In the automotive industry, increasing noise regulations are influencing product sales and passenger comfort, creating a need for more effective noise testing methods. Hardware-in-Loop (HiL) based virtual acoustic testing serves as a critical step before Driver-in-Loop testing, allowing for the assessment of vehicle performance and noise levels inside and outside the vehicle under various conditions before physical prototype testing is performed. The Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) simulator setup is equipped with joystick control that requires a physical representation of the vehicle dynamics model provided as a Functional Mock-up Unit (FMU) in real-time format. In contrast, the vehicle control logic is implemented in C++ code. The simulator incorporates both lateral and longitudinal dynamics. Additional interfaces are integrated to support joystick input and virtual road visualization enabling realistic vehicle maneuvering and dynamic performance evaluation. However, performing all test

Visuvamithiran, Rishikesan, Chougule, Sourabh, Srinivasan, Rangarajan, Laurent, Nicolas

Preliminary Design and Analysis of a Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for Supersonic Aerospace Application

2026-28-0106

2/12/2026

The Dual Throat Nozzle (DTN) is a unique nozzle configuration that enables fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV), improving aircraft maneuverability while reducing the mechanical complexity of traditional vectoring systems. In this study, a two-dimensional DTN was developed based on a validated NASA Langley model, incorporating a newly designed plenum geometry guided by area expansion ratio principles. Numerical simulations were carried out in ANSYS Fluent using a density-based, steady-state solver with the SST k–ω turbulence model to capture key compressible flow features such as shock waves, flow separation, and jet deflection. Secondary injection rates were determined using choked-flow relations, and a 12-case parametric study was conducted to analyze the effects of Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR), injection rate, and injection angle on thrust deflection and efficiency. The simulation results at NPR = 4 with 3% injection showed strong agreement with NASA experimental data, validating the

Suresh, Vignesh, M, Akash, Senthilkumar, Nikil, Sundararaj, Senthilkumar, A, Garry Kiristen, Singh, Swaraj

Virtual Development Kit (VDK) for Software Defined Vehicle

2026-28-0120

2/12/2026

This paper examines the technological and architectural transformations critical for advancing Software-Defined Vehicles (SDVs), emphasizing the decoupling of hardware from software. It highlights the limitations of traditional development models and proposes modern architectural approaches, including MPU-based designs and virtualization techniques, to foster flexible and scalable software ecosystems. Central to this vision is the concept of a Virtual Development Kit (VDK), which enables the design, validation, and scaling of SDVs even before physical hardware is available. The VDK integrates hardware platform emulators, operating systems, software stacks, and middleware optimized for high-performance computing (HPC) environments, providing developers with tools for early-stage testing, debugging, and integration while minimizing dependence on physical prototypes. As the automotive industry increasingly relies on software-defined features as primary drivers of innovation and

Khan, Misbah Ullah, Gupta, Vishal

Common Mode Voltage Reduction in Quasi-Z Source Inverter for Electric Vehicle Applications Using MBPWM Technique

2026-28-0102

2/12/2026

Unlike traditional voltage source or current source inverters, ZSI/qZSI can boost and invert DC power in a single stage, making them attractive for applications like EVs where battery voltage may vary. Common mode Voltage (CMV) is the voltage between the neutral point of the motor and ground. High CMV in motor drive systems can cause: Higher leakage currents, Electromagnetic interference (EMI), Insulation stress, bearing currents, leading to premature motor failure. Reducing CMV is essential for reliable and safe EV operation. Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is used to control the QZSI output voltage. The QZSI offers several advantages over traditional inverters, including improved efficiency, reduced cost, and increased reliability. The proposed system is designed to reduce the CMV through a combination of passive LC filtering and shoot-through (ST) modulation techniques. The LC filter is designed to attenuate high-frequency components of the CMV while the ST modulation is used to

N, Kalaiarasi, R, Rajarajeswari, D, Anitha

Research on Online Learning Architecture for Engine Combustion Prediction on Multi-Platform Simulation

03-19-01-0005

2/11/2026

To address the limitations of conventional offline data-driven models for engine parameter prediction in HIL testing, including poor generalization and inefficient use of supplementary data, this study develops an innovative cross-platform online learning architecture that integrates a pre-trained Python-based Wiebe parameter prediction model with high-fidelity MATLAB/Simulink engine simulation. The proposed framework incorporates five key functional modules (real-time data processing, online regression prediction, performance evaluation, incremental learning optimization, and engine simulation) to enable dynamic adaptation to varying engine conditions through seamless integration of Python’s incremental learning algorithms with Simulink’s simulation environment. By implementing a kth order polynomial decay learning rate strategy, the architecture significantly improves model convergence under limited training conditions while enhancing real-time performance and reliability in HIL

Wei, Mingxin, Shuai, Xiuyun, Wang, Zhaoyu, Zhao, Feiyang, Yu, Wenbin

Certain Investigations to Improve the Aerodynamic Performance Parameters of a Surface-Modified Airfoil Structure

2026-01-6001

2/3/2026

Flight vehicles operating in low-speed environments face significant aerodynamic challenges due to weak laminar boundary layers, which lead to early flow separation, reduced lift, and increased pressure drag. Airfoils often experience laminar separation bubbles and abrupt stall, making their performance unstable and difficult to predict. This paper aims to address the low-speed aerodynamic parameter analysis using passive flow control techniques on modified NACA 0021 airfoil profile. The novelty of this research method lies in the integration of dimple-based passive flow control structures on the upper surface of a NACA 0021 airfoil specifically designed to delay flow separation and enhance low-speed aerodynamic performance. Unlike most previous studies that focus on conventional vortex generators or active flow control methods, this work uniquely demonstrates that strategically dimple on the airfoil surface modifications significantly improves the lift characteristics. The methodology

Lakshmanan, D., Raman, Senthil Kumar Bella, Sivakumar, Aravinth, Pillai, Balaji Shanmuga

Benchmark of Conventional and By-Wire Brake System Layouts for Electric Vehicle Applications by Numerical Simulations

2026-01-5008

2/3/2026

The recently increasing global concern about sustainability and greenhouse gas emission reduction has boosted the diffusion of electric vehicles. Research on this topic mainly focuses on either re-designing or adapting most conventional vehicle subsystems, especially the propulsion motor and the braking components. In this context, the present work aims to model, analyze, and compare three-braking system layouts design alternatives focusing on their contribution to vehicle performance and efficiency: a commercial vacuum-boosted hydraulic braking system, a commercial integrated electrohydraulic braking system, and a concept distributed electrohydraulic brake system. Braking systems performance are evaluated by simulating key maneuvers adopting a full model of a battery electric vehicle (BEV), which includes all relevant components like tires, and powertrain dynamics, which is validated against real-world data. Implementation and integration of the first two systems are discussed

Savi, Lorenzo, Garosio, Damiano, Floros, Dimosthenis, Vignati, Michele, Travagliati, Alessandro, Braghin, Francesco

Model Description Documentation Recommended Practice for Ground Vehicle System and Subsystem Simulation

J2998_202601 (Current)

1/27/2026

SAE J2998 defines the recommended information content to be included for documenting dynamical models used for simulation of ground vehicle systems. It describes the information that should be compiled to describe a model for the following user applications or use cases: (1) exchange, promotion, and selection; (2) creation requests; (3) development process management; (4) compatibility evaluation; (5) testing-in-the-loop simulations with hardware and/or software; (6) simulation applications; and (7) development and maintenance. For each use case, a model description documentation (MDD) template is provided in the appendices to facilitate model documentation. In addition, an example of a completed model documentation template is provided in the appendices.

Dynamical Modeling and Simulation Committee

Correlation of Power Rating for Battery Electric Vehicles: Simulation vs. Test Validation in Accordance with Regulatory Compliance

2026-26-0575

1/16/2026

Accurate power and energy assessment in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) requires high-fidelity simulation models that reflect real-world performance. This study presents a power rating correlation of the BEV model in compliance with the GTR 21[1] standard, validating the simulation’s accuracy against physical test data. Simulations were conducted using Matlab and Simulink based Simulation tool to estimate Electric Drive Module (EDM) power at the motor output and gearbox input under standardized conditions. The operating parameters were shared with the testing team to ensure consistency; however, the initial test results deviated by approximately 4% to 5% from the simulation target. To address this delta, EDM speed and vehicle speed were optimized, achieving a close alignment with the simulation and meeting the power rating targets. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the simulation and test data, confirming the model’s accuracy and reliability. This study underscores

Mahajan, Prasad, Kesarkar, Sidhesh, Ali, Shoaib

Material-Optimization in Rib-Stiffened Polymer Structures: A Computational & Analytical Study

2026-26-0498

1/16/2026

The demand for lightweight yet rigid polymer components continue to drive innovation in structural design, particularly for applications requiring optimal stiffness-to-weight ratios. The current literature focuses on single ribbed or homogeneous plate behavior. Understanding the behavior in parallel rib arrangement with inter connections – especially when the ribs are spaced close together is yet to be done. This study examines an alternative rib-stiffening approach for polypropylene plates, where conventional single-rib geometries are reconsidered in favor of parallel dual-rib configurations. While single ribs have been extensively studied, the potential benefits of distributed rib architecture remain less explored, particularly regarding their combined bending performance. The study attempts to understand the behavior of Polypropylene plates specifically, their bending stiffness, load transfer enhancement of the cross-rib structure through mathematical and computational methods. The

Sreejith, M P, Jain, Deepak, Ravi, Abhikrishna, Maheshwari, Pankaj, Kumar, Mandeep

Robust Validation of Rotary Switch with TFT Display in Hardware in Loop Simulation

2026-26-0540

1/16/2026

Modern automotive systems are increasingly integrating advanced human-machine interfaces, including TFT displays, to enhance driver experience and functionality. Ensuring the reliability of these systems under diverse operating conditions is critical, especially given their role in vehicle control. This paper presents a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) testing methodology for validation of rotary switch with TFT display. The HIL setup simulates real-world vehicle conditions, including CAN communication, power fluctuations and user interactions, enabling early detection of potential failure modes such as display flickering or communication loss. The results demonstrate improved robustness and reliability of the gear selection switch, supporting its deployment across multiple vehicle platforms.

Bhuyan, Anurag, Jahagirdar, Shweta, Khandekar, Dhiraj

Items per page:

1 – 50 of 4745