A lightweight high-pressure hose assembly consists of hose made with fabric braids and PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) tube crimped with metallic fittings. These hose assemblies are mainly used for aircraft landing gear application considering its high-pressure sustenance and better flexibility. The proposed study investigates the effect of thermo-mechanical stresses generated during cyclic soaking and flexibility testing at thermostatic subzero (-65°F) and high temperature (+275°F) on performance of high pressure- fabric braided hose assembly. This effect was further studied through hose tear-down to investigate the hose layer degradation and focused changes in inner PTFE tube. With an incremental exposure to cyclic temperature environment, a linear growth was observed for the micropores within PTFE

Neve, Abhilash, Patil, Sandip

Wheel Drive Unit Lift Corrections in Automotive Wind Tunnels

2024-01-2544

04/09/2024

Correct simulations of rotating wheels are essential for accurate aerodynamic investigations of passenger vehicles. Therefore, modern automotive wind tunnels are equipped with five-belt moving ground systems with wheel drive units (WDUs) connected to the underfloor balance. The pressure distribution on the exposed areas of the WDU belts results in undesired lift forces being measured which must be considered to obtain accurate lift values for the vehicle. This work investigates the parasitic WDU lift for various configurations of a crossover SUV using numerical simulations that have been correlated to wind tunnel data. Several parameters were considered in the investigation, such as WDU size, WDU placement, tyre variants and vehicle configurations. The results show that the parasitic lift is more sensitive to the width than the length of the WDU. However, the belt length is also important to consider, especially if the wheel cannot be placed centred. Varying the tyre pattern changes

Josefsson, Erik, Urquhart, Magnus, Sebben, Simone

Estimation of Poroelastic Material Properties of Noise Control Treatments Using Model Order Reduction

2024-01-2336

04/09/2024

Noise reduction is generally accomplished by applying appropriate noise control treatments at strategic locations. Noise control treatments consisting of poroelastic materials in layers are extensively used in noise control products. Sound propagation through poroelastic materials is governed by macroscopic material and geometric properties. Thus, a knowledge of material properties is important to improve the acoustical performance of the resulting noise control products. Since the direct measurement of these properties is cumbersome, these have been usually estimated indirectly from easily measurable acoustic performance metrics such as normal incidence sound transmission and/or absorption coefficient, measured using readily available impedance tube. The existing inverse characterization approaches fulfilled the estimation by curve fitting measured and predicted acoustic models. In this paper, in addition to the use of diffuse field performance metrics, a data driven machine learning

Raveendra, Chris, Salvekar, Pinak, Raveendra, Ravi

Dynamic Simulation of Steering Crimp Ring Assembly Process Using CAE and Its Correlation with Testing

2024-01-2733

04/09/2024

The process of assembling the bearing and crimp ring to the steering pinion shaft is intricate. The bearing is pressed into its position via the crimp ring, which is tipped inward and fully fitted into a groove on the pinion shaft. Only when the bearing is pressed to a low surface on the pinion shaft, the caulking force for the crimp ring is achieved. The final caulking distance for the crimp ring confirms the proper bearing position. Simulating this transient fitting process using CAE is a challenging topic. Key factors include controlling applied force, defining contact between bearing and pinion surface, and defining contact between crimp ring and bearing surface from full close to half open transition. The overall CAE process is validated through correlation with testing

Song, Gavin, Vlademar, Michael, Venugopal, Narayana

Electroimpact Automatic Fan Cowl Riveter

2024-01-1922

03/05/2024

The Electroimpact Automatic Fan Cowl Riveter exhibits new and unique design features and automated process capabilities that address and overcome three primary technical challenges. The first challenge is satisfying the customer-driven requirement to access the entire fastening area of the fan cowl doors. This necessitates a unique machine design which is capable of fitting ‘inside’ a fan cowl door radius. The second challenge is determining drill geometry and drill process parameters which can produce consistent and high-quality countersunk holes in varying mixed-metal stack-up combinations consisting of aluminum, titanium, and stainless steel. The third challenge is providing the capability of fully automatic wet installation of hollow-ended titanium rivets. This requires an IML-side countersinking operation, depositing sealant throughout the OML and IML countersinks and the hole, automatically feeding and inserting a rivet which is only 5mm long and 6mm in head diameter and flaring

Merluzzi, James, Schultz, Rich, Ernsdorff, Bryan, Peterman, Randy, Luker, Zachary, Stansbury, Erin, Murakonda, Sai Krishna

Implementation of Long Assembly Drills for 777X Flap Carriers

2024-01-192303/05/2024

Large diameter, tightly toleranced fastener patterns are commonplace in aerospace structures. Satisfactory generation of these holes is often challenging and can be further complicated by difficult or obstructed access. Bespoke tooling and drill jigs are typically used in conjunction with power feed units leading to a manual, inflexible, and expensive manufacturing process. For 777X flap production, Boeing and Electroimpact collaborated to create a novel, automated solution to generate the fastener holes for the main carrier fitting attachment pattern. Existing robotic automation used for skin to substructure assembly was modified to utilize extended length (up to 635mm), bearing-supported drill bar sub-assemblies. These Long Assembly Drills (LADs) had to be easily attached and detached by one operator, interface with the existing spindle(s), supply cutting lubricant, extract swarf on demand, and include a means for automatically locating datum features. Additional enhancements were

Kuldell, Kip, DeVlieg, Russell

BOLT, CLUSTER FITTING, DOUBLE PORT FLARELESS

AS21940B (Current)

03/01/2024

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Metallic Connections for Fluid Power and General Use - Part 1: 37 Degree Flared Fittings

J514/1_202403 (Current)03/01/2024

This part of SAE J514 covers general and dimensional specifications for 37 degree flared tube fittings. Also included are 37 degree flared fittings with NPTF pipe threads in Appendix B. These fittings are intended for general application in hydraulic systems on industrial equipment and commercial products. These fittings are capable of providing leak-proof, full flow connections in hydraulic systems operating at working pressures as specified in Table 6. Since many factors influence the pressure at which a hydraulic system will or will not perform satisfactorily, the values shown in Table 6 should not be construed as a guaranteed minimum. For any application, it is recommended that sufficient testing be conducted and reviewed by both the user and fitting manufacturer to assure that performance levels will be safe and satisfactory

Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee

Automotive Pipe Fittings

J530_202402 (Current)

02/16/2024

This SAE Standard includes complete general and dimensional specifications for those types of pipe fittings commonly used in the automotive and other mass production industries where the use of lubricants or sealers is objectionable. The automotive pipe fittings shown in Figures 1 to 17 and Tables 1 to 6 are intended for general automotive and similar applications involving low or medium pressures or in conjunction with automotive tube fittings in piping systems

Air Brake Tubing and Tube Ftg Committee

FITTING END, LUBRICATION, HYDRAULIC – DESIGN STANDARD

AS15000B (Current)

01/16/2024

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

FITTING, REDUCER-EXTERNAL THREAD FLARED TUBE FOR SEAL RING

AS1368C (Current)

01/10/2024

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

FITTING, PLUG, FLARED TUBE, FOR SEAL RING

AS1369C (Current)

01/10/2024

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Coupling Assembly, Threadless, Flexible, Self-Locking, Fixed Cavity, High Conductivity, Self-Bonding, Part Specification

AS7510B (Current)

12/18/2023

This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the requirements for a threadless, flexible, high conductive, self-bonding coupling assembly which, when installed on defined ferrules, provides a flexible connection for joining ducting and components in pressurized fluid systems. The assembled coupling is designed to provide interchangeability of parts and components between qualified manufacturers for use from -65 to +265 °F at 130 psi nominal operating pressures and for the service life of the aircraft system. FAR 23.954, FAR 25.603, FAR 25.605, FAR 25.609, FAR 25.613, FAR 25.901, FAR 25.954, and FAR 25.981 certification requirements have identified the need for high-current capable flexible fluid assembled couplings. The coupling assembly does not require inspection or maintenance to remain current capable for the life of the aircraft. This specification provides two test philosophies necessary for low-pressure couplings: 1 Electromagnetic effects/lightning testing of assembled couplings to

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

FITTING, ELBOW, 45°, INTERNAL STRAIGHT THREAD PORT

AS5191C (Current)

12/13/2023

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Performance Requirements for SAE J844 Nonmetallic Air Brake Tubing and Push to Connect Fitting Assemblies Used in Vehicular Air Brake Systems

J2494/3_202312 (Current)12/07/2023

This SAE Standard is intended to establish uniform performance criteria and methods of testing push-to-connect tube fittings, with SAE J844 air brake tubing as used in vehicular air brake systems. The specific tests and performance criteria applicable to the tubing are set forth in SAE J844. The test values contained in this performance standard are for test purposes only. For environmental and usage limitations, refer to SAE J844

Air Brake Tubing and Tube Ftg Committee

FITTING ASSEMBLY, CROSS, REDUCER, BEAM SEAL, 3000/4000 PSI, FOUR FEMALE ENDS

AS85421/9B (Current)11/20/2023

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Torque Requirements, Installation and Qualification Test, Hose and Tube Fitting

ARP908D (Current)

11/16/2023

This Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) is intended to establish recommended installation torque value limits and test criteria for machined flared and flareless hose and tube end fitting connections. Assembly of bite-type MS21922 flareless sleeves is not included in this ARP (see MIL-F-18280). This ARP is applicable to two types of connections and two basic material classifications

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Procedure for Determining Thrust Wire Lengths and Minimum Insertion Depths

ARP4988A (Current)

11/16/2023

The scope of this ARP is to define methods of determining wire lengths and minimum insertion depths of thrust wires used for retaining components together

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

Fluid Fittings - Jump Size Limitations

ARP5102A (Current)

11/16/2023

For tube fitting standards with reduction/expansion, to provide precautions against the use of large changes in tube size

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

FITTING, ADAPTER, EXTERNAL THREAD FLARELESS TO INTEGRAL WELD RING, 3000 PSI

AS1582H (Current)

11/15/2023

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

CAP, PRESSURE SEAL, FLARELESS TUBE FITTING

AS21914E (Current)

11/10/2023

G-3, Aerospace Couplings, Fittings, Hose, Tubing Assemblies

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