Browse Topic: Munitions

Items (1,003)
Moog Inc. East Aurora, NY kgibas@moog.com
This AIR provides information about the specific requirements for missile hydraulic pumps and their associated power sources.
A-6C4 Power Sources Committee
Hybrid powertrain technology serves to improve performance, enable new functional capabilities, decrease fuel consumption, increase operational reach, and increase lethality by supporting advanced weapons systems. Several demonstrators have been developed for the Army, including those recently commissioned and tested by numerous programs over the last decade. This work examines the results of one of these demonstrators for a Light Tactical Vehicle (LTV) and analyzes tradeoffs in the components’ characteristics, including the battery size, energy, and power capabilities, specifically regarding the system’s ability to meet key performance and power generation requirements. This work was completed through test data analysis coupled with a vehicle 1D simulation. Results show design implementation impacts and tradeoffs between vehicle weight, performance, EV-only range, and fuel consumption that can be utilized for system-level optimization.
Worm, Zander ThomasGoodenough, BryantSchmidt, HenryPutrus, JohnathonNaber, Jeffrey
Hensoldt Taufkirchen, Germany nico.fritz@hensoldt.net
When a Marine in the field launches an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) to gather intelligence, it becomes more than just a drone. It's a flying data center that processes AI workloads, runs machine learning algorithms, and transmits critical information through a complex network designed to provide situational awareness across multiple commands. All of this computational power generates significant heat, and in the confined space of a UAV operating in harsh environmental conditions, thermal management becomes critical to mission success. But there's a fundamental question the U.S. defense isn't asking: how will we manage the heat? The Golden Dome, the Trump administration's vision for missile defense, builds upon the existing Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2) framework for connecting sensors from all branches of the U.S. armed forces into a unified network powered by artificial intelligence. This plan faces an existential threat from thermal management challenges that have
Several information security problems currently require the vigilance of the defender to prevent exploitation or misclassification of information, specifically code injection vulnerabilities and enforcement of Security Classification Guides. This paper discusses a potential solution that can enforce some of these rules by computer mechanism, reducing the potential for security problems. The solution is to replace using simple text strings with data structures containing both a string and a key-value data store. This metadata allows the computer to apply automated rules to enforce data sanitization and classification.
Czerniak, Gregory P.
The DEVCOM Armaments Center is developing the Assured Armaments Reference Architecture (AARA), a Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) for lethality systems. AARA defines internal and external data interfaces for integrated armament systems, promoting competition, reducing development lifecycles, and increasing sustainability by decreasing the scope of regression testing through well-defined interfaces. AARA will deliver a government-owned MOSA architecture consisting of the requirements and Interface Control Documents (ICDs) necessary to implement and conform to the AARA Data Bus and AARA Components’ data structure. AARA will be interoperable with PEO GCS’ Common Infrastructure Architecture (GCIA), enabling a MOSA for lethality systems across stand-alone armament systems and ground vehicle platforms
Toppler, JenelleWright, MikeWinters, Adam
In shoot-and-scoot tactics, a common rule is that artillery units should not reuse firing positions; a more cautious rule is that they should not even pass near an old firing position when relocating. We use the cautious rule to define a variant of the traveling salesman problem, where an artillery unit shall use as many firing positions as possible with minimal travel time and never reuse or pass near an old firing position. We develop greedy and randomized heuristic algorithms and test them on some examples, and an auxiliary algorithm that finds a lower bound of the travel time. We also use “independent sets” of graph theory to reduce a problem instance to one or several smaller instances. We find that one can get good solutions reasonably fast by running a randomized algorithm repeatedly and that problem reduction via independent sets can improve performance.
Damgaard, Thomas JonssonRittri, Mikael
U.S. Army Redstone Arsenal, AL 703-697-9603
BlueHalo Arlington, VA paul.frommelt@bluehalo.com
Modern military operations prove that increased terrain mobility is critical for heavy tracked vehicles’ (HTVs) survivability and lethality. HTV major system packaging as a component of preliminary design with many physical constraints and assumptions poses great challenges for mobility. This paper develops an approach and a method that accounts for such constraints/assumptions and optimizes the packaging of the HTV system assembly, including vehicle armor, armament and munition, powertrain, and fuel tanks. The optimization purpose is to accommodate the center of gravity for improving ground pressure distribution and then reducing the sinkage. This work is based on a literature review and combines numerous techniques rooted in Western literature and Eastern Soviet- and post-Soviet-era literature. The optimization process is developed using a genetic algorithm. The Mean Relative Design (MRD) parameter is proposed to study the average system rearrangement (i.e., re-packing) that is
Vardi, HaggayVantsevich, VladimirGorsich, David
U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command’s Armaments Center Independence, MO usarmy.pica.jpeo-aa.mbx.jpeo-aa-public-affairs@army.mil
Affordable mass refers to the ability to rapidly produce large quantities of effective, cost-efficient munitions and systems. It's not about cutting corners but about optimizing every facet of the production process, from design to deployment. The challenge goes beyond strategic methods of design and manufacturing - and must feature industrywide acceptance of affordability as a means of adding capacity, survivability, and efficacy to a new generation of munitions. The Department of Defense (DoD) is faced with preparing for potential confrontations with peer or near-peer adversaries. Unlike conflicts of the past, where U.S. forces may have faced regional militias with limited air defense capabilities, today's enemy is armed with integrated air defense systems (IADS) capable of countering non-stealth aircraft and outdated weapons. While advanced 5th generation F-35 fighters and B-21 stealth bombers can penetrate these modern air defenses, the Air Force must also develop an inventory of
Affordable mass refers to the ability to rapidly produce large quantities of effective, cost-efficient munitions and systems. It’s not about cutting corners but about optimizing every facet of the production process, from design to deployment. The challenge goes beyond strategic methods of design and manufacturing — and must feature industrywide acceptance of affordability as a means of adding capacity, survivability, and efficacy to a new generation of munitions.
Anduril Industries Orange County, CA Contact@anduril.com
Every time a soldier pulls the trigger on a 7.62 rifle or pulls the wire of a 155 Howitzer, a complex chain reaction ensues over the next millisecond that we refer to as the ignition event. The ignition event involves a highly dynamic interaction with heat and mass transfer between multiple reacting chemicals across a varied spatial domain to achieve rapid and uniform burning of the entire granular propellant bed. After the ignition event, standard interior ballistics apply: Propellant is burnt, pressure increases and the projectile accelerates down the barrel until leaving the muzzle. To date, the details and controlling mechanisms of the ignition event and propagation into granular propellant beds have not been well understood or characterized. Weapon designers often simplify the ignition and combustion process by assuming it behaves in a quasi-static manner, and therefore the thermodynamic state across the entire combustion chamber at any point in time is modeled by single, uniform
Delivered by Team Hersa, a joint Defense Equipment & Support (DE&S) and Defense, Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) enterprise, the Radio Frequency Directed Energy Weapon (RFDEW) can detect, track and engage a range of threats across land, air and sea. The system uses radio waves to disrupt or damage critical electronic components inside enemy platforms, such as drones, causing them to stop in their tracks or fall out of the sky. As such, it offers a solution for the protection and defense of critical assets and bases. Capable of downing dangerous drone swarms with instant effect, at only 10p per shot, the RFDEW is a highly capable and cost-effective alternative to traditional missile-based air defense systems. It will be able to effect targets up to 1 km away, with further development in extending the range ongoing. Its high level of automation also means the system can be operated by a single person.
BlueHalo Arlington, VA 703-718-4050
Defense Equipment & Support (DE&S) Bristol, UK 0117-913-0893
The aim of this paper is to present a numerical analysis of high-speed flows over a missile geometry. The N1G missile has been selected for our study, which is subjected to a high-speed flow at Mach 4 over a range of Angle of attack (AoA) from 0° to 6°. The analysis has been conducted for a 3-dimensional missile model using ANSYS environment. The study contemplates to provide new insights into the missile aerodynamic performance which includes the coefficient of lift (CL), coefficient of drag (CD) and coefficient of moment (CM) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As there is a lack of availability of data for missile geometries, such as free stream conditions and/or the experimental data for a given Mach number, this paper intends to provide a detailed analysis at Mach 4. As the technology is advancing, there is a need for high-speed weapons (missiles) with a good aerodynamic performance, which intern will benefit in reduction of fuel consumption. In order to meet the
Padmanabha, M AnanthPrasad, BhoomikaSivasubramanian, Jayahar
Severe problem of aerodynamic heating and drag force are inherent with any hypersonic space vehicle like space shuttle, missiles etc. For proper design of vehicle, the drag force measurement become very crucial. Ground based test facilities are employed for these estimates along with any suitable force balance as well as sensors. There are many sensors (Accelerometer, Strain gauge and Piezofilm) reported in the literature that is used for evaluating the actual aerodynamic forces over test model in high speed flow. As per previous study, the piezofilm also become an alternative sensor over the strain gauges due to its simple instrumentation. For current investigation, the piezofilm and strain gauge sensors have mounted on same stress force balance to evaluate the response time as well as accuracy of predicted force at the same instant. However, these force balance need to be calibrated for inverse prediction of the force from recorded responses. A reliable multi point calibration
Kamal, AbhishekDeka, SushmitaSahoo, NiranjanKulkarni, Vinayak
Lockheed Martin Orlando, FL 407-284-9248
In 2023, Parry Labs was awarded two tasks under the Aviation and Missile Technology Consortium's (AMTC) Other Transactions Agreement to lead a multi-vendor team to collaboratively define the Army's Modular Open Systems Approach (MOSA) requirements for computing and software operating environments for all future Army Aviation procurements. This relatively new approach for the Army and industry drove collaboration and allowed U.S. Government (USG) to make key modularity and openness decisions relative to Aviation Mission Computing Environment (AMCE). This unique opportunity provided a platform for industry to openly inform requirements at a much more granular level than previously possible, providing assurances that such detailed requirements wouldn't be an overreach or constrain innovation and disrupt industry business models. Solicited to the entire AMTC, which represents the vast majority of the aviation industrial base, the AMTC and USG team selected the most qualified vendors to
The development of hypersonic missiles represents the most significant advancement of defense weaponry since the 1960s. However, they also pose unique challenges for both design and technology. The term “hypersonic” refers to any speed faster than five times the speed of sound, or above Mach 5. Modern hypersonic missile systems require extensive communications interconnects within a highly confined space. This space requirement creates a demand for solutions combining small form factor with reduced weight and rugged construction to withstand high vibration and impact conditions from deployment to target. Currently there are two types of hypersonic weapons. Hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs), also known as boost-glide vehicles, typically launch from ballistic missiles and are released at a specific altitude, speed, and with the flight path tailored to a target without being powered. Hypersonic cruise missiles (HCMs) are powered all the way to their targets, flying at lower altitudes than
L3Harris Technologies Melbourne, FL 585-465-3592
This report reviews human factors research on the supervision of multiple unmanned vehicles (UVs) as it affects human integration with Air-Launched Effects (ALE). U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Analysis Center, Fort Novosel, Alabama Air-Launched Effects (ALEs) are a concept for operating small, inexpensive, attritable, and highly autonomous unmanned aerial systems that can be tube launched from aircraft. Launch from ground vehicles is planned as well, although Ground-Launched Effects are not yet a requirement. ALEs are envisioned to provide “reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition (RSTA), and lethality with an advanced team of manned and unmanned aircraft as part of an ecosystem including Future Attack and Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) and ALE.” A primary purpose of ALEs is to extend “tactical and operational reach and lethality of manned assets, allowing them to remain outside of the range of enemy sensors and weapon systems while delivering kinetic and
Air-Launched Effects (ALEs) are a concept for operating small, inexpensive, attritable, and highly autonomous unmanned aerial systems that can be tube launched from aircraft. Launch from ground vehicles is planned as well, although Ground-Launched Effects are not yet a requirement. ALEs are envisioned to provide “reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition (RSTA), and lethality with an advanced team of manned and unmanned aircraft as part of an ecosystem including Future Attack and Reconnaissance Aircraft (FARA) and ALE.” A primary purpose of ALEs is to extend “tactical and operational reach and lethality of manned assets, allowing them to remain outside of the range of enemy sensors and weapon systems while delivering kinetic and non-kinetic, lethal and non-lethal mission effects against multiple threats, as well as, providing battle damage assessment data.”
Raytheon Arlington, VA 202-384-2474
Unguided sounding rockets, also known as sub-orbital rockets, are vehicles that carry scientific experiments and/or sensors to collect data during their trajectory. These rockets lack active control but are capable of traversing the Earth’s atmosphere. It is crucial to thoroughly analyze the flight parameters during the preliminary design phase. The Open Rocket flight simulation software, developed by Sampo Niskanen, is a widely used open-source project. However, it has some simplifications in comparison to its documentation. It does not specify the calculations of critical parameters required for the rocket’s stability during its flight. Additionally, it does not calculate data related to dynamic stability, which encompasses the system’s ability to make disturbances corrections during the rocket’s trajectory. Consequently, this study presents a flight simulation of a rocket with 6 degrees of freedom using Matlab/Simulink. Two scenarios are simulated: one without wind and another with
de Oliveira Junior, Wilson LuizFazzolari, Heloise AssisFreire, Cesar Monzude Paiva Carvalho, Carlos Alberto
More than five years ago, then-U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, Michael Griffin, announced the department's future Defense Digital Engineering Strategy. That long-term strategy, still ongoing, aims to “formalize the development, integration, and use of models to inform enterprise and program decision making,” and provide “an enduring, authoritative source of truth” for improved innovation and culture-wide collaboration in making weapons systems and parts. Within U.S. and Allied defense departments, there is increasing awareness that additive manufacturing (AM, aka 3D printing) as a means for achieving digitalized, on-demand, production agility, has a significant role to play in realizing these strategic goals. AM is already providing faster and more flexible part turnaround and cost reduction of some low- and even mid-volume military parts. In compliance with Department of Defense (DoD) objectives, AM is a model-based, integrated, and enterprise-ready
This standard only defines interconnect, electrical and logical (functional) requirements for the interface between a Micro Munition and the Host. The physical and mechanical interface between the Micro Munition and Host is undefined. Individual programs will define the relevant requirements for physical and mechanical interfaces in the Interface Control Document (ICD) or system specifications. It is acknowledged that this does not guarantee full interoperability of Interface for Micro Munitions (IMM) interfaces until further standardization is achieved.
AS-1B Aircraft Store Integration Committee
This recommended practice covers the requirements and qualification tests for two types of flexible all-metal hose assemblies intended for hydraulic use on missile and rocket applications at rated pressures of 4000 psi. Type I -65° to +650 °F service temperature range Type II -65° to +1000 °F service temperature range
G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies
During her recent remarks at the National Defense Industrial Association's (NDIA) Emerging Technologies for Defense conference, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense Kathleen Hicks outlined the agency's new “Replicator” initiative. Under the new Replicator initiative, over the next 18 to 24 months, the Defense Department will deploy thousands of low cost autonomous systems across multiple domains. DoD officials are limiting the amount of information they will release around technology or platform specifics for Replicator. Hicks did confirm however that Replicator has been established to counter the rapid buildup of the People's Republic of China's (PRC) armed forces, weapons and new technologies.
Introduction: The use of less lethal impact munitions (LLIMs) by law enforcement has increased in frequency, especially following nationwide protests regarding police brutality and racial injustice in the summer of 2020. There are several reports of the projectiles causing severe injuries when they penetrate the skin including pulmonary contusions, bone fractures, liver lacerations, and, in some cases, death. The penetration threshold of skin in different body regions is due to differences in the underlying structure (varying degree of muscle, adipose tissue, and presence or absence of bone). Objective: The objective of this study was to further investigate what factors affected the likelihood of skin penetration in various body regions and to develop corresponding penetration risk curves. Methods: A total of eight, fresh/never frozen, unembalmed, postmortem human specimens (PMHS) were impacted by two projectile sizes: a 1″ and 5/8″ neoprene rubber ball in various body regions
Foley, SierraSherman, DonaldDavis, AndrewMacDonald, RobertBir, Cynthia
A new spatial calibration procedure has been introduced for infrared optical systems developed for cases where camera systems are required to be focused at distances beyond 100 meters. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Armaments Center, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ All commercially available camera systems have lenses (and internal geometries) that cannot perfectly refract light waves and refocus them onto a two-dimensional (2D) image sensor. This means that all digital images contain elements of distortion and thus are not a true representation of the real world. Expensive high-fidelity lenses may have little measurable distortion, but if sufficient distortion is present, it will adversely affect photogrammetric measurements made from the images produced by these systems. This is true regardless of the type of camera system, whether it be a daylight camera, infrared (IR) camera, or camera sensitive to another part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The most common examples of large
For more than a decade, military ground vehicle projects and programs have leveraged ubiquitous communication technologies such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User-Datagram Protocol (UDP), Internet Protocol (IP) and Ethernet. Open standards such as Data Distribution Service (DDS) and the Vehicular Integration for Command, Control, Computers, Communication, Intelligence, Surveillance [C4ISR] Interoperability (VICTORY) typically are built on top of this traditional UDP, TCP/IP, and Ethernet networking suite which has resulted in a dramatic increase in the ability to connect and integrate systems on Army ground vehicles. Systems that are built using this approach enjoy the high-performance, scalability, interoperability and other desired architectural attributes that are foundational to the Modular Open System Approach (MOSA), however for the most part they lack critical characteristics such as synchronization, redundancy, guarantees for bounded latency and jitter; these
Elliott, Leonard
Resupply missions are critical logistical parts of modern warfare. Supply vehicles carrying fuel and ammunition are high-value targets meaning that the route chosen to approach such a mission is sensitive to risk and a critical time of delivery. We address the problem of a supply vehicle that needs to find a secure path to link up with a mobile frontline unit that has a fixed known itinerary. This paper presents a resupply path planning algorithm, the Adaptive Intercepting Path Planning (AIPP) algorithm, that balances risk and travel time to find the most suitable rendezvous point among several. The algorithm generates the least risky route that meets the rendezvous deadline.
Damgaard, Thomas JonssonRittri, MikaelFranz, Patrick
United States adversaries are advancing unmanned systems (UxS) at an exponential rate. New advancements in lightweight intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR) targeting sensors, size, weight, and power (SWAP) computational payloads, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), have generated an advanced threat to U.S forces. The recent conflict in Ukraine illustrates the usage of lethal, weaponized UxS at scale in both conventional and irregular warfare and demonstrates the need for robotic systems capable of autonomous precision targeting and kinetic defeat. [1] The Wolf Pack project aims at developing modular weapons payloads (MWP) for quadruped unmanned ground vehicles (Q-UGV). The MWP system would integrate precision targeting sensors, networked lethality software, narrow AI/ML precision trackers, and advanced fire control with weapon systems such as rifles (M4), anti-armor (AT-4) and tube lunched systems (40mm loitering munition). The MWP system would run on
Vazquez, Raymond
Northrop Grumman San Diego, CA 858-245-7929
Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace selected a radar test setup from Rohde & Schwarz based on the R&S SMW200A vector signal generator for multi-channel phase-coherent radar signal generation. Kongsberg is Norway's premier supplier of defense and aerospace-related technologies. The joint strike missile (JSM) is a fifth generation long range precision strike missile. Using advanced sensors, the JSM can locate targets based on their electronic signature. Qualification of the JSM is under way with the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF). Kongsberg's JSM must operate autonomously in highly contested environments. To increase mission success, the missile has a passive RF sensor that can locate and identify radio frequency emitters. To test and verify this RF direction finding capability in a laboratory, Kongsberg required a multi-channel phase coherent vector signal generator that could be linked to existing test environments.
Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace selected a radar test setup from Rohde & Schwarz based on the R&S SMW200A vector signal generator for multi-channel phase-coherent radar signal generation. Kongsberg is Norway’s premier supplier of defense and aerospace-related technologies. The joint strike missile (JSM) is a fifth generation long range precision strike missile. Using advanced sensors, the JSM can locate targets based on their electronic signature. Qualification of the JSM is under way with the Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF).
A bullet impact (BI) test for evaluating the response of energetically loaded items has been established at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Command (DEVCOM) Armaments Center (AC) Explosive Development Facility. Army Combat Capabilities Command, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ Bullet impact (BI) is a standard test used to assess ordnance during insensitive munitions (IM) testing, for hazard classification, and for safety evaluations. IM evaluation and scoring features a series of tests designed to quantify the response of a munition to a variety of thermal and impact threats that are possible throughout its lifecycle, such as a fuel fire and impact from fragments and shaped charge jets. The BI test is designed to simulate a small arms attack. This test is described in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) standards Allied Ordnance Publication (AOP)-39, “Policy for Introduction and Assessment of Insensitive Munitions (IM),” and AOP-4241, “Bullet Impact Munition Test Procedures,” and the
Bullet impact (BI) is a standard test used to assess ordnance during insensitive munitions (IM) testing, for hazard classification, and for safety evaluations. IM evaluation and scoring features a series of tests designed to quantify the response of a munition to a variety of thermal and impact threats that are possible throughout its lifecycle, such as a fuel fire and impact from fragments and shaped charge jets. The BI test is designed to simulate a small arms attack.
RF cable assemblies might appear to be a minor component in system design, but they can make all the difference between success and failure, especially in mission-critical industries such as defense and space. The RF interconnect is the vital bridge between many critical systems, including payload, communications, signal transport, and processing. This article will primarily focus on hypersonic missile systems and satellites to illustrate these concepts, as they jointly highlight the importance of RF cable assembly design in extreme environments.
As the Department of Defense (DoD) prepares the military for the evolving needs of the 21st century battlefield, its focus is on emerging technologies that enable all domain operations, from cyber to the electromagnetic spectrum. In parallel, the DoD continues to pay close attention to the fundamental supply-chain building blocks of future weapons systems ranging from open standards and smaller form factors to cost controls and supply chain strengthening.
The U.S. Air Force has completed the functional configuration audit (FCA) of the latest variant of Raytheon Technologies' Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM). The AMRAAM AIM-120D-3 is on-track toward fielding by both the Air Force and Navy this year.
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