Browse Topic: Ferries

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Modeling and Design of a PEM Fuel Cell System for Ferry Applications2023-24-01458/28/2023
The upcoming regulations to achieve zero-emission passenger transport present challenges for designing new ferry powertrains. The proposed work investigates the feasibility of using a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) power system to power a long-haul ferry. The paper describes the zero-order cell model as well as the method for estimating cell degradation. The stack modeling, heat balance equations, and auxiliary modeling are also presented. The proposed model enables the simulation of the fuel cell under different operating conditions and includes the use of air or oxygen as an oxidizer. A thermal management strategy for the overall PEMFC system is also proposed. The model was calibrated on the characteristic curves of the PEMFC Ballard FCvelocity™ HD6 (150 kW) and validated by reproducing experimental results. Then, a real load profile of a ferry, as well as the proposed powertrain is considered as case study. The presented results are related to a single daily mission and its deterioration throughout the set mission cycle is finally presented.
Saponaro, Gianmarco, Stefanizzi, Michele, Franchini, Emanuele, Torresi, Marco, Camporeale, Sergio
SAE TOMORROW TODAY: Zero Emission Island Hopping with Seagliders1334110/6/2022
No airport security. 180 mph cruise speed. Zero emissions. This is the future of island hopping in coastal regions around the world made possible by a completely new mode of transportation: all-electric seagliders. As a pioneer in sustainable maritime mobility, REGENT recently achieved a revolutionary first in aviation for foil-to-wing take-off. We sat down with Billy Thalheimer, Co-Founder and CEO, REGENT, for an exclusive interview on his company's ground-breaking Wing-in-Ground Effect (WIG) technology. He explains how seagliders are essentially two vessels in one - a hydrofoil ferry in the harbor that can take off onto its wings. Staying within about a wingspan of the water, seagliders can service routes up to 180 miles with existing technology, and 500 miles with upgradeable batteries. Backed by some of the world's premier investors, including Mark Cuban, REGENT is transforming regional air travel, decarbonizing maritime, and pioneering the first successful foil-to-wing flight.
Hineman, Marcie
Chip-Based Power Measurement SensorTBMG-270196/1/2017
Phone signals spend at least some time traveling over fiber-optic cables. To ensure that the information gets where it needs to go, and to help researchers find better ways to ferry this information around, it’s necessary to reliably measure radiation power through these fibers. In order to calibrate a radiation power meter, researchers currently have to use a bulky cryogenic system and transfer the measurements to at least one other intermediate system. Each of these transfers increases uncertainties in the measurements, and the cryogenic systems are relatively rare and expensive to use and maintain.
Benchmarking of UAV Guidance Systems in Nap of the Earth (NOE) FlightF-0070-2014-96725/20/2014
ABSTRACT This paper describes the development of a proposed framework of metrics for the evaluation of the performance of aircraft guidance systems. The methodologies and metrics developed remain generally agnostic to whether or not the aircraft is manned. Although more complicated missions such as autonomous exploration/search, ferry, surveillance, multi-agent collaboration, and manned flight may be addressed at a later time, A-B flight scenarios are chosen to study the proposed metrics. The proposed metrics will form building blocks for the more complicated missions. Metrics development has thus far generally focused on NOE flight, and in particular on the observability of the vehicle throughout its mission. That is, a formulation of probability of detection by potential and generally unknown threats in the mission area will be the main metric. Secondary metrics provide insight into the vehicle's trajectory quality in terms of safety and comfort, experienced by both humans and machines are described as well. Scalability of the benchmarking system is also important and benchmarking should be general enough to allow guidance algorithms to be graded independently of the vehicle platform, for instance. Non-dimensionalization metrics will address this concern.
Bershadsky, Dmitry, Johnson, Eric
V-22 and the Future of Carrier Onboard Delivery (COD): Improving the Way the Navy Re-Supplies Its Carriers and Maritime ForcesF-0070-2014-96025/20/2014
ABSTRACT The Carrier onboard delivery (COD) mission involves the use of aircraft to ferry personnel, mail, supplies, VIPs, and high-priority cargo, such as replacement parts from shore bases to aircraft carriers. Several types of aircraft, including helicopters, have been used by navies in the COD role. Helicopters in the USN fleet have also played a major role in re-supply with the Vertical Onboard Delivery, or VOD mission element. The COD/VOD combined mission has heretofore amounted to a maritime hub-and-spoke system whereby the COD aircraft deploy the major re-supply cache to a carrier (hub), followed by distribution of supplies and personnel (spoke) to other carriers and ships using helicopters in the VOD role. The Navy is currently considering options for future COD platforms as the Greyhounds approach the end of their current service life supporting the carriers. This paper discusses the potential for improvements in cost and time executing the Navy’s carrier re-supply using the V-22 Osprey in the COD and COD/VOD combined re-supply roles.
Barber, John, Karika, Ken, Roby, Brian
Launch Escape System Advances Commercial Human SpaceflightTBMG-109889/1/2011
Launch escape system Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX) Hawthorne, CA 310-363-6000 www.spacex.com
As Shuttle Era Ends, NASA Still Chasing DreamsTBMG-104537/5/2011
This Friday, the Space Shuttle program is scheduled to launch its final flight. But as the shuttle era ends, new space vehicles continue to be developed -- even those that are not so new.
A Rapid Temperature Superposition Method to Determine Creep Behaviour of Thermoplastics for Automotive Electronics Applications2009-26-00831/21/2009
Recent developments in polymer technology have gained automotive industry's attention as a viable alternative for ubiquitous metals. Apart from the design loads envisaged, an automotive part is subjected to multiple environmental loads including variation in ambient temperature. In particular, several automotive electronics applications feature product placements in zones of high temperature (on-engine being the most severe with temperatures exceeding 125°C), which drive the material close to melting points. Exposure to such a harsh environment will have adverse effects on the components (particularly those made of plastics) whose life span is expected to be 20 years. This calls for better characterization of polymers to help predict their behavior during usage. The challenge lies in devising an effective experimental procedure backed with an analytical method to present the material property in a rapidly usable format for technical analysis. Traditional long-term creep test procedures are too time-intensive to suit the current scheme. The focus of this study is on developing a methodology using short time (less than 24 hours) creep tests wherein the interrelationships between Young's Modulus, time and temperature are presented and analyzed. The creep testing technique applied in such an environment has evolved as a promising tool to be used in the design of thermoplastic components. The plots at each temperature are superposed by log aT the temperature dependent shift factor, to form a master curve of sigmoid shape. William-Lendel- Ferry (WLF) relation [1] is used to compute the shift factor. Polycarbonate (LEXAN) is the polymer highlighted in this study. For a viscoelastic material, each loading step makes an independent contribution to the final deformation or extension. A new approach known as Temperature Superposition Method is devised to obtain the temperature dependency of strain at various load levels.
Kulkarni, Mukund, Krishna, Arvind
EVA Operations Using the Spacelab Logistics Pallet for Hardware Deliveries2001-01-22017/9/2001
There are a large number of space structures, orbital replacement units (ORUs) and other components that must be transported to orbit on a regular basis for the assembly and maintenance of the International Space Station (ISS). Some of this hardware will be ferried on the Spacelab Logistics Pallet (SLP), which has a long and reliable history of space flight successes. The carrier is well used, well qualified, and very adaptable for repeated use in accommodating cargoes of various sizes and shapes. This paper presents an overview of past, present and future hardware design solutions that accommodate EVA operations on the SLP. It further demonstrates how analysis techniques and design considerations have influenced the hardware development, EVA operations, and compliance with human engineering requirements for the SLP.
Hagale, Thomas J.
Off-Highway Exhaust Gas After-Treatment:Combining Urea-SCR, Oxidation Catalysis and Traps9303633/1/1993
Primary measures, to reduce the NOx emissions from diesel engines, penalize the fuel consumption and aggravate the CO2 problem. Instead, an after-treatment system is proposed that permits optimum combustion and yet reduces the NOx by more than 95%. Such installations are in operation for more than five years. Successful deployment on a short-haul ferry, subject to highly cyclic operation, began in Spring 1992. The chief features are high space-velocity (25,000 1/h), urea as non-toxic reactant and rapid transient response. The attained results counter the misgivings about the SCR catalysis. Development aims at further halving the size thus facilitating service in off-highway vehicles such as locomotives and earth-movers. The integration of particulate traps using knitted micro-fibers is under development.
Hug, H. T., Mayer, A., Hartenstein, A.
AV-8B Operational Features for Rapid Deployment8012289/1/1980
The Marine Corps Vertical and Short Takeoff and Landing (V/STOL) AV-8B light attack aircraft's operational features will enhance the tactical air support required by the Rapid Deployment Force (RDF). With its ability for vertical and short takeoff and vertical landing, the AV-8B gives the RDF the potential to enhance basing flexibility. In addition to its unique V/STOL characteristics the AV-8B has an unfueled ferry range of over 2000 nautical miles. It can also carry 2270 kilograms (5000 pounds) of ordnance to 500 nautical miles radius without refueling.
Showers, R.G.
Golden Gate Coordinated System-Commuting By Land and By Sea7606252/1/1976
This paper describes the growing automobile congestion within the Golden Gate Corridor and reviews an alternative means of public transportation through the use of buses and ferries. The paper outlines the planning and design criteria used in the selection of an optimum vessel and related terminal facilities. Three new Spaulding Class 165 foot, 750 passenger, vessels are presently under construction. These vessels will be all aluminum with a 25 knot power package consisting of gas turbine engines and waterjet pumps. Two modern marine passenger terminals have also been designed, with construction of one already completed.
Kowleski, S. M.
Shuttle Ferry Propulsion System7309282/1/1973
A unique propulsion system is being developed for the Space Shuttle Orbiter utilizing airbreathing engines to provide a means for horizontal flight testing and ferrying the Orbiter within the contiguous United States. Primarily, the NASA was concerned with ferrying the Orbiter from manufacturing site to launch site, but it was also recognized that on some occasions weather conditions or other emergency situations might dictate landing at alternate sites when returning from space missions. These situations would also require subsequent takeoff and ferry to a launch site. To fulfill these objectives, certain ground rules and criteria were selected, consisting primarily of takeoff capability on a hot day from a runway 10,000 feet in length, a 423 nautical mile minimum cruise range, engine out cruise ceiling of 10,000 feet, the use of existing engines, and an installation that was easily attached and removed from the Orbiter vehicle. The current ferry configuration, which meets these requirements and the limitations imposed by the Orbiter itself,consists of six TF33-P-7 non-afterburning engines mounted two in a pod under each wing with a third twin engine pod under the fuselage between the main landing gears. The airbreathing engine arrangement which has resulted, while employing conventional propulsion subsystems, still possesses installation problems because of the low ground clearance. However, it represents the best compromise with the many limitations which exist, and it is a feasible configuration for the limited number of ferry flights anticipated over the life of the Orbiter.
Doell, James F.
Design Considerations and Selection of Controls for Vessels Equipped With Controllable-Pitch Propellers6203851/1/1962
The propulsion control system of a vessel equipped with a controllable pitch propeller is discussed along with factors influencing its design. These factors are the hull, propeller, and prime mover (diesel, gas-turbine, and steam) characteristics and the vessel's operating requirements. The system is also discussed in relationship to such special problems as vessels with a high displacement to horsepower ratio. The appendix includes a complete description of the propulsion control system in 352 ft passenger ferries.
Wennberg, P. K.
The ATL 98 Carvair Story6204371/1/1962
This paper gives the background to the story and some of the problems encountered in converting the Douglas DC-4 to its new role as a commercial vehicle ferry transport renamed the Carvair. The story has created considerable interest, probably because the vehicle ferry operation is unique, and secondly because the modification is about the largest successful one ever to be carried out.
Leftley, Arthur C.
CONSIDERATIONS OF THE RENDEZVOUS PROBLEMS FOR SPACE VEHICLES6002681/1/1960
The problems involved in making a soft rendezvous in space are considered, as in the transfer of personnel or supplies from a ferry vehicle to a space station. The various phases of a complete rendezvous mission, such as the injection, approach, terminal, and acquisition phases, are brought out. Special attention is given to the penalties that arise due to errors in such quantities as velocity, altitude, orbital inclination, etc., and on schemes for correcting flight paths so as to use a minimum of fuel. Attention is also focused on the wait time that is involved before a rendezvous launch can be made. Wait periods of many days appear necessary if launch is to be made into the correct orbital plane, with a subsequent lead or lag correction, but wait periods of only about a day or two are feasible if launch is made into an incorrect orbital plane with a subsequent plane correction.
HOUBOLT, JOHN C.
Some Aspects of the Flying CraneSM_WF_1957-429910/22/1957
The yield of ton-miles per hour that can be expected from each ton of specialized crane is compared to that of internally loaded helicopters and helicopters being used as cranes. Considerations concerning the size of cranes are reviewed~ including the ferry problem. Finally, some questions concerning sling arrangements and the need for a winch are reviewed.
Doblhoff, Fred
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