Browse Topic: Computer simulation

Items (4,690)
The rapid evolution of electric vehicles (EVs) has amplified the demand for highly integrated, efficient, and intelligent powertrain architectures. In the current automotive landscape, EV powertrain systems are often composed of discrete ECUs such as the OBC, MCU, DC-DC Converter, PDU, and VCU, each operating in isolation. This fragmented approach adds wiring harness complexity, control latency, system inefficiency, and inflates costs making it harder for OEMs to scale operations, lower expenses, and accelerate time-to-market. The technical gap lies in the absence of a centralized intelligence capable of seamlessly managing and synchronizing the five key powertrain aggregates: OBC, MCU, DC-DC, PDU, and VCU under a unified software and hardware platform. This fragmentation leads to redundancy in computation, increased BOM cost, and challenges in system diagnostics, leading to sub-optimal vehicle performance. This paper addresses the core issue of fragmented control architectures in EV
Kumar, MayankDeosarkar, PankajInamdar, SumerTayade, Nikhil
Accurately determining the loads acting on a structure is critical for simulation tasks, especially in fatigue analysis. However, current methods for determining component loads using load cascade techniques and multi-body dynamics (MBD) simulation models have intrinsic accuracy constraints because of approximations and measurement uncertainties. Moreover, constructing precise MBD models is a time-consuming process, resulting in long turnaround times. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a more direct and precise approach to component load estimation that reduces efforts and time while enhancing accuracy. A novel solution has emerged to tackle these requirements by leveraging the structure itself as a load transducer [1]. Previous efforts in this direction faced challenges associated with cross-talk issues, but those obstacles have been overcome with the introduction of the "pseudo-inverse" concept. By combining the pseudo-inverse technique with the D-optimal algorithm
Pratap, RajatApte, Sr., AmolBabar, Ranjit
This paper is a new approach to improve road safety and traffic flow by combining vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications. The Study is focused on a system that connects vehicles with each other and with traffic light to share real-time data about speed and position. This work is aimed to discuss the methodology adopted for developing a system which predicts and advises the optimal speed for vehicles approaching an intersection. Inspired by the Green Light Optimized Speed Advisory (GLOSA) , the proposed system is designed to help drivers approach traffic signals at speeds that minimize unnecessary stops, reduce delays, and improve traffic efficiency. This paper contains the approach taken, the decision-making algorithm, and the simulation framework built in MATLAB/Simulink to validate the concept under real traffic conditions. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate how the system generates speed recommendations based on vehicle parameters
Pinto, Colin AubreyShah, RavindraKarle, Ujjwala
Driver-in-the-Loop (DIL) simulators have become crucial tools across automotive, aerospace, and maritime industries in enabling the evaluation of design concepts, testing of critical scenarios and provision of effective training in virtual environments. With the diverse applications of DIL simulators highlighting their significance in vehicle dynamics assessment, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicle development, testing of complex control systems is crucial for vehicle safety. By examining the current landscape of DIL simulator use cases, this paper critically focuses on Virtual Validation of ADAS algorithms by testing of repeatable scenarios and effect on driver response time through virtual stimuli of acoustic and optical warnings generated during simulation. To receive appropriate feedback from the driver, industrial grade actuators were integrated with a real-time controller, a high-performance workstation and simulation software called Virtual Test
Sharma, ChinmayaBhagat, AjinkyaKale, Jyoti GaneshKarle, Ujjwala
The design and improvement of electric motor and inverter systems is crucial for numerous industrial applications in electrical engineering. Accurately quantifying the amount of power lost during operation is a substantial challenge, despite the flexibility and widespread usage of these systems. Although it is typically used to assess the system’s efficiency, this does not adequately explain how or why power outages occur within these systems. This paper presents a new way to study power losses without focusing on efficiency. The goal is to explore and analyze the complex reasons behind power losses in both inverters and electric motors. The goal of this methodology is to systematically analyze the effect of the switching frequency on current ripple under varying operating conditions (i.e., different combinations of current and speed) and subsequently identify the optimum switching frequency for each case. In the end, the paper creates a complete model for understanding power losses
Banda, GururajSengar, Bhan
Overloading in vehicles, particularly trucks and city buses, poses a critical challenge in India, contributing to increased traffic accidents, economic losses, and infrastructural damage. This issue stems from excessive loads that compromise vehicle stability, reduce braking efficiency, accelerate tire wear, and heighten the risk of catastrophic failures. To address this, we propose an intelligent overloading control and warning system that integrates load-sensing technology with real-time corrective measures. The system employs precision load sensors (e.g., air below deflection monitoring via pressure sensors) to measure vehicle weight dynamically. When the load exceeds predefined thresholds, the system triggers a multi-stage response: 1 Visual/Audio Warning – Alerts the driver to take corrective action. 2 Braking Intervention – If ignored, the braking applied, immobilizing the vehicle until the load is reduced. Experimental validation involved ten iterative tests to map deflection-to
Raj, AmriteshPujari, SachinLondhe, MaheshShirke, SumeetShinde, Akshay
This research investigates the dynamic characteristics of an electric two-wheeler chassis through a combined experimental and numerical approach, and understands the contribution of battery towards overall behaviour of the frame in a structural manner. The study commences with the development of a detailed CAD model, which serves as the basis for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to predict the chassis's natural frequencies and mode shapes. These numerical simulations offer initial insights into the structural vibration behavior crucial for ensuring vehicle stability and rider comfort. To validate the FEA predictions, experimental modal analysis is performed on a physical prototype of the electric two-wheeler chassis using impact hammer excitation. Multiple response measurements are acquired via accelerometers, and the resulting data is processed to extract experimental modal parameters. The correlation between the simulated and experimental mode shapes is quantitatively assessed using the
Das Sharma, AritryaIyer, SiddharthPrasad, SathishAnandh, Sudheep
In the quest for enhancing electric vehicle performance and safety, this paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the design and performance of high-voltage (HV) battery cooling plates featuring dedicated cooling channels, integrated with structural bottom protection members. The study aims to address the dual challenges of thermal management and crash protection in electric vehicles during bottom impacts. The research evaluates the cooling efficiency and structural resilience of the proposed design through a combination of design iterations, thermal performance evaluation, and crash simulations. Findings reveal that the integrated cooling plates not only maintain optimal battery temperatures under various operating conditions but also significantly improve the vehicle's crashworthiness. It was found that the cooling efficiency of the HV battery plates improved compared to competitor’s design, resulting in a more stable thermal environment for the battery cells. Moreover
Dusad, SagarKummuru, SrikanthJoshi, Amarja
In recent times, a standard driving cycle is an excellent way to measure the electric range of EVs. This process is standardized and repeatable; however, it has some drawbacks, such as low active functions being tested in a controlled environment. This sometimes causes huge variations in the range between driving cycles and actual on-road tests. This problem of variation can be solved by on-road testing and testing a vehicle for customer-based velocity cycles. On-road measurement may be high on active functions while testing, which may give an exact idea of real-world consumption, but the repeatability of these test procedures is low due to excessive randomness. The repeatability of these cycles is low due to external factors acting on the vehicle during on-road testing, such as ambient temperature, driver behavior, traffic, terrain, altitude, and load conditions. No two measurements can have the same consumption, even if they are done on the same road with the same vehicle, due to the
Kelkar, KshitijKanakannavar, Rohit
As light electric vehicles (LEVs) gain popularity, the development of efficient and compact on-board chargers (OBCs) has become a critical area of focus in power electronics. Conventional AC-DC topologies often face challenges, including high inrush currents during startup, which can stress components and affect system reliability. Furthermore, DC-DC converters often have a limited soft-switching range under light load conditions, leading to increased switching losses and reduced efficiency. This paper proposes a novel 6.6 kW on-board charger architecture comprising a bridgeless totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) stage and an isolated LLC resonant DC-DC converter. The main contribution lies in the specific focus on enhancing startup behavior and switching performance. In PFC converters, limiting inrush current during startup is crucial, especially with fast-switching wide-bandgap devices like SiC or GaN. Conventional soft-start techniques fall short in of ensuring smooth voltage
Patil, AmrutaBagade, Aniket
Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) have become a standard for enabling co-simulation and model exchange in vehicle development. However, traditional FMUs derived from physics-based models can be computationally intensive, especially in scenarios requiring real-time performance. This paper presents a Python-based approach for developing a Neural Network (NN) based FMU using deep learning techniques, aimed at accelerating vehicle simulation while ensuring high fidelity. The neural network was trained on vehicle simulation data and trained using Python frameworks such as TensorFlow. The trained model was then exported into FMU, enabling seamless integration with FMI-compliant platforms. The NN FMU replicates the thermal behavior of a vehicle with high accuracy while offering a significant reduction in computational load. Benchmark comparisons with a physical thermal model demonstrate that the proposed solution provides both efficiency and reliability across various driving conditions. The
Srinivasan, RangarajanAshok Bharde, PoojaMhetras, MayurChehire, Marc
PyCrash is an open-source collision simulation software package that includes a formulation of the Carpenter–Welcher collision model. Upon its release, PyCrash was accompanied by a companion paper that described its functions and provided preliminary validation results against staged collisions. However, the collisions investigated in the original report were limited to a single type of alignment. The purpose of this study was to characterize PyCrash collision model behavior against EDR data collected from a heterogeneous cohort of real-world two-vehicle collisions. PyCrash simulations were informed by the published vehicle geometries, crush profiles, and available pre-impact EDR data; simulation outputs were compared to EDR data, which served as the surrogate for “ground truth” with respect to the collision mechanics. Simulation settings were tuned to the specifics of each crash, based on previous published work and engineering judgement. Using optimized inputs for each crash, PyCrash
Fischer, PatrickCormier, JosephWatson, Richard
With the rapid development of automobile industrialization, the traffic environment is becoming increasingly complex, traffic congestion and road accidents are becoming critical, and the importance of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is increasingly prominent. In our research, for the problem of cooperative control of heterogeneous intelligent connected vehicle platoons under ITS considering communication delay. The proposed method integrates the nonlinear Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) and a spacing compensation mechanism, aiming to ensure that the platoon maintains structural stability in the presence of communication disturbances, while also enhancing the comfort and safety of following vehicles. Firstly, construct heterogeneous vehicle platoon system based on the third-order vehicle dynamics model, Predecessor-Leader-Following (PLF) communication topology, and the fixed time-distance strategy, while a nonlinear distributed controller integrating the IDM following behavior
Ye, XinKang, Zhongping
This paper briefly introduces the vehicle characteristics of four-wheel steering. Based on the parameters of an electric SUV, a linear two-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model is established, and the transfer function of the rear wheel steering angle is derived to keep the sideslip angle at the center of gravity(CoG) constant at zero and proportional to the front wheel steering angle under steady state. The active rear wheel steering control strategy based on zero sideslip angle is established by MATLAB/Simulink, and a co-simulation model is built with CarSim and the HIL test bench to simulate and analyze the proposed control strategy. Subsequently, through classic handling stability test conditions such as the snake test, steering angle step test, and double lane change test, the influence of active rear wheel steering on vehicle dynamic response indicators such as sideslip angle, lateral acceleration, and yaw rate is studied, and the control effect is compared with that of the
Xu, XiangfeiQu, YuanLiu, Jiabao
Ensuring the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicles in increasingly complex, dynamic, and structured road environments remains a key challenge. While traditional optimization-based approaches can provide safety guarantees, they often struggle to meet real-time requirements due to high computational complexity. Concurrently, although Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) can ensure instantaneous safety with minimal intervention, their inherent locality makes it difficult to consider global task objectives, potentially leading to mission failure in complex scenarios like lane-change obstacle avoidance. To address this trade-off between safety and mission completion, this paper proposes a hierarchical switching CBF safety framework. The core of this framework is to decompose complex lane-change tasks into multiple logical phases and to activate specialized, pre-designed CBF constraint sets via a top-level logic controller. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and safety of the
Liu, BinXiao, ZhongkunLuo, XiaoXu, QingWang, JianqiangWang, Guangwei
Focusing on the deformation warning criteria for a new four-lane tunnel affected by an existing tunnel, this study employs numerical simulation to analyze the ultimate strain of the equivalent rock mass. The results reveal the ultimate shear strain and ultimate tensile strain of Class V surrounding rock, offering critical insights for deformation control and early warning systems. Relying on the Maaoling Tunnel Project, the tunnel planar analysis model is established based on the finite difference FLAC3D software to analyze the deformation and strain distribution pattern of the surrounding rock of the new tunnel under different distances and reduction factors between the new and the existing tunnel. Finally, the tunnel crown settlement as an indicator, the establishment of the Maaoling Tunnel V surrounding rock conditions of different distances construction safety warning standard for the construction of large-span tunnels and early warning provides the basis for the relevant
Zhang, YufanTian, WeiLiu, DongxingKang, XiaoyueChen, LimingZheng, Xiaoqing
The half-through arch bridge, known for its efficient structural design and seamless integration with the surrounding environment, is widely utilized in urban transportation infrastructure. However, during operation, the hangers of the through and half-through arch bridge are exposed to various factors, including environmental conditions and cyclic traffic loads, which often cause the hanger of these bridges to rust and fracture, will lead to structural damage or even the collapse of the entire bridge. Therefore, investigating the dynamic performance of half-through arch bridges, both before and after hanger damage, under vehicle-bridge coupling is of paramount importance for understanding the overall performance of the bridge. In this study, a half-through arch bridge was selected as the subject of investigation. A three-dimensional finite element model of the bridge was developed based on real-world engineering projects, and a numerical simulation of the vehicle-bridge coupling
Chen, XiaobingJi, Wei
Rubber components are an important part of the suspension system of high-speed trains, and the complex nonlinear characteristics of rubber parts have a significant impact on the vehicle dynamic performance. This paper establishes a nonlinear dynamics model of the liquid composite swivel arm positioning node, which can reflect the dynamic stiffness and dynamic damping characteristics of the rubber components that change nonlinearly with the frequency and amplitude, and also has a fast calculation speed. The vehicle dynamics simulation model considering the longitudinal stiffness nonlinear characteristics of the arm node is established, and the influence of the stiffness nonlinearity of the liquid composite arm positioning node on the dynamic performance of the vehicle, such as straight-line stability and curve passing ability, is studied in depth through numerical simulation.
Cheng, JunqiangYang, ChenLi, LongtaoCong, RilongHu, Tingzhou
Tracked Military Vehicles are well known in armed forces, due to their use and importance in conventional combat, playing a crucial role since World War I until current combats. Also, as it happens in different generations, the environment involved in these wars changes and those vehicles are being used not only in open field situations, but inside residential neighborhoods also. However, despite their relevance, analyses and studies aimed at understanding these vehicles are scarce at the undergraduate level, which creates a gap among the recent graduate engineers that want to learn and understand how tracked vehicles perform in different scenarios. This is important because understanding initial concepts helps to bring more ideas and start more detailed studies in the area. Therefore, to bridge this gap, a detailed dynamic analysis of a tracked military vehicle is conducted using MATLAB with a dynamic model to evaluate performance, level transitions, and acceleration. Additionally
Dalcin, Pedro Henrique KleimRibeiro, Levy PereiraLopes, Elias Dias RossiRodrigues, Gustavo Simão
Internal combustion engines have been developed and widely used since the last century, and they continue to be extensively employed today. Engine development has progressed significantly, and due to the environmental impacts caused by their use, new technologies are being developed to reduce pollutant formation after the combustion process and to increase thermal efficiency. Computational modeling is a tool that has supported this development and can be categorized into three types: zero-dimensional, quasi-dimensional, and three-dimensional models. The 0D and 1D models offer a good balance between computational processing time and result uncertainty when compared to three-dimensional models. The Wiebe function is a simple analytical approach capable of describing the fuel burn rate in combustion engines. Previous studies have shown that applying this function yields results that accurately describe the apparent heat release rate in PFI engines.The present study aims to determine the
Souza Pereira, Felipe Augusto deAraújo Moreira, Thiago Augusto deFilho, Fernando Antônio Rodrigues
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