Browse Topic: Head injuries
ABSTRACT TARDEC researched head impact protective, energy attenuating materials for use in U.S. Army Ground System Vehicle (GSV) applications. The purpose of the project is to reduce potential head impact related mounted crew injuries and deaths which may occur during underbody blast, crash and rollover events. Commercial-off-the-shelf materials were evaluated for their energy attenuating performance. Exposed surface materials in combination with core material were also researched and evaluated. Baseline vehicle testing was conducted to understand the current head impact criterion. The results of this effort identified solutions which may potentially meet the needs of the Army to reduce head impact related injuries which may occur during crash, rollover and blast events. TARDEC used the knowledge gained from this project to create performance specification requirements for interior head impact protective components and materials for use in U.S. Army vehicles
Communicating when traumatic brain injury, stroke, or disease has made speech impossible can be daunting. But specialized eye-tracking technology uses eye movement to enable people living with disabilities to connect one-on-one, over the phone, or via the internet
With the current trend of including the evaluation of the risk of brain injuries in vehicle crashes due to rotational kinematics of the head, two injury criteria have been introduced since 2013 – BrIC and DAMAGE. BrIC was developed by NHTSA in 2013 and was suggested for inclusion in the US NCAP for frontal and side crashes. DAMAGE has been developed by UVa under the sponsorship of JAMA and JARI and has been accepted tentatively by the EuroNCAP. Although BrIC in US crash testing is known and reported, DAMAGE in tests of the US fleet is relatively unknown. The current paper will report on DAMAGE in NCAP-like tests and potential future frontal crash tests involving substantial rotation about the three axes of occupant heads. Distribution of DAMAGE of three-point belted occupants without airbags will also be discussed. Prediction of brain injury risks from the tests have been compared to the risks in the real world. Although DAMAGE correlates well with MPS in the human brain model across
Hood insulators are widely used in automotive industry to improve noise insulation, pedestrian impact protection and to provide aesthetic appeal. They are attached below the hood panel and are often complex in shape and size. Pedestrian head impacts are highly dynamic events with a compressive strain rate experienced by the insulator exceeding 300/s. The energy generated by the impact is partly absorbed by the hood insulators thus reducing the head injury to the pedestrian. During this process, the insulator experiences multi-axial stress states. The insulators are usually made of soft multi-layered materials, such as polyurethane or fiberglass, and have a thin scrim layer on either side. These materials are foamed to their nominal thickness and are compression molded to take the required shape of the hood. During this process they undergo thickness reduction, thereby increasing their density. Hence, the material properties vary greatly based on the thickness and strain rate
Letter from the Special Issue Editors
Eighteen research posters were prepared and presented by student authors at the 18th Annual Injury Biomechanics Symposium. The posters covered a wide breadth of works-in-progress and recently completed projects. Topics included a variety of body regions and injury scenarios such as: Head: Defining the mass, center of mass, and anatomical coordinate system of the pig head and brain; the influence of friction on oblique helmet testing; validation of an in-ear sensor for measuring head impact exposure in American football Neck and spine: Design of paramedic mannequin neck informed by adult passive neck stiffness and range of motion data; identifying injury from flexion-compression loading of porcine lumbar intervertebral disc Thorax: Tensile material properties of costal cartilage perichondrium; finite element models of both an ovine thorax and adipose tissue for high-rate non-penetrating blunt impact Pelvis: Injurious pelvis deformation in high-speed rear-facing frontal impacts Lower
During development of military helmets and HMDs, materiel developers need a valid and repeatable test methodology for measuring their mass properties. DEVCOM SC and USAARL reviewed existing mass properties measurement procedures and identified critical items to incorporate into a unified Army methodology. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, Natick, MA U.S. military service members are provided protective head gear for use in training and operational environments. This headgear is typically in the form of a helmet, at a minimum consisting of a rigid outer shell and an individual fitting and retention system, which is an essential personal protective equipment (PPE) item. Many different helmet configurations are used by the U.S. soldier, depending on their military occupational series, the anticipated threat, and the operational environment. Helmet designs have evolved to provide protection beyond fragmentation, to include head protection from blunt head impact
A new biomaterial that can be injected intravenously, reduces inflammation in tissue and promotes cell and tissue repair. The injectable biomaterial was tested and proven effective in treating tissue damage caused by heart attacks in both rodent and large animal models. Researchers also provided proof of concept in a rodent model that the biomaterial could be beneficial to patients with traumatic brain injury and pulmonary arterial hypertension
Researchers in Japan have developed the first wearable devices to precisely monitor jaundice, a yellowing of the skin caused by elevated bilirubin levels in the blood that can cause severe medical conditions in newborns. Jaundice can be treated easily by irradiating the infant with blue light that breaks bilirubin down to be excreted through urine. The treatment itself, however, can disrupt bonding time, cause dehydration, and increase the risks of allergic diseases. Neonatal jaundice is one of the leading causes of death and brain damage in infants in low- and middle-income countries
This SAE Recommended Practice describes the testing procedures required to evaluate the integrity of a ground ambulance-based patient litter, litter retention system, and patient restraint when exposed to a frontal, side or rear impact. Its purpose is to provide litter manufacturers, ambulance builders, and end-users with testing procedures and, where appropriate, acceptance criteria that, to a great extent ensures the patient litter, litter retention system, and patient restraint utilizes a similar dynamic performance test methodology to that which is applied to other vehicle seating and occupant restraint systems. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, test fixture, and performance metrics are included
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) documents a common understanding of terms, compliance issues, and design criteria to facilitate certification of seat installations specific to Part 25 aircraft. This ARP provides general guidance for seats to be installed in Part 23 aircraft and Parts 27 and 29 rotorcraft and does not specify specific designs or design methods for such certification
Efficient brain strain estimation is critical for routine application of a head injury model. Lately, a convolutional neural network (CNN) has been successfully developed to estimate spatially detailed brain strains instantly and accurately in contact sports. Here, we extend its application to automotive head impacts, where impact profiles are typically more complex with longer durations. Head impact kinematics (N=458) from two public databases were used to generate augmented impacts (N=2694). They were simulated using the anisotropic Worcester Head Injury Model (WHIM) V1.0, which provided baseline elementwise peak maximum principal strain (MPS). For each augmented impact, rotational velocity (vrot) and the corresponding rotational acceleration (arot) profiles were concatenated as static images to serve as CNN input. Three training strategies were evaluated: 1) “baseline”, using random initial weights; 2) “transfer learning”, using weight transfer from a previous CNN model trained on
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