Browse Topic: Automation

Items (3,174)
Driven by technological advances in artificial intelligence, sensors, connectivity and sustainable mobility, autonomous buses are a reality in many contexts where their application is viable and efficient. The potential of the technology is a clear theme and has been widely discussed over the last two decades, due to various factors such as reducing accidents, increasing operating cost efficiency, improving the efficiency of public transport, reducing environmental impact and offering mobility solutions for increasingly congested urban areas. Due to the implementation of the General Safety Regulation (GSR II) in the European Union, with the aim of reducing traffic accidents and paving the way for fully autonomous vehicles, autonomous vehicles are getting closer to becoming a viable reality on the streets and highways of developed countries [1]. In order to guarantee the necessary safety in autonomous systems, data reliability is fundamental. To this end, it is essential to implement
Gameiro, JoãoPirocchi, AmandaMatias, BrendaPaterlini, BrunoSouza, Kerylli deAngelone, LucaGama, Ulisses
This research aimed to develop a method for identifying and prioritizing the feasibility of automation in administrative processes, using as an example an application in a Shared Services Center (SSC) of a Brazilian multinational in the auto parts sector. The study considers the use of various automation technologies, including Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Decision Rules, Extract, Transform, Load (ETL), Analytics, and Workflow, with the goal of optimizing operational efficiency and reducing costs. The methodological approach adopted is based on Design Science Research (DSR), allowing for the creation and validation of an innovative artifact that, through a questionnaire applied to each process, assists in identifying the administrative processes most suitable for automation. Using the questionnaire responses, an indicator is calculated related to the percentage of automation feasibility (Paut) of the processes. The results obtained demonstrate an artifact that makes the
Junior, Osvaldo Vicente JardimCampos, Renato deFranco, Bruno Chaves
Takeover safety in conditional automation depends heavily on effective Takeover Requests (TORs). This study investigated the implication of the temporal distribution of takeover interface elements (temporal distribution: takeover cues appear first/last, spatial distribution: left/center/right) on driving trust in scenarios with different levels of urgency (low: road construction/high: traffic accidents). The results suggest that driver perceptions of the reliability of an automated driving system during control transitions may be influenced by the temporal characteristics of the distribution of human-machine interface elements. Drivers need to supervise the operation status of the autopilot system, and presenting timely information about the system at critical nodes can help improve driver trust. The central spatial distribution contributes to trust in high emergencies, while the right spatial distribution enhances driver trust more in low emergencies. This study informs takeover
Wu, JianfengLi, Zihan
This SAE Recommended Practice provides guidelines for the use, performance, installation, activation, and switching of marking lamps on Automated Driving System (ADS) equipped vehicles.
Signaling and Marking Devices Stds Comm
With the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are gradually replacing humans to perform tasks such as reconnaissance, target tracking, and search in special scenarios. Omnidirectional mobility based on rapid adjustment of vehicle heading posture enhances the applicability of UGVs in specialized scenarios. Omnidirectional mobility signifies the capability for rapid adjustments to the vehicle’s heading angle, longitudinal velocity, and lateral velocity. Traditional vehicles are constrained by the limitations of under-actuation, which prevents active regulation of lateral movement. Instead, they rely on the coordinated regulation of longitudinal and yaw movements, failing to meet the requirements for omnidirectional mobility. Distributed vehicles featuring steering distributed between the front/rear axles and four-wheel independent drive leverage the over-actuation advantages provided by multi-actuator coordinated control, making them
Chen, GuoyingDong, JiahaoWang, XinyuZhao, XuanmingBi, ChenxiaoGao, ZhenhaiZhang, YanpingHe, Rong
This article suggests a validation methodology for autonomous driving. The goal is to validate front camera sensors in advanced driver-assist systems (ADAS) based on virtually generated scenarios. The outcome is the CARLA-based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation environment (CHASE). It allows the rapid prototyping and validation of the ADAS software. We tested this general approach on a specific experimental application/setup for a vehicle front camera sensor. The setup results were then proven to be comparable to real-world sensor performance. The CARLA simulation environment was used in tandem with a vehicle CAN bus interface. This introduced a significantly improved realism to user-defined test scenarios and their results. The approach benefits from almost unlimited variability of traffic scenarios and the cost-efficient generation of massive testing data.
Cardozo, Shawn MosesHlavác, Václav
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Xie, DongxuanLi, DongyangZhang, YoukangZhao, YingjieHong, BaofengWang, Nan
This paper presents a novel approach to automated robot programming and robot integration in manufacturing domain and minimizing the dependency on manual online/offline programming. Traditional industrial robots programming is typically done by online programing via teach pendants or by offline programming tools. This presents a major challenge as it requires skilled professionals and is a time-consuming process. In today’s competitive market, factories need to harness their full potential through smart and adaptive thinking to keep pace with evolving technology, customer demand, and manufacturing processes. This requires ability to manufacture multiple products on the same production line, minimum time for changeovers and implement robotic automation for efficiency enhancement. But each custom automation piece also demands significant human efforts for development and maintenance. By integrating the Robot Operating System (ROS) with vision-based 3D model generation systems, we address
Hepat, Abhijeet
With the global increase in demand for construction equipment, companies face immense pressure to produce more products in a competitive and sustainable way by utilizing advanced manufacturing technologies. Additionally, the need for data analytics and Industry 4.0 is increasing to take better decisions early in the development cycles and during the production phase. Advanced manufacturing processes & adopting Industry 4.0 is the only viable solution to address these challenges. However, the implementation of advanced manufacturing processes in heavy fabrication and construction equipment factories has been slow. A significant challenge is that the products being produced were originally designed for conventional manufacturing processes. When factories are becoming smart and connected through Industry 4.0 solutions, companies must reconsider many established assumptions about advanced manufacturing processes and their benefits. To maximize efficiency gains, improve safety standards
Bhorge, PankajSaseendran, UnnikrishnanRodge, Someshwar
Off-highway vehicles (OHVs) routinely navigate unstable and varied terrains—mud, sand, loose gravel, or uneven rock beds—causing increased rolling resistance, reduced traction, and high energy expenditure. Traditional rigid chassis systems lack the flexibility to adapt dynamically to changing surface conditions, leading to inefficiencies in vehicle stability, maneuverability, and fuel economy. This paper proposes an adaptive terrain morphing chassis (ATMC) that can actively modify its structural geometry in real-time using embedded sensors, hydraulic actuators, and soft robotic elements. Drawing inspiration from nature and recent advances in adaptive materials, the ATMC adjusts vehicle ground clearance, track width, and load distribution in response to terrain profile data, thereby optimizing fuel efficiency and performance. Key contributions include: A multi-sensor fusion system for real-time terrain classification Hydraulic actuators and morphing polymers for variable chassis
Vashisht, Shruti
Over the past 25 years, the heavy fabrication and construction equipment industry has experienced significant transformation. Driven by a global surge in demand for construction machinery, manufacturers are under increasing pressure to deliver higher volumes within shorter timelines and at competitive costs. This demand surge has been compounded by workforce-related challenges, including a declining interest among the new generation in acquiring traditional manufacturing skills such as welding, heat treatment, and painting. Furthermore, the industry faces difficulties in staffing third-shift operations, which are essential to meet production targets. The adoption of automation technologies in heavy fabrication and construction equipment manufacturing has been gradual and often hindered by legacy product designs that were optimized for conventional manufacturing methods. As the industry transitions toward smart, connected manufacturing environments under the industry 4.0 paradigm, it
Saseendran, UnnikrishnanBhorge, Pankaj
Modern automotive systems generate a wide range of audio-based signals, such as indicator chimes, turn signals, infotainment system audio, navigation prompts, and warning alerts, to facilitate communication between the vehicle and its occupants. Accurate Classification and transcription of this audio is important for refining driver aid systems, safety features, and infotainment automation. This paper introduces an AI/ML-powered technique for audio classification and transcription in automotive environments. The proposed solution employs a hybrid deep learning architecture that leverages convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), trained using labeled audio samples. Moreover, an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model is integrated for transcribing spoken navigation prompts and commands from infotainment systems. The proposed system delivers reliable results in real-time audio classification and transcription, facilitating better automation and
Singh, ShwethaKamble, AmitMohanty, AnantaKalidas, Sateesh
The increasing complexity of autonomous off-highway vehicles, particularly in mining, demands robust safety assurance for Electronic/Electrical (E/E) systems. This paper presents an integrated framework combining Functional Safety (FuSa) and Safety of the Intended Functionality (SOTIF) to address risks in autonomous haulage systems. FuSa, based on ISO 19014[1] and IEC 61508[2], mitigates hazards from system failures, while SOTIF, adapted from ISO 21448[3] addresses functional insufficiency and misuse in complex operational environments. We propose a comprehensive verification and validation (V&V) strategy that identifies hazardous scenarios, quantifies risks, and ensures acceptable safety levels. By tailoring automotive SOTIF standards to off-highway applications, this approach enhances safety for autonomous vehicles in unstructured, high-risk settings, providing a foundation for future industry standards.
Kumar, AmrendraBagalwadi, Saurabh
Measuring the volume of harvested material behind the machine can be beneficial for various agricultural operations, such as baling, dropping, material decomposition, cultivation, and seeding. This paper aims to investigate and determine the volume of material for use in various agricultural operations. This proposed methodology can help to predict the amount of residue available in the field, assess field readiness for the next production cycle, measure residue distribution, determine hay readiness for baling, and evaluate the quantity of hay present in the field, among other applications which would benefit the customer. Efficient post-harvest residue management is essential for sustainable agriculture. This paper presents an Automated Offboard System that leverages Remote Sensing, IoT, Image Processing, and Machine Learning/Deep Learning (ML/DL) to measure the volume of harvested material in real-time. The system integrates onboard cameras and satellite imagery to analyze the field
Singh, Rana ShaktiStallin, Saravanan
In an era where technology increasingly merges with healthcare to enhance patient outcomes, a groundbreaking study conducted by Fuyang Yu and his colleagues introduces an innovative approach to lower limb rehabilitation. Their research, published in Cyborg Bionic Systems, outlines the development of a lower limb rehabilitation robot designed to significantly improve the safety and effectiveness of gait training through a novel method based on human-robot interaction force measurement.
Innovators at NASA Johnson Space Center have developed additively manufactured thermal protection system (AMTPS) comprised of two printable heat shield material formulations. These formulations are directly applied by 3D printer or other robotic extrusion system and bonded to a spacecraft to devise a heat shield suitable for atmospheric entry. This technology could significantly decrease heat shield or thermal protection system (TPS) fabrication cost and time.
Soft robots, medical devices and implants, and next-generation drug delivery methods could soon be guided with magnetism — thanks to a metal-free magnetic gel developed by researchers at the University of Michigan and the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany.
In this study, the optimization of robotic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) parameters for joining hot-rolled ferritic-bainitic FB590 steel sheets with a thickness of 2.5 mm was investigated. The main objective was to evaluate the effect of wire feed speed and welding speed on the penetration depth, throat thickness, and mechanical performance of the welded joint. A series of welding experiments were carried out with wire feed speeds ranging from 50 cm/min to 100 cm/min and welding speeds ranging from 5 cm/min to 15 cm/min. Tensile and microhardness tests were carried out to evaluate the structural integrity of the welded joints. The results show that increasing the wire feed speed significantly improves the weld penetration and throat thickness, especially at constant welding speeds. The most suitable combination was found to be 70 cm/min wire feed at 8 cm/min travel speed and 100 cm/min wire feed at 12 cm/min and 15 cm/min travel speeds. The microhardness in the heat-affected zone
Babir, NaimeÜzel, Uğur
In the context of intelligent transportation systems and applications such as autonomous driving, it is essential to predict a vehicle’s immediate future states to enable precise and timely prediction of vehicles’ movements. This article proposes a hybrid short-term kinematic vehicle prediction framework that integrates a novel object detection model, You Only Look Once version 11 (YOLOv11), with an unscented Kalman filter (UKF), a reliable state estimation technique. This study provides a unique method for real-time detection of vehicles in traffic scenes, tracking and predicting their short-term kinematics. Locating the vehicle accurately and classifying it in a range of dynamic scenarios is achievable by the enhanced detection capabilities of YOLOv11. These detections are used as inputs by the UKF to estimate and predict the future positions of the vehicles while considering measurement noise and dynamic model errors. The focus of this work is on individual vehicle motion prediction
Pahal, SudeshNandal, Priyanka
Trajectory tracking and lateral stability under extreme conditions are critical yet conflicting control objectives due to nonlinear tire dynamics and road adhesion limitation, where accurate characterization of vehicle dynamics for each objective is essential to enable coordinated performance. This article proposes a coordinated control strategy based on switched envelope and composite evaluation to improve both tracking accuracy and stability. Unlike previous stability envelope methods that rely solely on the vehicle’s rear tire saturation boundary to prevent instability, the switched envelope approach incorporates both front and rear tire saturation boundaries to simultaneously mitigate steering loss and instability in trajectory tracking. A critical steering angle, derived from tire slip dynamics and phase plane stability analysis, is formulated as the switching criterion. Additionally, a composite stability evaluation is developed by combining a future disturbance resistance index
Shi, WenboWang, JunlongDing, HaitaoXu, Nan
To mitigate traffic oscillation in mixed traffic flow environments, which reduces road capacity and may lead to traffic accidents, this article innovatively proposes a periodic-configuration vehicular platoon to enhance traffic stability, inspired by the vibration attenuation properties of periodic structures. First, the vehicular platoon model is developed based on the periodic structure principle, and the lumped mass method is applied to derive the platoon spacing transfer matrix. Second, the band gap range is calculated based on the common traffic oscillation frequency by appropriately designing the period parameters in the periodic-configuration vehicular platoon. Additionally, the influence of these period parameters on the band gap range is analyzed. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to analyze the propagation characteristics of traffic oscillations within the platoon, and the relative position diagrams of vehicles in the platoon are obtained. To validate the
Yang, XiujianZhuang, QingyuanWang, Shenyi
While traditional industrial robots have long been the workhorses of manufacturing, excelling at pre-programmed, repetitive tasks within controlled, isolated environments, the landscape of automation is shifting. Collaborative robots (cobots), robotic systems designed to interact physically and safely with humans in a shared workspace, are vital not only for future industrial endeavors, such as Industry 5.0, but also for enhancing safety and efficiency across various sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, logistics, and even consumer service applications. Their ability to quickly adapt to changes in a production process or tool failures without compromising quality is a significant advancement.
Animals like bats, whales, and insects have long used acoustic signals for communication and navigation. Now, an international team of scientists have taken a page from nature’s playbook to model micro-sized robots that use sound waves to coordinate into large swarms that exhibit intelligent-like behavior. The robot groups could one day carry out complex tasks like exploring disaster zones, cleaning up pollution, or performing medical treatments from inside the body, according to team lead Igor Aronson, Huck Chair Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Mathematics at Penn State.
In an office in Bordeaux, the Pollen Robotics teams are working on an ambitious mission: to imagine and advance useful robotics for humans. Their flagship creation, Reachy, combines accessibility, innovation, and open-source collaboration. But first, let’s go back to where it all started.
Ready for that long-awaited summer vacation? First, you’ll need to pack all the items required for your trip into a suitcase, making sure everything fits securely without crushing anything fragile. Because humans possess strong visual and geometric reasoning skills, this is usually a straightforward problem, even if it may take a bit of finagling to squeeze everything in.
ABB Robotics is enabling faster, safer, and more cost-effective rebuilding in areas devastated by the 2025 Southern Californian wildfires through a collaboration with Cosmic Buildings — a leading construction technology company that uses proprietary mobile robotic microfactories. After the wildfires burned thousands of acres, destroying homes, infrastructure, and natural habitats, this pioneering initiative will deploy the microfactory in Pacific Palisades, CA, to build modular structures onsite, offering a glimpse into the future of affordable housing construction.
A team of engineers has developed a low-cost, durable, highly-sensitive robotic ‘skin’ that can be added to robotic hands like a glove, enabling robots to detect information about their surroundings in a way that’s similar to humans.
At UC Berkeley, researchers in Sergey Levine’s Robotic AI and Learning Lab eyed a table where a tower of 39 Jenga blocks stood perfectly stacked. Then a white-and-black robot, its single limb doubled over like a hunched-over giraffe, zoomed toward the tower, brandishing a black leather whip. Through what might have seemed to a casual viewer like a miracle of physics, the whip struck in precisely the right spot to send a single block flying out from the stack while the rest of the tower remained structurally sound.
Keshika Warnakula is a Senior Flight Mechanics Engineer at Syos Aerospace Limited and the winner of the 2025 Rising Stars Award Aerospace and Defense category. Syos Aerospace is based in Mount Maunganui, New Zealand, specializing in robotics engineering and the development of autonomous air, land, and sea vehicles. The company also has an office located in Fareham, UK, and was recently named New Zealand's “Hi-Tech Company Of the Year.”
This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock.
AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
It is expected that Level 4 and 5 automated driving systems-dedicated vehicles (ADS-DVs) will eventually enable persons to travel at will who are otherwise unable to obtain a driver’s license for a conventional vehicle, namely, persons with certain visual, cognitive, and/or physical impairments. This information report focuses on these disabilities but also provides guidance for those with other disabilities. This report is limited to fleet-operated, on-demand, shared mobility scenarios, as this is widely considered to be the first way people will be able to interact with ADS-DVs. To be more specific, this report does not address fixed-route transit services or private vehicle ownership. Similarly, this report is focused on motor vehicles (refer to SAE J3016), not scooters, golf carts, etc. Lastly, this report does not address the design of chair lifts, ramps, or securements for persons who use wheeled mobility devices (WHMD) (e.g., wheelchair, electric cart, etc.), as these matters
On-Road Automated Driving (ORAD) Committee
Despite growing investments, the widespread adoption and scalable deployment of generative artificial intelligence (AI) remains a challenge due to data trustworthiness, regulatory uncertainty, interpretability, and ethical governance. The need to accelerate automation and maintain the human-in-the-loop demonstrates broader questions of responsibility and transparency. Next-gen AI for Aerospace Engineering investigates the transformative role of GenAI within aerospace engineering, examining its shift from conventional workflows toward more AI-driven solutions in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. It emphasizes GenAI’s emerging ability to automate repetitive mundane tasks, reduce design complexity, and optimize engineering pipelines. The report underscores the need for validation methods that must align AI-generated outputs with physics-informed models, integration with legacy engineering tools (e.g., computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis, digital twins), and
Khan, Samir
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