Browse Topic: Smart materials

Items (389)
ABSTRACT Thermal management systems (TMS) of armored ground vehicle designs are often incapable of sustained heat rejection during high tractive effort conditions and ambient conditions. The use of a latent heat energy storage system that utilizes Phase Change Materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and offers key advantages such as high-energy storage density, high heat of fusion values, and greater stability in temperature control. Military vehicles frequently undergo high-transient thermal loads and often do not provide adequate cooling for powertrain subsystems. This work outlines an approach to temporarily store excess heat generated by the transmission during high tractive effort situations through use of a passive PCM retrofit thereby extending the operating time, reducing temperature transients, and limiting overheating. A numerical heat transfer model has been developed based around a conceptual vehicle transmission TMS. The model predicts the
Putrus, Johnathon P.Jones, Stanley T.Jawad, Badih A.Schihl, Peter
Researchers have now developed the first hydrogel implant designed for use in fallopian tubes. This innovation performs two functions: one is to act as a contraceptive, the other is to prevent the recipient from developing endometriosis in the first place or to halt the spread if they do
In order to modify both stiffness and damping rates according to various road conditions, this research introduces a pneumatic spring in conjunction with a magnetorheological (MR) fluid damper as a single suspension unit for each wheel in the truck. Preventing weight transfer and improving riding comfort during braking, acceleration, and trajectory prediction are the main objectives. A two-axle truck has been used, consisting of three degrees of freedom for the sprung mass, including vertical, pitch, and roll motions, and four degrees of freedom for the unsprung masses, which have been redesigned according to the different types of springs and dampers. Pneumatic-controlled springs, often referred to as dynamic or classic models, replace laminated leaf springs commonly found in vehicles. Additionally, an MR damper replaces a hydraulic double-acting telescopic shock absorber. These models are studied to evaluate the effect of pneumatic spring parameters on truck dynamics. Pneumatic
Shehata Gad, AhmedEl-Zomor, Haytham M.
University of Waterloo Chemical Engineering Researcher Dr. Elisabeth Prince teamed up with researchers from the University of Toronto and Duke University to design the synthetic material made using cellulose nanocrystals, which are derived from wood pulp. The material is engineered to replicate the fibrous nanostructures and properties of human tissues, thereby recreating its unique biomechanical properties
Researchers from North Carolina State University have demonstrated miniature soft hydraulic actuators that can be used to control the deformation and motion of soft robots that are less than a millimeter thick. The researchers have also demonstrated that this technique works with shape memory materials, allowing users to repeatedly lock the soft robots into a desired shape and return to the original shape as needed
A new approach has allowed researchers at Aalto University to design a kind of metamaterial that has so far been beyond the reach of existing technologies. Unlike natural materials, metamaterials and metasurfaces can be tailored to have specific electromagnetic properties, which means scientists can create materials with features desirable for industrial applications
The powertrain system plays a crucial role in electric vehicles, exerting significant impact on both the dynamic and economic performances. A breakthrough has been observed by using the dual-motor powertrain system, which outperformed its single-motor counterparts. This study reports a dual-motor powertrain with magnetorheological technology. The powertrain consists of two motors, two magnetorheological brakes and a planetary gear set. Via regulating the brakes, the power transmission flow can be controlled to realise different torque ratios and velocities. The synergetic control of motors and brakes is capable of achieving smooth gear shifting without interruption. This paper details the design of the powertrain system: the structural configuration of the magnetorheological brakes is highlighted, the magnetic field distribution of the brakes under different currents is simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics, and the torque capacities of the brake are also calculated. Future work will focus
Deng, LeiZhao, JinNing, DonghongWong, PakZhao, JingLi, WeihuaDu, Haiping
Researchers at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) have created software and hardware for a 4D printer with applications in the biomedical field. In addition to 3D printing, this machine allows for controlling extra functions: programming the material’s response so that shape-changing occurs under external magnetic field, or changes in its electric properties develops under mechanical deformation
A new washable wireless smart textile technology has potential uses in virtual reality and American Sign Language
Sustainable manufacturing, a term that has been used in the recent past on numerous occasions. A primary reason for it being in limelight, is that it does not cause any damage to the environment and also to the personal involved. Additionally, another important parameter of concern is the energy consumed during the machining process. One major reason for higher energy consumption is because of the presence of tool vibration. There have been several attempts made to reduce vibration and though they have been proved to be effective, they could be not classified under sustainable manufacturing. When used as a semi-active damper in metal cutting, magnetorheological fluid (MRF) has proven to be successful in vibration suppression. MRF is an intelligent non-Newtonian fluid that can change its viscosity instantly when a magnetic field is applied to it. They've utilised it as a damper in a number of areas because of this quality and its toughness. One significant drawback is the settling of
Ajay Vasanth, X.Sam Paul, P.Lawrance, G.Rajkumar, V.Senthilkumar, K.
The prospective generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can attempt to eliminate conventional primary control surfaces, thereby seeking to enhance operational efficiency. This endeavor constitutes an experimental manifestation of morphing principles utilizing Shape Memory Alloy (SMA), specifically Nitinol, to actuate control surfaces through a meticulously orchestrated application of power cycles at diverse frequencies. The integration of Morphing Technology has garnered heightened attention within the aviation industry, owing to its capacity to augment efficiency and performance across a spectrum of flight conditions. The intrinsic appeal of morphing lies in its potential to dynamically alter wing geometry during flight, thereby optimizing fuel efficiency and mitigating environmental impact through diminished carbon emissions resulting from reduced drag. This, in turn, necessitates reduced thrust to achieve similar or same performance levels. The pivotal material employed for
Kumar, DineshShankar, GowriAntony, AjinVinayachandran, VarunThomas, Nithin
A single strand of fiber has the flexibility of cotton and the electric conductivity of a polymer, called polyaniline. The newly developed material showed good potential for wearable e-textiles. Researchers tested the fibers with a system that powered an LED light and another that sensed ammonia gas
This work aims to develop potential super hydrophilic cross-linked smart polymer composites and condensation management device (CMD) for condensation control in automotive headlamps. Condensation and moisture buildup in the automotive headlamp decrease the visibility to the driver. The super hydrophilic cross-linked polymer composites were prepared with the combination of polyacrylamide-based hydrogels and hygroscopic lithium bromide desiccants. In this work, we have utilized various desiccants such as calcium chloride (Desiccant-1), silica gel (Desiccant-2) and lithium bromide (Desiccant-3) which is blended together with the polyacrylamide-based hydrogel. The prepared various compositional smart materials have been analyzed for structural, morphological, thermal and functional properties using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and water
Chandkoti, IkhlasNaikwadi, AmolMali, Manoj
Imagine a concrete surface that, if cracked or in need of repairs, can “heal” itself. Well, that’s exactly what a team at Drexel University in Philadelphia has engineered with BioFiber — a polymer fiber encased in a bacteria-laden hydrogel and a protective, damage-responsive shell with the entire assembly a little over a half-millimeter thick
Researchers at the EPFL have achieved a breakthrough in the treatment of tracheomalacia, a condition characterized by weak tracheal cartilage and muscles that normally keep the airway open for proper breathing. The team, composed of EPFL engineers and CHUV pediatric airway surgeons, has successfully developed a novel adhesive hydrogel patch that can effectively alleviate tracheomalacia, providing hope for improved treatment options for this challenging condition. The proof of concept was recently published in iScience
Using a new type of dual-polymer material capable of responding dynamically to its environment, researchers have developed a set of modular hydrogel components that could be useful in a variety of soft robotic and biomedical applications
Conventional magnetorheological dampers (CMRD) generate damping force through the flow of magnetorheological fluid in a narrow passage. However, due to the fixed geometry of the passage, the damping force is linearly proportional to the velocity. This structural limitation results in significant damping forces at high speeds, severely impacting the energy dissipation efficiency of the damper. This flaw poses a substantial threat to both occupants and mechanical structures. In response to this limitation, this research endeavors to engineer a novel impact-resistant MR damper (NMRD) by augmenting the traditional MR damper’s architecture with an innovative internal channel furnished with an embedded circular permanent magnet. During instances of high-velocity impacts, this specialized channel selectively opens to attenuate impact forces. This augmentation serves to significantly heighten the soft landing impact resistance of flying cars while concurrently enhancing passenger comfort. A
Jiang, LanGong, NingHu, TaoPan, LiYanSun, Shuaishuai
As an important way of energy saving and environmental protection, the lateral stability of straddle-type monorail vehicle (STMV) has attracted more and more attention. In order to solve this problem, a semi-active lateral control strategy of STMV dynamic model based on magnetorheological fluid damper is proposed. The inverse model of magnetorheological damper is constructed by neural network. An adaptive neural fuzzy algorithm for STMV dynamic model based on body acceleration and velocity feedback is designed, and its feasibility is verified by Kalman filter method. Through the simulation comparison of lateral acceleration and yaw angular acceleration, the control method has good measurement accuracy and can meet the needs of practical engineering measurement. It provides a method and basis for the stability and effectiveness of STMV swing semi-active control
Zhou, JunchaoHuang, ShangwuGao, Jianjie
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) have been proposed as novel optoelectronic materials for space applications due to their relatively light weight. MoS2 has been shown to have excellent semiconducting and photonic properties. Here, we report the effect of gamma irradiation on the structural and optical properties of a monolayer of MoS2. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material made of carbon by covalent bonds, where carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene has promising electronic and mechanical properties. There are many processes available for the formation of the graphene. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process for the formation of graphene over the metal surface is most compatible. Graphene is being investigated for its application in space electronics. In space, there are many irradiation particles and waves like x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles. Single
Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material made of carbon by covalent bonds, where carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene has promising electronic and mechanical properties. There are many processes available for the formation of the graphene. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process for the formation of graphene over the metal surface is most compatible. Graphene is being investigated for its application in space electronics. In space, there are many irradiation particles and waves like x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles. Single particle like neutron can create single event upset in electronic devices. Graphene can work as a radiation shielding material. Graphene-metal, graphene and epsilon near zero metamaterials structure can be used for electromagnetic wave absorbent
Drawing inspiration from how spiders spin silk to make webs, a team of researchers from the National University of Singapore, together with international collaborators, has developed an innovative method of producing soft fibers that possess three key properties (strong, stretchable, and electrically conductive), and at the same time can be easily reused to produce new fibers
Semiconductor chips, micropatterned surfaces, and electronics all rely on microprinting, the process of putting precise but minuscule patterns millionths to billionths of a meter wide onto surfaces to give them new properties. Traditionally, these tiny mazes of metals and other materials are printed on flat wafers of silicon. But as the possibilities for semiconductor chips and smart materials expand, these intricate, tiny patterns need to be printed on new, unconventional, non-flat surfaces
A new smart material developed by researchers at the University of Waterloo is activated by both heat and electricity, making it the first ever to respond to two different stimuli
This paper describes the feasibility of a de-icing device based on forced vibrations induced in an ice-covered rectangular aluminum plate using an amplified piezoelectric actuator. The removal of the ice layer is caused by the creation of mechanical stresses induced by relatively fast time-varying mode shapes in the very low kHz-range large enough to overcome the adhesion forces at the material/ice interface
Bolzmacher, ChristianLeroy, Edouard
The formation of ice can be very detrimental to flight safety, since the ice accumulated on the surfaces of the aircraft can alter both the aerodynamics and the weight, leading in some cases to catastrophic lift reductions. Traditional active Ice Protection Systems (IPS) require high energy to work, add on weight to the aircraft and complexity to the manufacturing. On the other hand, the use of passive IPS, such as superhydrophobic/icephobic coatings, cannot be successful in harsh environmental conditions or for prolongated icing expositions. So, a valuable solution could be the combination of active and passive IPS with the aim to combine the advantage of both of them and mitigate their drawbacks. In this context, the present work proposes two innovative Hybrid IPS, based on an ultrasound piezoelectric system and on a thermoelectric system manufactured using carbon fibers as heater elements, both combined with a superhydrophobic coating with the aim to study the effect of the surface
Piscitelli, FilomenaAmeduri, SalvatoreVolponi, RuggeroPellone, LorenzoDe Nicola, FeliceConcilio, AntonioAlbano, FlorianaElia, GianpaoloNotarnicola, Lorenzo
A new smart material developed by researchers at the University of Waterloo is activated by both heat and electricity, making it the first ever to respond to two different stimuli
To reduce the noise in the frequency range of 100Hz~1000Hz, a metamaterial structure composed of lightweight frame, hard membrane-like material and added mass is proposed in this paper. The advantage of this structure is that it is lightweight and the membrane-like material does not need to be stressed in advance. Finite element method (FEM) and experiment are used to investigate the sound transmission loss (STL) performance of the metamaterial structure. The results show that the peak STL is caused by the local resonance of the added mass and the membrane-like material. The valley versus frequency results from the resonance frequencies of metamaterial structure, and it is divided into three resonance frequencies: resonance frequencies from added mass, membrane-like material and frame. Frame resonance will influence vibration of membrane-like material, if the frequency of frame resonance is close to the frequency at peak STL, the frequency at peak STL will be changed and the amplitude
Yang, Xu-HaoKang, YingziXie, XinxingZhang, QuShangguan, Wen-Bin
An injectable biomaterial with significantly improved adhesive strength, stretchability, and toughness could enable improved surgical sealing. This chemically modified, gelatin-based hydrogel has attractive features, including rapid gelation at room temperature and tunable levels of adhesion. This custom-engineered biomaterial is ideal as a surgical wound sealant, with its controllable adhesion and injectability and its superior adherence to a variety of tissue and organ surfaces
Nowadays, research progress in smart material technology plays an important role in precision engineering industries to improve the quality of life. The development of natural materials using new treatment methods and accurate characterization technology in micr- and nano-scale have revealed thin layers from wood or carbon, such as Wood Carbon Sponge (WCS) along with discovery Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs). Therefore, it became clear that there is a big challenge to prove the strength and durability of WCS and CNTs as smart materials to reach innovative use. This paper summarizes the possibility of using advanced engineering and surface technologies to make the most of the natural and acquired potential of smart functional materials. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the smart thin layers materials add new features such as elasticity strength retention that can be useful in developing engineering metrology systems to improve their precision. In addition, certain types of wood
Ali, Amr Salah H.R.Ali, Salah H. R.
Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) technique has been developed and applied by numerous researchers as a very useful predictor for nonlinear systems. In this paper, non-parametric models have been investigated to predict the direct and inverse nonlinear dynamic behavior of magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers using ANFIS technique to demonstrate more accurate and efficient models. The direct ANFIS model can be used to predict the damping force of the MR fluid damper and the inverse dynamic ANFIS model can be used to offer a suitable command voltage applied to the damper coil. The architectures and the learning details of the direct and inverse ANFIS models for MR fluid dampers are introduced and simulation results are discussed. The suggested ANFIS models are used to predict the damping force of the MR fluid damper accurately and precisely. Moreover, validation results for the ANFIS models are proposed and used to evaluate their performance. Validation results with several
Abd Elwahed, AmrMetered, HassanMonieb, Hany
Magneto-Rheological (MR) Fluid started to be used for industrial applications in the last 20 years, and, from that moment on, innovative uses have been evaluated for different applications to exploit its characteristic of changing yield stress as a function of the magnetic field applied. Because of the complexity of the behavior of the MR fluid, it is necessary to perform lots of simulations, combining multi-physical software capable of evaluating all the material’s characteristics. The paper proposes a strategy capable of quickly verifying the feasibility of an innovative MR system, considering a sufficient accuracy of the approximation, able to easily verify the principal criticalities of the innovative applications concerning the MR fluid main electromagnetic and fluid-dynamic capabilities. The procedure follows the main steps: 1. design the solution (functionally related to the MR principles); 2. steady-state analyses (performed respectively with Altair Flux and Altair Acusolve
de Carvalho Pinheiro, HenriqueImberti, GiovanniCarello, Massimiliana
A team of UCLA engineers and their colleagues have developed a new design strategy and 3D-printing technique to build robots in one single step. The breakthrough enabled the entire mechanical and electronic systems needed to operate a robot to be manufactured all at once by a new type of 3D-printing process for engineered active materials with multiple functions (also known as metamaterials). Once 3D printed, a “meta-bot” will be capable of propulsion, movement, sensing, and decision-making
Innovators at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) have developed an Impact and Trajectory Detection System that is capable of determining the time and location of the projectiles impact as well as the trajectory of the projectile. The system can indicate the time and location of an impact and the trajectory of that projectile using piezoelectric polymer film and sensors
Smooth camber morphing aircraft offer increased control authority and improved aerodynamic efficiency. Smart material actuators have become a popular driving force for shape changes, capable of adhering to weight and size constraints and allowing for simplicity in mechanical design. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are growing in popularity for both civilian and military applications, which makes improving their efficiency and adaptability for various aerial environments an attractive objective. Many studies pursue this goal using morphing techniques that incorporate shape changes not typically seen in traditional aircraft. Due to weight and volume constraints consistent with smaller flight vehicles, smart materials, such as macro fiber composites (MFCs), have been used to achieve the desired shape changes. Macro fiber composites are low-profile piezoelectric actuators which have gained substantial attention within the morphing aircraft community
Uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are growing in popularity for both civilian and military applications, which makes improving their efficiency and adaptability for various aerial environments an attractive objective. Many studies pursue this goal using morphing techniques that incorporate shape changes not typically seen in traditional aircraft. Due to weight and volume constraints consistent with smaller flight vehicles, smart materials, such as macro fiber composites (MFCs), have been used to achieve the desired shape changes. Macro fiber composites are low-profile piezoelectric actuators which have gained substantial attention within the morphing aircraft community. Piezoelectric actuators operate by generating strain when voltage, and hence an electric field, is applied to the electrodes. Piezoelectric actuators are also well known for their capabilities to produce high force-output and a highspeed actuation response. Unlike traditional piezoelectric actuators, which are composed of
The objective of this work is to analyze the signal of a piezoelectric washer installed under the spark plug and to compare the combustion metrics evaluated with such signal to the indexes from a standard piezoelectric sensor for the in-cylinder pressure measurement, considered as the reference. In the first part of the article, the spectrum analysis of the piezoelectric washer pressure trace is proposed. It is demonstrated how such a signal can be used to measure the main combustion and knock indexes. Nevertheless, due to the intrinsic characteristics of the system, the knock index evaluated from the raw pressure trace cannot be directly used to estimate the instantaneous knock intensity. For this reason, a model-based algorithm for Real-Time (RT) application is developed to calculate a corrective factor of the high-frequency content of the signal. With such an algorithm, the logarithmic mean value of the Maximum Amplitude of Pressure Oscillation (MAPO) can be accurately evaluated
Brusa, AlessandroMecagni, JacopoCorti, EnricoSilvestri, Nicola
Researchers produced a soft, mechanical metamaterial that can “think” about how forces are applied to it and respond via programmed reactions. The metamaterials feature flexible, conductive polymer networks that can compute all digital logic computations. The process creates decision-making functionality in engineered materials in a way that could support future soft, autonomous engineered systems that are invested with the basic elements of lifeforms yet are programmed to perform helpful services. These include helping maintain sustainable and robust infrastructure, monitoring of airborne and waterborne contaminants and pathogens, and assisting with patient wound healing
This specification covers general requirements for the apparatus, material, and procedures to be used in the processing of magnesium base alloys for the purpose of increasing their corrosion resistance and by producing surfaces suitable for organic paint finish systems
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
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