the mechanism can adapt to diverse workplaces.
Li, WenqianZhang, Xiaojie
To address the challenges faced by micro flapping-wing flying robots in visual navigation—specifically, the large volume of visual information and the difficulty in transforming it into usable intelligent visual data—this paper proposes a clustering-based data-driven approach for directional and image perception. The aim is to enable intelligent visual navigation for flapping-wing robots. The proposed method performs clustering analysis on gyroscope data from the flapping-wing robot to extract directional features. Simultaneously, it applies clustering techniques to visual images captured by the robot to identify intelligent features such as edges. This approach enables the robot to acquire multiple optimized perceptual data types, thereby enhancing the behavior control system. Through the use of clustering analysis, the method not only improves the effectiveness of visual navigation but also extracts features related to visual targets and environmental information, providing technical support for visual target tracking. The experimental platform consists of a flapping-wing robot equipped with an onboard camera, and the proposed clustering-driven visual image perception approach has been experimentally validated. Experimental results demonstrate the high feasibility and effectiveness of the method in practical applications. The main contributions of this study lie in two aspects: (1) a clustering-driven visual image perception method for flapping-wing robots, and (2) a clustering-based approach for identifying posture and behavioral patterns of flapping-wing flying robots.
Li, ZixuanDing, WeiZhang, FengSong, MinLiu, ZhaomingMiao, LeiLiu, HaotianBai, NingTian, ShenCui, LongWang, Hongwei
There's a well-known video from San Francisco in 1906 that comes up repeatedly in mobility discussions here in the 21st Century. If you haven't seen A Trip Down Market Street, it depicts the absolute bonkers variety of transportation methods used on Market Street back then: cable cars, horsecars, streetcars, pedestrians, automobiles and more. Past is prologue in a world that is adding scooters, delivery robots and other last-minute delivery vehicles to our streets. At the 2026 New York International Auto Show in April, Honda displayed its latest option in the form of the Fastport eQuad Prototype. The eQuad was originally unveiled at Eurobike 2025 and technically comes from Fastport, a micromobility venture from the Honda New Business Innovation Lab that was established to work on projects with global logistics companies. Jamie Davies, chief of operations for Fastport, called the group a kind of startup within Honda. “Three years ago,” Davies told SAE Media in New York, “a small group of Honda associates [came] together and [said], Okay, how can we create a new value for the company, a new business vertical? And so we've run the project in an agile way, working with customers all along the way to understand what their needs are, what the requirements are, and to bring to market something that fits.”
Blanco, Sebastian
Robot Arm Tracking Control refers to the control of robot end effectors following a prescribed trajectory as their movement in robotic systems. The work presents a combination of Kalman Filter Based Dynamic System Tracking with Reinforcement Learning Based Trajectory Planning. These two aspects of tracking and planning help the robotic manipulator dynamically track a target that is located on an arbitrary moving path. In particular, by using Kalman filtering to estimate the position of a moving target and to compensate for sensor noise and sparse sampling, we take high-precision estimation values of each point’s coordinates along the target trajectory as a reliable basis to build a policy network using reinforcement learning. Based on it, the robot manipulator could produce effective motion planning under its own dynamic capabilities and physical constraint limit. Comprehensive simulation results illustrate advantages of the new algorithm against the classical control method, confirm that the novel technique achieves better performance both in accuracy and computation efficiency. Also, this mixed control system can deal with complex moving path for track target object. Even when meet different obstacle and not sure measurement, it still works well with other moving obstacle in many conditions. This can be strong to face other dynamic obstacle even if have different situation with changing obstacle and uncertain data. It shows that this paper works as an attempt toward optimal solution to combine the model-based technique together with data-driven approach aiming to support real-time, highly accurate, adaptive prediction is based control technique, promising applications into industry and promoting more improved works related.
Yu, JingzeWang, YujiaLi, JunshenChen, CongXu, Peng
Soft robot systems demonstrate exceptional load-bearing capacity and spatial compliance during operation, with transformative potential in disaster response scenarios requiring adaptive morphology and hazardous material manipulation. By integrating the complementary advantages of soft robotics and particle jamming mechanisms, this study proposes a real-time variable-stiffness soft actuator, while systematically investigating its mathematical modeling framework and stiffness modulation principles. A deformation model for the variable stiffness soft actuator is established, followed by static analysis of the variable-stiffness members using particle jamming theory, with theoretical investigation of their stress distributions. Subsequently, a variable-stiffness driver was fabricated via additive manufacturing (3D printing), resulting in a flexible mechanical digit capable of stiffness tuning, A soft mechanical hand grasping test platform was built, and grasping experiments of objects of different shapes and sizes were conducted. Experimental validation confirms the influence of actuator dimensions, particle characteristics, and granule size distribution on both stress states and bending angles at the soft robotic digit’s distal segment. The obtained results establish theoretical foundations and advance variable-stiffness soft robotics research and associated stiffness regulation methodologies.
Wang, JianYuan, HaiyangDeng, HaishunChen, Jiaxian
Robotic ultrasound scanning technology is a research hotspot in the field of medical imaging, and can achieve standardized and high-precision data acquisition. However, large force tracking errors occur during scanning, especially in complex human tissues, which can severely degrade image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, we propose an adaptive speed-regulated impedance control strategy to address this challenge, which innovatively combines the spline real-time interpolation and impedance control for constant force tracking. Firstly, the discrete ultrasound scanning paths are fitted to generate a smooth and synchronized interpolation trajectory. Then, the speed of the reference trajectory is adjusted in real time based on the Taylor formula to reduce the force tracking error. Experimental verification was conducted, and the results showed that the force tracking error increases with the increase of trajectory speed. In addition, at high speeds (e.g., 10 mm/s), the mean/variance of the force tracking error of the proposed method (0.3067N/0.2784) is reduced by 31.1%/37.4% respectively compared with the mean/variance of the traditional impedance control (0.4452N/0.4448), fully demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
Min, KangZhang, LeShi, YudongFang, JinMo, HangjieLi, Xiaojian
Machina Labs recently closed its latest round of financing with $124 million, enough to develop a facility featuring up to 50 of its RoboCraftsman cells capable of producing thousands of complex structural assemblies for aerospace and defense customers - a list that already includes Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Air Force, among others. Founded in 2019, Machina Labs is a California-based company that seeks to reinvent metal manufacturing with a robot that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to rapidly form and assemble complex military grade structures directly from digital design files. RoboCraftsman is the company's manufacturing robot that leverages its proprietary “RoboForming” process to integrate multiple manufacturing processes - including metal forming, trimming, scanning, and heat treating - into a single containerized machine.
USC Viterbi researcher received Office of Naval Research's Young Investigator Program award with Study on dexterous robotics. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA In dynamic, unstructured environments like ship decks and even home kitchens, robots today still struggle to perform precision tasks such as tightening bolts or handling wires. This makes critical ship maintenance tasks difficult. USC researcher, Erdem Bıyık, aims to advance robots' finger manipulation and integrate human feedback to enable real-time learning for robots in an upcoming three-year, $750,000 project funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR).
As the adoption of electric vehicles continues to accelerate, the demand for their development and testing using chassis dynamometers has also increased significantly. Compared with internal combustion engine vehicles, chassis dynamometer testing for electric vehicles typically requires test durations several to several dozen times longer, resulting in substantially increased labor requirements. In addition, low-temperature testing is often required, further intensifying the workload associated with vehicle testing. To address these challenges, this study developed and evaluated a pedal robot designed to enable unmanned and automated testing. The pedal robot developed in this study weighs only 12 kg and can be installed within a few minutes. It is, to the authors’ knowledge, the world’s first pedal robot that mimics human driving behavior by using a single foot to operate both the accelerator and brake pedals. Unlike conventional driving robots, the actuators of the proposed system do not require direct mechanical attachment to the vehicle pedals, allowing for rapid installation. Furthermore, the robot is mounted on the driver-side floor, eliminating the need for attachment to the seat structure. The pedal robot features three degrees of freedom driven by three motors and employs artificial intelligence to recognize the shape and position of pedals across different vehicle models, thereby enabling automated test initiation without manual adjustment. The performance of the pedal robot was evaluated under UDDS, HWFET, and WLTC driving modes, and the results were analyzed in accordance with the SAE J2951 standard. Comparative evaluations demonstrated that the pedal robot achieved superior speed-tracking performance relative to that of an experienced human test driver. The developed pedal robot is currently being utilized for vehicle certification testing of electric and other vehicles at the Mobile Environment Research Center of the National Institute of Environmental Research in Korea. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the corresponding experimental results.
Lee, DaeyupKang, Ji MyeongJo, YechanChoi, SeongUnShin, JaesikKim, JongminKang, Keonwoo
Autonomous mobile robots are becoming a key part of everyday operations in industries like manufacturing, logistics, healthcare, and even home assistance. A core requirement for these robots is the ability to navigate efficiently and reliably within their operating environments. To do this automation, the robot needs to understand its surroundings, figure out where it is on a map, and find a safe path from where it is to where it needs to go without bumping into anything. This paper presents an effective grid-based path planning solution for autonomous indoor navigation with a mobile robot. Achieving reliable and collision-free navigation in changing environments is a major challenge for mobile robotics. This is especially true when obstacles can appear unexpectedly, requiring quick re-planning. To tackle this issue, an improved A* algorithm was implemented to work closely with LiDAR for environmental awareness. The improved algorithm was added to the robot’s navigation system, and LiDAR data were used for simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) with Gmapping. A key improvement was integrating with ROS move_base control instead of using direct velocity control, enabling smoother motion and better path tracking. Additionally, the improved A* path is further simplified into a series of crucial waypoints, which are followed by move_base while the system watches LiDAR data in real time to spot obstacles. When a moving obstacle is detected, the planner recalculates the path and updates waypoints, enabling the robot to go around the obstruction and continue toward its goal safely. Tests in real indoor environments showed that the proposed system performs reliably at avoiding dynamic obstacles, navigating smoothly, and achieving goals. By combining heuristic planning, LiDAR perception, and ROS navigation tools, the proposed system offers a practical solution for autonomous mobile robot navigation.
Devaraj, Sriram SanjeevPark, Jungme
Topology optimization (TO) of dynamic structures has traditionally been constrained to single-body components and simplified harmonic load assumptions. Extending TO to multibody dynamic systems (MBS) remains challenging due to complex coupling between inertia, mass distribution, and joint constraints. This paper presents an inertia-aware topology optimization framework that integrates mass moment of inertia (MMI) constraints within an enhanced Equivalent Static Displacement (ESD) methodology. Building upon the authors’ previously developed ESD framework, the proposed approach — termed Inertia-Augmented Equivalent Static Displacement (IA-ESD) — explicitly incorporates inertial effects arising from accelerations and joint interactions. The approach enables dynamically consistent optimization by coupling design-dependent inertia tensors with equivalent static displacements derived from nonlinear multibody dynamics. Case studies involving an MBB beam and a piston–connecting rod assembly demonstrate that accounting for MMI constraints yields lighter, stiffer, and dynamically balanced multibody topologies. The proposed method establishes a foundation for inertia-aware structural design with applications in aerospace, automotive, and robotics engineering.
Gupta, AakashTovar, Andres
Formation control simplifies minimizing multi-robot cost functions by encoding a cost function as a shape the robots maintain. However, by reducing complex cost functions to formations, discrepancies arise between maintaining the shape and minimizing the original cost function. For example, a Diamond or Box formation shape is often used for protecting all members of the formation. When more information about the surrounding environment becomes available, a static shape often no longer minimizes the original protection cost. We propose a formation planner to reduce mismatch between a formation and the cost function while still leveraging efficient formation controllers. Our formation planner is a two-step optimization problem that identifies desired relative robot positions. We first solve a constrained problem to estimate non-linear and non-differentiable costs with a weighted sum of surrogate cost functions. We theoretically analyze this problem and identify situations where weights do not need to be updated. The weighted, surrogate cost function is then minimized using relative positions between robots. The desired relative positions are realized using a non-cooperative formation controller derived from Lyapunov’s direct approach. We then demonstrate the efficacy of this approach for military-like costs such as protection and obstacle avoidance. In simulations, we show a formation planner can reduce a single cost by over 75%. When minimizing a variety of cost functions simultaneously, using a formation planner with adaptive weights can reduce the cost by 40-60% . Formation planning provides better performance by minimizing a surrogate cost function that closely approximates the original cost function instead of relying on a shape abstraction.
Cornwall, ChazBos, Jeremy
Imagine a robot about the size of a toaster floating through the tight corridors of the International Space Station, quietly moving supplies or checking for leaks — all without an astronaut at the controls. Such technology could free up valuable time for astronauts and open new opportunities for robotics-based exploration. That sci-fi vision is coming closer to reality now that Stanford researchers have become the first to show that machine-learning-based control can operate aboard the ISS.
During the 2025 Association of the United States Army (AUSA) annual meeting and exhibition, Forterra announced several major defense industry vehicle partnerships and introduced four new integrated modules designed to enable autonomy for military vehicles, communications, and more. Headquartered in Clarksburg, Maryland, Forterra develops autonomous mission systems for specific defense applications, including robotics and self-driving vehicles. The company has a new partnership with BAE Systems that will rapidly prototype an autonomous Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV). Separately, Forterra has also collaborated with Oshkosh Defense and Raytheon to develop the “DeepFires” autonomous vehicle launcher technology.
Multimodal sensors, capable of simultaneously acquiring multiple physical or chemical signals, have shown broad application potential in fields such as health monitoring, soft robotics, and energy systems. However, current multimodal sensors often suffer from complex fabrication processes and signal decoupling challenges, which limit their practical deployment. To address these issues, this work presents a thin-film temperature–strain multimodal sensor (FTSMS) fabricated via laser processing. The temperature-sensing unit, based on the Seebeck effect, achieves a sensitivity of 9.08 μV/°C, while the strain-sensing unit, utilizing BaTiO₃/AlN@PDMS as the sensitive layer, exhibits a gauge factor (GF) of 43.2. By integrating distinct sensing mechanisms (thermovoltage for temperature and capacitance change for strain), the FTSMS enables self-decoupled measurements over 20–90 °C. Applied in LIB monitoring, it successfully captures real-time temperature and strain variations during charge-discharge cycles and provides multidimensional information throughout thermal runaway (TR) processes, enabling early TR warning and supporting safety-oriented battery design.
Wang, ZiweiLi, ZhenglinGao, YangXuan, Fuzhen
SAE TOMORROW TODAY - Why SDV Strategy Needs Application Layer Innovation135562/20/2026
What's really holding back software-defined vehicles (SDVs) ... and where should automakers shift their focus? Listen in as we sit down with John Wall, President of QNX, to explore how a trusted, safety-certified foundation frees OEMs to innovate faster, collaborate more effectively, and deliver differentiated vehicles. Drawing on insights from the Under the Hood: SDV Developer Report, they unpack why automakers must shift away from maintaining complex, non-differentiating software and focus instead on application-layer innovation to better define brand identity and customer experience. You'll also learn how QNX is expanding into robotics, healthcare, and industrial automation with its secure, high-performance operating system. Whether you're fascinated by autonomous cars, collaborative robots, or the future of AI in physical systems, this episode is packed with insights on innovation, safety, and the power of partnerships. We'd love to hear from you. Share your comments, questions and ideas for future topics and guests to podcast@sae.org. Don't forget to take a moment to follow SAE Tomorrow Today--a podcast where we discuss emerging technology and trends in mobility with the leaders, innovators and strategists making it all happen--and give us a review on your preferred podcasting platform. Follow SAE on LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook, X, and YouTube. Follow host Grayson Brulte on LinkedIn, X, and Instagram.
Patterson, Lori
Penn State UAS Research Lab (PURL) and Autonomous Robotics Competition Club (ARCC)
Iyer, VenkatakrishnanAxten, RachelSurendran, VidullanValente, VitorJohnson, Eric
This paper presents a bidirectional digital twin developed for the Fischertechnik Smart Factory Kit, enabling real-time simulation and validation of production line modifications prior to actual deployment. The digital twin integrates with a Siemens Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to mirror real-world operations, capturing live production data and visualizing key factory parameters, such as product, process, and resource metrics within a 3D environment. Engineers can test various optimization scenarios by adjusting robot speed and path, conveyor speeds, part & process sequences, and modifying equipment layout sizes to enhance efficiency. Based on the optimization scenarios, the best-performing configurations are identified using metrics such as throughput, cycle time, and resource utilization. Once validated, these changes are directly deployed to the PLC, ensuring seamless implementation. Beyond capacity optimization, this solution enhances overall production efficiency by minimizing idle time and parts waiting time, balancing workloads, and reducing unplanned disruptions. Additionally, by virtually simulating product variations and process changes, the digital twin helps identify design simplifications, reduce product complexity, and streamline manufacturing workflows. A digital twin of the manufacturing system serves as an integrated solution, unifying capabilities such as predictive maintenance, efficiency monitoring, simulation, and analytics in real time. By bridging technology gaps and offering a comprehensive view of the entire production process, it enhances decision-making, maximizes resource utilization, and facilitates seamless technology adoption across the factory. This approach significantly reduces downtime, accelerates response times, and boosts automation, demonstrating the transformative potential of digital twins in optimizing manufacturing operations [1].
Kumar, RahulSingh, Randhir
This paper elucidates the implementation of software-controlled synchronous rectification and dead time configuration for bi-directional controlled DC motors. These motors are extensively utilized in applications such as robotics and automotive systems to prolong their operational lifespan. Synchronous rectification mitigates large current spikes in the H-bridge, reducing conduction losses and improving efficiency [1]. Dead time configuration prevents shoot-through conditions, enhancing motor efficiency and longevity. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in motor performance, including reduced thermal stress, decreased power consumption, and increased reliability [2]. The reduction in power consumption helps to minimize thermal stress, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and longevity of the motor.
Patil, VinodKulkarni, MalharSoni, Asheesh Kumar
It all started when Owen Kent and Todd Roberts became roommates at the University of California Berkeley. Owen has muscular dystrophy and had recently acquired a robotic arm, which he noticed he was using to do range of motion. Todd had come to Berkeley to study mechanical engineering with a focus on biomechanics, and both were enrolled in Designing for the Human Body, a biomechanics course taught by Mechanical Engineering Professor Grace O’Connell.
EPFL researchers have engineered a fiber-based electronic sensor that remains functional even when stretched to over 10 times its original length. The device holds promise for smart textiles, physical rehabilitation devices, and soft robotics.
This research aimed to develop a method for identifying and prioritizing the feasibility of automation in administrative processes, using as an example an application in a Shared Services Center (SSC) of a Brazilian multinational in the auto parts sector. The study considers the use of various automation technologies, including Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Decision Rules, Extract, Transform, Load (ETL), Analytics, and Workflow, with the goal of optimizing operational efficiency and reducing costs. The methodological approach adopted is based on Design Science Research (DSR), allowing for the creation and validation of an innovative artifact that, through a questionnaire applied to each process, assists in identifying the administrative processes most suitable for automation. Using the questionnaire responses, an indicator is calculated related to the percentage of automation feasibility (Paut) of the processes. The results obtained demonstrate an artifact that makes the identification and prioritization of processes faster and more efficient, in addition to supporting the selection of the appropriate technology to be applied. The tool was evaluated by technology and process specialists and received average scores of 9.17 for usability and cost-benefit, and 7.5 for scalability, indicating good overall acceptance. It is expected that the theoretical and practical contributions of this research may serve future studies in the area and be adaptable to different organizational contexts.
Junior, Osvaldo Vicente JardimCampos, Renato deFranco, Bruno Chaves
To alleviate the congestion in general-purpose lanes while exclusive bus lanes remain idle, this paper proposes absolute-priority bus lane design with clearance distance. By establishing specific clearance distances and lane-changing rules, the proposed design method not only enhances overall road utilization efficiency but also ensures unimpaired bus speeds, thereby maintaining bus priority. The simulation is performed based on cellular automaton (CA) model and the results demonstrate that this design is effective when general-purpose lane traffic density ranges between 0-50 vehicles/km/lane, with greater improvements in other non-public vehicle speeds under longer bus dispatch intervals. These results provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for future bus lane management.
Wei, LiyingYang, NanGao, Chang
Bosch Rexroth displayed new battery automation solutions at The Battery Show 2025 in Detroit in October, focusing on making batteries in a more efficient manner. The company's customizable conveyance system can now add the ctrlX Flow HS linear motion system and the ctrlX Flow 6D contactless transport system to move components, promising new options in an era when everyone and their suppliers are looking for ways to make better EVs. Andreas Letsch, director of the Battery Factory Automation Center of Competence at Bosch Rexroth AG, told SAE Media that the new additions can make a modern battery plant more efficient as its footprint shrinks. Used with the company's Cartesian multi-axis systems, the new systems offer improved ways to position components and handle tasks. The multi-axis cobots can effectively shift workspace vertically - they need less floor space than traditional 6-axis robot arms - providing another important factor in an efficient facility.
Blanco, Sebastian
From sorting objects in a warehouse to navigating furniture while vacuuming, robots today use sensors, software control systems, and moving parts to perform tasks. The harder the task or more complex the environment, the more cumbersome and expensive the electronic components.
Robots may soon have a new way to communicate with people. Not through words or screens, but with light and images projected directly onto the world around them.
Missions to the moon and other planets will require large-scale infrastructure that would benefit from autonomous assembly by robots without on-site human intervention. Modular and reconfigurable structures, such as those built from lattice-based building blocks, are reusable and easy to manufacture. Furthermore, reconfigurable systems have the potential to outperform traditional, fixed infrastructure in applications that require high levels of flexibility in addition to structural strength and rigidity. NASA Ames Research Center has developed a novel and efficient mobile bipedal robot system to construct low-mass, high precision, and largescale infrastructure.
Like octopi squeezing through a tiny sea cave, metatruss robots can adapt to demanding environments by changing their shape. These mighty morphing robots are made of trusses composed of hundreds of beams and joints that rotate and twist, enabling astonishing volumetric transformations.
Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed a soft robotic skin that enables vine robots that are just a few millimeters wide to navigate convoluted paths and fragile environments. To accomplish this, the researchers integrated a very thin layer of actuators made of liquid crystal elastomer at strategic locations in the soft skin. The robot is steered by controlling the pressure inside its body and temperature of the actuators.
This paper presents a novel approach to automated robot programming and robot integration in manufacturing domain and minimizing the dependency on manual online/offline programming. Traditional industrial robots programming is typically done by online programing via teach pendants or by offline programming tools. This presents a major challenge as it requires skilled professionals and is a time-consuming process. In today’s competitive market, factories need to harness their full potential through smart and adaptive thinking to keep pace with evolving technology, customer demand, and manufacturing processes. This requires ability to manufacture multiple products on the same production line, minimum time for changeovers and implement robotic automation for efficiency enhancement. But each custom automation piece also demands significant human efforts for development and maintenance. By integrating the Robot Operating System (ROS) with vision-based 3D model generation systems, we address these challenges effectively. A ROS-based framework has been developed to automate the manual offline robot programming and enable real-time task optimization for performing manufacturing operations such as painting, welding, and torquing. The proposed framework—Capture → Connect → Compile → Create—using RGBD camera systems to record 3D point cloud data and part details. It then connects the complete points, annotate features, interprets edges and tasks to be performed and then convert into executable robotic programs. This method significantly reduces manual programming efforts and enables rapid deployment of robotic systems across diverse tasks. The paper outlines the system architecture, implementation methodology, and integration strategy within existing manufacturing lines. Through autonomous robotic programming, this approach enhances mass customization and boosts overall manufacturing efficiency. The proposed system offers a scalable solution for smart factories aiming to achieve high productivity, flexibility, and reduced operational costs.
Hepat, Abhijeet
Off-highway vehicles (OHVs) routinely navigate unstable and varied terrains—mud, sand, loose gravel, or uneven rock beds—causing increased rolling resistance, reduced traction, and high energy expenditure. Traditional rigid chassis systems lack the flexibility to adapt dynamically to changing surface conditions, leading to inefficiencies in vehicle stability, maneuverability, and fuel economy. This paper proposes an adaptive terrain morphing chassis (ATMC) that can actively modify its structural geometry in real-time using embedded sensors, hydraulic actuators, and soft robotic elements. Drawing inspiration from nature and recent advances in adaptive materials, the ATMC adjusts vehicle ground clearance, track width, and load distribution in response to terrain profile data, thereby optimizing fuel efficiency and performance. Key contributions include: A multi-sensor fusion system for real-time terrain classification Hydraulic actuators and morphing polymers for variable chassis configurations Simulated fuel savings of 8–14% across diverse terrains compared to fixed-geometry systems The design also contributes to sustainability by reducing energy waste and material wear, and by enabling smart, terrain-responsive behavior that can extend the lifespan of vehicle components. This innovation holds significant potential for deployment in resource-heavy industries where OHVs operate in unpredictable and efficiency-critical environments.
Vashisht, Shruti
Soft robots, medical devices and implants, and next-generation drug delivery methods could soon be guided with magnetism — thanks to a metal-free magnetic gel developed by researchers at the University of Michigan and the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany.
Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed additively manufactured thermal protection system (AMTPS) comprised of two printable heat shield material formulations. These formulations are directly applied by 3D printer or other robotic extrusion system and bonded to a spacecraft to devise a heat shield suitable for atmospheric entry. This technology could significantly decrease heat shield or thermal protection system (TPS) fabrication cost and time.
In an era where technology increasingly merges with healthcare to enhance patient outcomes, a groundbreaking study conducted by Fuyang Yu and his colleagues introduces an innovative approach to lower limb rehabilitation. Their research, published in Cyborg Bionic Systems, outlines the development of a lower limb rehabilitation robot designed to significantly improve the safety and effectiveness of gait training through a novel method based on human-robot interaction force measurement.
In this study, the optimization of robotic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) parameters for joining hot-rolled ferritic-bainitic FB590 steel sheets with a thickness of 2.5 mm was investigated. The main objective was to evaluate the effect of wire feed speed and welding speed on the penetration depth, throat thickness, and mechanical performance of the welded joint. A series of welding experiments were carried out with wire feed speeds ranging from 50 cm/min to 100 cm/min and welding speeds ranging from 5 cm/min to 15 cm/min. Tensile and microhardness tests were carried out to evaluate the structural integrity of the welded joints. The results show that increasing the wire feed speed significantly improves the weld penetration and throat thickness, especially at constant welding speeds. The most suitable combination was found to be 70 cm/min wire feed at 8 cm/min travel speed and 100 cm/min wire feed at 12 cm/min and 15 cm/min travel speeds. The microhardness in the heat-affected zone reached a maximum of 223 HV, while the tensile shear strength remained constant over all parameter ranges tested, indicating stable joint performance. These findings are consistent with previous literature and highlight the importance of precise parameter control in the welding of high-strength steel. This study provides valuable information for automotive applications where weld quality and repeatability are critical.
Babir, NaimeÜzel, Uğur
Keshika Warnakula is a Senior Flight Mechanics Engineer at Syos Aerospace Limited and the winner of the 2025 Rising Stars Award Aerospace and Defense category. Syos Aerospace is based in Mount Maunganui, New Zealand, specializing in robotics engineering and the development of autonomous air, land, and sea vehicles. The company also has an office located in Fareham, UK, and was recently named New Zealand's “Hi-Tech Company Of the Year.”
A team of engineers has developed a low-cost, durable, highly-sensitive robotic ‘skin’ that can be added to robotic hands like a glove, enabling robots to detect information about their surroundings in a way that’s similar to humans.
ABB Robotics is enabling faster, safer, and more cost-effective rebuilding in areas devastated by the 2025 Southern Californian wildfires through a collaboration with Cosmic Buildings — a leading construction technology company that uses proprietary mobile robotic microfactories. After the wildfires burned thousands of acres, destroying homes, infrastructure, and natural habitats, this pioneering initiative will deploy the microfactory in Pacific Palisades, CA, to build modular structures onsite, offering a glimpse into the future of affordable housing construction.
At UC Berkeley, researchers in Sergey Levine’s Robotic AI and Learning Lab eyed a table where a tower of 39 Jenga blocks stood perfectly stacked. Then a white-and-black robot, its single limb doubled over like a hunched-over giraffe, zoomed toward the tower, brandishing a black leather whip. Through what might have seemed to a casual viewer like a miracle of physics, the whip struck in precisely the right spot to send a single block flying out from the stack while the rest of the tower remained structurally sound.
Animals like bats, whales, and insects have long used acoustic signals for communication and navigation. Now, an international team of scientists have taken a page from nature’s playbook to model micro-sized robots that use sound waves to coordinate into large swarms that exhibit intelligent-like behavior. The robot groups could one day carry out complex tasks like exploring disaster zones, cleaning up pollution, or performing medical treatments from inside the body, according to team lead Igor Aronson, Huck Chair Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Mathematics at Penn State.
In an office in Bordeaux, the Pollen Robotics teams are working on an ambitious mission: to imagine and advance useful robotics for humans. Their flagship creation, Reachy, combines accessibility, innovation, and open-source collaboration. But first, let’s go back to where it all started.
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