Browse Topic: Durability

Items (3,264)
How engineers can ensure safety, reliability and quality in aerospace systems. Courbevoie, Île-de-France In an industry where failure is not an option and precision is paramount, aerospace manufacturers and suppliers are constantly seeking components and system solutions that deliver trusted reliability, performance, and compliance. Industry standards are a key part of achieving these high expectations, bringing together global leaders in the mobility industries to create defined, repeatable methods and consistent processes. One of these aerospace standards is AS1895 developed by SAE International - a critical standard due to the need for durable components that can withstand extreme conditions and offer high performance: high-temperature resistance, pressure sealing, and long service life with a cost-effective installation method. Leading aerospace companies such as Eaton and Honeywell have been manufacturing components that meet this standard for a long period of time.
This study focuses on improving the durability of steel wheel rims subjected to Multiple Pothole which is commonly found in Indian village roads — a critical scenario affecting vehicle safety and wheel lifespan. Initial steel wheel designs often face significant deformation or failure under repeated strikes and resulting in tyre air loss due to wheel bend, prompting the need for enhanced performance standards. In this research, a combination of finite element modelling, experimental impact testing, and material optimization strategies were employed to assess and improve the structural integrity of steel rims. Key parameters such as rim profile geometry & material composition were systematically varied to evaluate their influence on impact resistance. Results demonstrate that strategic design modifications and material enhancements can significantly increase the rim's ability to absorb energy and resist bending without substantial weight penalties. The findings offer practical
DEsigan, LakshmipathyP, PraveenK, ChandramohanC, Santhosh
Automobile frames, particularly trellis frame structures, are engineered for superior dynamic performance, with stiffness being a paramount consideration1. These frames frequently utilize welded tubes, a manufacturing process made more complex by the necessity of bending tubes to precise angles to meet packaging and assembly requirements2. This bending, however, induces residual stresses that can substantially compromise the frame's durability3. This investigation employs a detailed finite element simulation to analyse the structural deformation and residual stresses that arise during the bending of Cold Electric Welded (CEW) annealed round pipes4. A comprehensive 3D mechanical model, incorporating realistic tooling and contact interactions, was developed to accurately simulate shape change, ovality, and wall thickness redistribution during the bending process5. CEW pipes, unlike their Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) counterparts, possess minimal initial forming stresses, and the
Rajwani, IshwarKhare, Saharash
In automotive suspension systems, components like bump stoppers and jounce bumpers play critical roles in controlling suspension travel and enhancing ride comfort. Material selection for these components is driven by functional demands and performance criteria. Traditionally, Natural rubber (NR) has traditionally been favored for bump stopper applications due to its excellent vibration absorption, tear resistance, cost-effectiveness, and biodegradability. However, in more demanding environments, it has been largely replaced by microcellular polyurethane (PU) elastomers, which offer superior durability, environmental resistance, and enhanced noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) performance. This study revisits NR with the goal of re-establishing its viability by enhancing its performance to match or surpass that of PU. Through compound optimization and advanced material processing techniques, significant improvements have been achieved in NR’s mechanical strength, compression set
Murugesan, AnnarajanHingalaje, AbhijeetPerumal, MathavanPawar, Rohit
Quality of the Shear Trimmed edge of HSLA 550 steels is significantly affected by process variations such as Shear Trimming Clearance, trim tolerance, burr height and clamping force. All these parameters largely influence the characteristics of the Shear Affected Zone, a region on sheet metal where it undergoes deformation during the trimming process. The Shear Affected Zone is predominantly vulnerable to failure due to work hardening and the effects of strain rate, induced by the tonnage during the trimming operation. To assess the edge ductility of these materials, Tensile, Fatigue Strength, Die Punch Clearance, Roughness and Hardness Tests are carried out. These tests are crucial for applications that demand high formability and resistance to edge failure. Virtual simulation of edge trimming operation using elastoplastic material models in LS-Dyna have been performed to gain insights into burr formation and damage evolution during shearing. These simulations act as a precursor to
Thota, Badri VishalKashyap, AmitBhuvangiri, Jaydev
The tailgate, as the rearmost vehicle opening, plays a pivotal role in defining the rear aesthetic theme while ensuring structural durability and maximizing luggage space. Contemporary automotive design trends highlight an increasing demand for Full width tailgate-mounted tail lamp configurations, which deliver a bold and dynamic visual appeal. Enhanced by animated lighting features, these designs cater to the preferences of Gen Z customers, becoming a decisive factor in purchasing decisions. However, integrating these complex tail lamp structures introduces significant engineering challenges, including increased X-dimension lamp volume, thereby providing reduced design space, and intricate mounting schemes constrained by panel stamping limitations. These factors necessitate the development of innovative joinery strategies and structural definitions to maintain durability targets, including achieving 25,000–30,000 slam cycles without failure, while preserving luggage space. This paper
Beryl, JoshuaMohanty, AbhinabUnadkat, SiddharthSelvan, Veera
In today’s market, faster product development without compromising durability is essential. Durability assessment ensures a vehicle maintains structural integrity under normal and extreme conditions. Achieving this requires effective Road Load Data Acquisition, integrated with robust design practices and efficient validation processes. However, physical RLDA is time-consuming and costly, as it depends on prototype vehicles that are often available only in the later development stages. Failures identified during these late-stage tests can delay the product launch significantly. This study presents a full digital methodology of fatigue life estimation for suspension aggregates. A study has been demonstrated on Rear Twist Beam component of rear suspension. The approach integrates the digital RLDA methodology presented in literature and finite element analysis simulation process, enabling durability assessments entirely within the virtual domain. This approach demonstrates how digital RLDA
Kokare, SanjayDwivedi, SushilSiddiqui, ArshadIqbal, Shoaib
With increased deterioration of road conditions worldwide, automotive OEMs face significant challenges in ensuring the durability of structural components. The tyre being the primary point of contact with the road is expected to endure harshest of impacts while maintaining the other performance functions such as Ride & Handling, Rolling resistance, Braking. Thus, it is considered as the most challenging component in terms of design optimization for durability. The current development method relies on physical testing of initial samples, followed by iterative construction changes to meet durability requirements, often giving trade-off in Ride & Handling performance. To overcome these challenges, a frugal simulation-based methodology has been developed for predicting tyre curb impact durability before vehicle-level testing so that corrective action can be taken during the design stage.
Sundaramoorthy, RagasruobanLenka, Visweswara
This study addresses the challenge of ensuring the durability of closed couple exhaust manifolds in the compact engine bays of modern vehicles, focusing on a longitudinally mounted 1.2L 4-cylinder engine. The original sheet metal Exhaust manifold design failed the thermal fatigue bench durability test, requiring a complete redesign to improve strength without changing materials. Initial simulation predictions significantly deviated from physical test results, with repeated cracks observed during accelerated thermal fatigue bench testing, despite simulations predicting a higher number of cycles before failure. This difference highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of the manifold's failure modes, primarily thermal fatigue, and mechanical vibration during engine transients. The design of experiment (DOE) approach was used to find the effect of different parameters e.g., gas temperature, surface temperature, air flow, thermal gradient, on the durability result & also to
Krishnan, K.S.GopalaMishra, AshutoshYadav, Sanjay KumarKumar, DeepakTripathi, ManasKumar, Prabhakar
In the area of structural durability testing using servo hydraulic actuators, developing drive files for the actuators is a major step. Testing outcomes depend on ensuring the simulation accuracy of each drive file. These drive files are developed in an iterative process for different test track surfaces at different road and load combinations till the time we achieved better correlation. Evaluation of simulation accuracy of the drive files is an extensive manual review process making it time-consuming and resource-intensive. To address this challenge, an application has been develop to automate the comparison of actuator signals with predefined target signal files. This tool enables quick and accurate analysis of each drive file in a test run facilitating a comprehensive review of signal deviations. Each test run is having thousands of drive files based on road-load mix and actuator settings. This application helped us in significantly optimizing the simulation workflow by reducing
Soni, YashKatake, VrishaliMullapudi, DattatreyuduChaskar, Mithun
The durability of wheel bearings is assessed in terms of raceway life and flange life. Raceway life focuses on the performance and damage tolerance of rolling elements, while flange life evaluates the structural integrity of wheel flanges under operational stresses. Traditionally, durability predictions relied on conventional design methods and analytic formulas for raceway spalling, as well as static load assumptions for flange fatigue analysis. Recently, integrating design of experiments (DOE) with traditional approaches has enhanced these methods, enabling systematic evaluation of design variables and loading conditions. This paper introduces a methodology for analyzing raceway life and damage in automotive wheel bearings using RLDA (Road Load Data Acquisition) data. The process involves acquiring raw deterministic load data, filtering it to preserve high-peaked signals, and transforming the filtered data into block cycles derived from load time histories. Each block cycle contains
Narendra, VishwanathMane, YogirajPaua, KetanSingh, Ram KrishnanVellandi, Vikraman
In the rapidly evolving and highly competitive automotive industry, manufacturers are under immense pressure to bring products to market quickly while meeting customer expectations. As a result, optimizing the product development timeline has become essential. Structural integrity analysis for chassis and suspension systems lies in the accurate acquisition of operational load spectra, conventionally executed through Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA) on instrumented vehicles subjected to proving ground excitation. At this point, RLDA is mainly used for final validation and fine-tuning. If any performance shortfalls, such as premature component failure or durability issues, are discovered, they often trigger design revisions, prototype rework, and additional testing. This study proposes a Virtual Road Load Data Acquisition (vRLDA) methodology employing a high-fidelity full-vehicle multibody dynamic (MBD) representation developed in Adams Car. The system is parameterized and uses high
Goli, Naga Aswani KumarPrasad, Tej Pratap
Durability validation of full vehicle structures is crucial to ensure long-term performance and structural integrity under real-world loading conditions. Physical test strain and finite element (FE) strain correlation is vital for accurate fatigue damage predictions. During torture track testing of the prototype vehicle, wheel center loads were measured using wheel force transducers (WFTs). In same prototype strain time histories were recorded at critical structural locations using strain gauges. Preliminary FE analysis was carried out to find out critical stress locations, which provided the basis for placement of strain gauges. Measured loads at wheel centers were then used in Multi Body Dynamics (MBD) simulations to calculate the loads at all suspension mount points on BIW. Using the loads at hard points transient analyses were performed to find out structural stress response. Strain outputs from the FE model were compared with physical measurements. Insights gained from these
Jaju, MayurDokhale, SandeepGadre, NileshPatil, Sanjay
Potholes pose significant challenges to road infrastructure and the automotive industry, leading to safety risks, vehicle damage, and increased maintenance costs. These road defects form due to water infiltration, freeze-thaw cycles, heavy traffic, and inadequate maintenance, creating localized depressions with well-defined edges that compromise pavement integrity. Their impact extends to vehicle durability, affecting tires, suspension systems, and chassis components. This study presents a standardized manual methodology for pothole characterization, focusing on geometry, depth, and distribution assessment. Unlike advanced techniques such as LiDAR and GPR, this cost-effective approach requires no specialized equipment, making it accessible and practical for real-world applications. The methodology involves profile measurements, lateral positioning analysis within the lane, and density calculation based on pothole concentration by square kilometers. To validate the methodology was
Arias, Caio BorgesDedini, Franco GiuseppeEckert, Jony Javorski
To delay the formation and development of local periodic fluctuations on the surface of rail structures and improve the durability of rail facilities, the dynamic response and wheel-rail interaction of rail structures were studied in depth based on frequency-modulated rail dampers (TRDs). A fully-coupled 3-D FE framework of the wheel–rail assembly, integrating frequency-modulated rail dampers (TRDs), was developed to quantify vibration energy dissipation. Simulated decay curves revealed a marked rise (> 50 %) in lateral damping efficiency within 600–1 000 Hz, confirming TRD’s targeted suppression of rail transverse motion. Then, the suppression effect of rail corrugation after TRD installation was tested, and the data collection was carried out in the test section to calculate the frequency of rail corrugation. It was found that the possibility of corrugation deterioration of the rail structure was greatly reduced after the installation of the rail damper, and the suppression effect of
Li, ChengshunLei, Zhenyu
The reliability and durability of vehicles are crucial for the acceptance of new technologies by customers. Realistic test methods are necessary to validate or ensure the lifespan of vehicles and their components, particularly regarding specific conditions such as freeze start. This article provides an overview of the current state of research on the effects of freeze starts on the degradation of fuel cells. With this knowledge, relevant operating and boundary conditions for potential damage of the fuel cell are identified (e.g. start temperature, duration in subzero operation, dehydration). The field data from the BMW demonstrator fleet of iX5 Hydrogen Next were analyzed to gain insights into realistic freeze start related stress to the fuel cells. The dynamics of heating rates and the influence of the operating strategy are best represented on a Fuel Cell System (FCS). An experimental setup for a stack centered test on a FCS was developed including a climatic chamber and a subzero
Schwarz, MarkusAlbert, AlbertEichel, Rüdiger-A.
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed an innovative new technique using carbon nanofibers to enhance binding in carbon fiber and other fiber-reinforced polymer composites — an advance likely to improve structural materials for automobiles, airplanes and other applications that require lightweight and strong materials.
A team of engineers has developed a low-cost, durable, highly-sensitive robotic ‘skin’ that can be added to robotic hands like a glove, enabling robots to detect information about their surroundings in a way that’s similar to humans.
Scientists have produced a new, powerful electricity-conducting material that could improve wearable technologies, including medical devices. The new technique uses hyaluronic acid applied directly to a gold-plated surface to create a thinner, more durable film, or polymer, used to conduct electricity in devices like biosensors. It could lead to major improvements in the function, cost, and usability of devices like touchscreens and wearable biosensors.
As mission-critical systems demand more processing power, real-time data movement, and multi-domain interoperability, rugged embedded systems are being transformed. Today's military and aerospace applications increasingly demand the merging of AI computing, enhanced sensor interfaces, and cybersecurity - all under harsh environmental conditions. At the heart of this evolution is the 3U OpenVPX form factor, a modular, compact, and ruggedized hardware standard and increasingly the SOSA aligned subset of the architecture. However, next-generation systems need to go further: supporting higher bandwidth, better thermal efficiency, improved security, while maintaining multi-vendor interoperability and long-term sustainability. We'll discuss some of today's enclosure solutions as well as emerging technologies.
This study provides an overview of the 5 kW Ruggedized Integrated Hybrid Generator System (RIHGS) developed by Enginuity Power Systems for the U.S. Army. Designed to replace three existing generator models (MEP-531A, MEP-831A, and RMP-1030A), the RIHGS features; variable-speed load following (1 to 5 kW output at 120/208V), multi-fuel capability (JP8 and Diesel #2), liquid-cooled permanent magnet motor, silicon-carbide power electronics with a bidirectional inverter, software-based controls for efficient operation, thermal management-focused enclosure design. Experimental results confirm the system maintains normal operating temperatures at full power. When using JP8 fuel, engine performance remained stable at 3000 RPM and matched Diesel #2, though fuel economy declined at lower speeds. Compared to the RMP-1030A, the RIHGS improved fuel efficiency by 4.6% on a weighted load factor. Additionally, it demonstrated fast transient load responses (<1 sec) when stepping up from 1 to 5 kW. This
Zoldak, PhilipSchimmels, PhilippHarman, AndrewBrooks, IanDeMaggio, PhillipRosenberger, Kelly
In order to predict the durability characteristics of the brake judder, it is determined by analyzing the brake DTV (Disc Thickness Variation) and BTV(Brake Torque Variation) through the durability evaluation of the brake system or the vehicle. However, this method requires the real products and takes a long time to derive the result. When judder problems occur due to durability, there are many difficulties in deriving improvement plans through test methods. Therefore, in this study, CAE was used to derive the initial wear amount of the disc, and a method of predicting DTV after durability was developed using the results.
Hwang, JaekeunKim, SunghoKim, JeongkyuKang, Donghoon
Engineers at the University of California San Diego have achieved a long-sought milestone in photonics: creating tiny optical devices that are both highly sensitive and durable — two qualities that have long been considered fundamentally incompatible.
A fiber sensor inspired by the shape of DNA, developed by researchers at Shinshu University, introduces a new design for more durable, flexible fiber sensors in wearables. Traditional fiber sensors have electrodes at both ends, which often fail under repeated movement when placed on body joints. The proposed double-helical design, however, places both electrodes on one end, allowing the sensor to endure repeated stretching and movement, effectively addressing a key limitation of conventional wearable sensors.
Army and academic researchers have created stronger, more durable copper that could advance military systems. U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD U.S. Army researchers, in collaboration with academic partners, invented a stronger copper that could help advance defense, energy and aerospace industries thanks to its ability to endure unprecedented temperature and pressure extremes. Extreme materials experts at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Army Research Laboratory built on a decade of scientific success to develop a new way to create alloys that enable Army-relevant properties that were previously unachievable. An alloy is a combination of a metal with other metals or nonmetals. Along with researchers at Arizona State University, Lehigh University and Louisiana State University, ARL produced a nanocrystalline copper-tantalum-lithium alloy that can conduct electricity and heat like copper while
How to strike a balance between cable performance and resilience. In aerospace and defense applications, cables hold vast mechanical responsibility. Quietly operating in the background, they are expected to successfully transmit signals and data in some of Earth's harshest conditions, needing to withstand extreme winds, temperatures and vibrations. The main challenge lies in achieving the optimal balance between cable performance and rugged resilience. Here, Jeff Wood, from mil-spec cable specialist WireMasters, explains the importance of both performance and resilience in wiring solutions for aviation and military, and how to find a middle ground that best fits the application. Often, a successful cable design is associated with its speed or bandwidth. While both qualities contribute towards high cable performance, durability can consequently be overlooked. However, a resilient cable provides longevity, ruggedness and reliability, which are crucial to aerospace and military
The continuous improvement of validation methodologies for mobility industry components is essential to ensure vehicle quality, safety, and performance. In the context of mechanical suspensions, leaf springs play a crucial role in vehicle dynamics, comfort, and durability. Material validation is based on steel production data, complemented by laboratory analyses such as tensile testing, hardness measurements, metallography, and residual stress analysis, ensuring that mechanical properties meet fatigue resistance requirements and expected durability. For performance evaluation, fatigue tests are conducted under vertical loads, with the possibility of including "windup" simulations when necessary. To enhance correlation accuracy, original suspension components are used during testing, allowing for a more precise validation of the entire system. Additionally, dynamic stiffness measurements provide valuable input for vehicle dynamics and suspension geometry analysis software, aiding in
Zahn, André N.Graebin, MatheusMalacarne, RodrigoToniolo, Juliano C.
U.S. Army researchers, in collaboration with academic partners, invented a stronger copper that could help advance defense, energy and aerospace industries thanks to its ability to endure unprecedented temperature and pressure extremes. Extreme materials experts at the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Army Research Laboratory built on a decade of scientific success to develop a new way to create alloys that enable Army-relevant properties that were previously unachievable. An alloy is a combination of a metal with other metals or nonmetals.
Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed an innovative new technique using carbon nanofibers to enhance binding in carbon fiber and other fiber-reinforced polymer composites — an advance likely to improve structural materials for automobiles, airplanes and other applications that require lightweight and strong materials.
Solar panels are composed of dozens of solar cells, which are usually made of silicon. While silicon is the standard, producing and processing it is energy-intensive, making it costly to build new solar panel manufacturing facilities. Most of the world’s solar cells are made in China, which has an abundance of silicon. To increase solar cell production in the U.S., a new, easily produced domestic material is needed. “We’re developing technologies that we can easily produce without spending a ton of money on expensive equipment,” said Juan-Pablo Correa-Baena, an Associate Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering.
ACT Expo 2025 had a fleet of new commercial vehicle launches as well as displays for models already on the market. One such existing chassis was the Workhorse W56, an electric step van designed for Class 5/6 last-mile delivery. Unlike many of its competitors, Workhorse did not set out to be a technological leader with the W56. Rather, the company took the approach of leveraging the best of the currently available and applicable technologies to produce a durable, reliable and producible product that just happened to be powered by electrons.
Wolfe, Matt
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to give information to engineers and designers in order that access to a passenger handgrip, when used, is easily obtained, and that such handgrips offer maximum safety for a person at least as large as a 95th percentile adult male during snowmobile operation.
Snowmobile Technical Committee
Boston Scientific entered 2025 with significant momentum. Fresh off a standout first quarter, the company’s leadership has outlined a compelling vision for sustainable long-term growth rooted in high-performing cardiology franchises, operational precision, and disruptive technologies in electrophysiology (EP). Leaders spoke at a recent Bank of America Healthcare Conference. The discussion marked outgoing CFO Dan Brennan’s final investor presentation and underscored Boston Scientific’s transformation into one of medtech’s most durable growth stories.
Friction stir surfacing is an advance surface modification technique, which is functionally evolved from the friction stir welding process. However, the fundamental reason behind the joining of Al/steel is difficult due to the formation of hard and brittle intermetallic compounds (IMC). To address the problem of IMC formation, the current study suggested an alternate production technique with solid-state friction surfacing deposition. In this work, the adhesion mechanism and metallurgical properties of solution-treated AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy cladding over a low-carbon steel IS2062 substrate were investigated. Impact procedural factors (axial frictional force, spindle speed, table traverse speed, consumable rod diameter, and substrate roughness) were examined. Push-off and hardness tests were used to inspect the mechanical properties of cladded samples. 67–77± HV hardness is observed at the interface of the cladded cross-section. A push-off strength of 9 kN was achieved, indicating
Badheka, Kedar HiteshkumarSharma, Daulat KumarBadheka, Vishvesh
For the team at SmartCap, building top-notch gear for outdoor adventurers isn’t just a business — it’s a passion driven by their own love for the wild. But as demand for their rugged, modular truck caps soared after their move to North America in 2022, they hit a snag: How do you ramp up production without sacrificing the meticulous quality you are known for, all while navigating a tough labor market? Their answer? A bold step into the world of intelligent automation, teaming up with GrayMatter Robotics, and employing the company’s innovative Scan&Sand™ system.
Tires have a significant impact on vehicle road noise. The noise in 80~160Hz is easily felt when driving on rough roads and has a great relationship with the tire structural design. How to improve the problem through tire simulation has become an important issue. Therefore, this paper puts forward the concept of virtual tire tuning to optimize the noise. An appropriate tire model is crucial for road noise performance, and the CDtire (Comfort and Durability Tire) model was used in the article. After conducting experimental validation to get an accurate tire model, adjust the parameters and structure of the tire model to generate alternative model scenarios. The transfer function of the tire center was analyzed and set as the evaluation condition for tire NVH (Noise, vibration, and harshness) performance. This enabled a comparison among various model scenarios to identify the best-performing tire scenario in focused frequency whose transfer function needed to be lowest. Manufacture the
Zhang, BenYu Sr, JingChen, QimiaoLiu, XianchenGu, Perry
This paper addresses the need for improved material selection in parcel shelves, a key component in passenger vehicles used to conceal the trunk area. The focus is on weight optimization, structural integrity, and perceived quality improvement using sustainable and ultra-lightweight composite materials. Traditional materials such as PET Woodstock, while durable, contribute significantly to vehicle weight, which is a drawback in the context of electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed composite material alternatives offer a high strength-to-weight ratio and have been shown to improve the load vs. deflection ratio, enhance aesthetics, and reduce manufacturing complexity and costs. This study outlines the testing and evaluation process of varying GSM and thicknesses of composite materials, demonstrating superior stiffness, reduced deflection under load, and enhanced ease of assembly. This work contributes to the ongoing efforts to achieve lightweighting, cost efficiency, and sustainability in
Kinthala, Nareen KumarPatnaik, MangaKhandelwal, MohitKakani, Phani KumarPalaniappan, Elavarasan
The half vehicle spindle-coupled multi-axial input durability test has been broadly used in the laboratory to evaluate the fatigue performance of the vehicle chassis systems by automotive suppliers and OEMs. In the lab, the front or rear axle assembly is usually held by fixtures at the interfaces where it originally connects to the vehicle body. The fixture stiffness is vital for the laboratory test to best replicate the durability test in the field at a full vehicle level especially when the subframe of the front or rear axle is hard mounted to the vehicle body. In this work, a multi-flexible body dynamics (MFBD) model in Adams/Car was utilized to simulate a full vehicle field test over various road events (rough road, braking, steering). The wheel center loads were then used as inputs for the spindle coupled simulations of the front axle with a non-isolated subframe. Three types of fixtures including trimmed vehicle body, a rigid fixture with softer connections and a rigid fixture
Gao, JianghuaSmith, DerekZhang, XinYu, Xiao
In automotive engineering, seam welds are frequently used to join or connect various parts of structures, frames, cradles, chassis, suspension components, and body. These welds usually form the weaker material link for durability and impact loads, which are measured by lab-controlled durability and crash tests, as well as real-world vehicle longevity. Consequently, designing robust welded components while optimizing for material performance is often prioritized as engineering challenge. The position, dimensions, material, manufacturing variation, and defects all affect the weld quality, stiffness, durability, impact, and crash performance. In this paper, the authors present best practices based on studies over many years, a rapid approach for optimizing welds, especially seam welds, by adopting Design For Six Sigma (DFSS) IDDOV (Identify, Define, Develop, Optimization, and Verification) discrete optimization approach. We will present the case testimony to show the approach throughout
Qin, WenxinLi, FanPohl, Kevin J.Pentapati, Venkat
In the ongoing Road Load Data Acquisition (RLDA) for engine mounts, a load cell arrangement is being utilized, where the load cell must be placed between the mount arm and an engine mount bracket or an additional tower bracket. This configuration required the design of a custom mount arm with a crank in the Z direction, secured with a single bolt to accommodate the load cell. However, this method has revealed significant load coupling in the X and Z directions, resulting in incorrect load prediction for engine mount testing. This happens due to the architectural packaging of the engine mount on the long member to meet NVH requirements. To mitigate these issues, an alternative strain gauge-based RLDA approach was investigated. The optimal locations for strain gauge placement were determined using the inverse matrix method with the assistance of Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) analysis. Strain gauges were then installed at these identified locations on the mount arm. The engine mount
Hazra, SandipKhan, ArkadipMohare, Gourishkumar
This paper reviews the current situation in the terms and definitions that influence the development of testing and prediction in automotive, aerospace and other areas of engineering. The accuracy of these terms and definitions is very important for correct simulation, testing and prediction. This paper aims to define accurate terms and definitions. It also includes the author’s recommendations for improving this situation and preparing new standards.
Klyatis, Lev
Aerospace and defense system designers are demanding scalable and high-performance I/O solutions. While traditional mezzanine standards have proven reliable, they often fall short of meeting modern bandwidth, size, and flexibility requirements. This challenge is particularly evident in aerospace and defense applications where high-speed data processing must align with stringent size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints. Current mezzanine solutions also face significant limitations in scalability, thermal management, and I/O density. These constraints can lead to compromised system performance and limited upgrade paths in applications where adaptability is crucial. This article explores how the new VITA 93 (QMC) standard addresses these challenges through its innovative QMC architecture, enabling unprecedented flexibility, scalability, and rugged reliability while maintaining compatibility with existing and future systems. It also covers how VITA 93 (QMC) builds on lessons learned from
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