Browse Topic: Resins
Master Bond EP40 is a two-part, room temperature curing epoxy for bonding, sealing, coating, and encapsulating. EP40 bonds well to a variety of substrates, including naval steel, the primary structural metal used in the shipbuilding industry. Master Bond Inc., Hackensack, NJ To reduce its environmental impact and pollution, the shipping industry is investigating methods to construct more lightweight ships. One potential method is using adhesive bonding techniques to replace traditional welding and riveted joints on ships to fabricate lighter ships with smaller carbon footprints. However, adhesives age and deteriorate when exposed to moisture, high temperatures, and ultraviolet light. This makes it necessary to understand how they age in maritime environments to determine whether they can truly replace traditional welding techniques. To this end, researchers at Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Navales e Industriales (CITENI) and Centro de Investigación TIC (CITIC) developed a new
This specification and part standard specifies polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin material and the dimensional requirements for scarf-cut retainers (backup rings) previously specified by MIL-R-8791 and MIL-R-8791/1. The retainers are intended for use in hydraulic and pneumatic system components as anti-extrusion devices in conjunction with seals and O-rings.
This specification establishes the requirements for a waterborne, corrosion-inhibiting, chemical- and solvent-resistant, anodic electrodeposition epoxy primer capable of curing at 200 to 210 °F (93 to 99 °C).
Stretch broken carbon fiber (SBCF) offers enhanced formability as compared to continuous carbon fiber (CCF). However, robust, quantitative evaluation of forming defects remains a challenge. This study introduces a unified formability index (UFI) that integrates multiple defect types, including texture anomalies, bridging, wrinkling, thickness variation, spring-back, and resin distribution variation (RDV), into a single weighted score. Each defect is ranked on a scale of 0-5 using normalized metrics with a tunable parameter, α, allowing users to balance defect magnitude and frequency as desired. The full scoring pipeline is demonstrated for texture defects using measured data, while normalized legacy scores from previous work are used for non-texture defects to enable complete formability index computation. Case studies on three laminates illustrate how variations in α affect both texture scoring and the overall formability index and demonstrate the geometry-agnostic nature of the
3D-printed microscopic particles, so small that to the naked eye they look like dust, have applications in drug and vaccine delivery, microelectronics, microfluidics, and abrasives for intricate manufacturing. However, the need for precise coordination between light delivery, stage movement, and resin properties makes scalable fabrication of such custom microscale particles challenging. Now, researchers at Stanford University have introduced a more efficient processing technique that can print up to 1 million highly detailed and customizable microscale particles a day.
Eight arguments for these resins, compounds and composites. Weight reduction in EV battery components is an important factor in optimizing battery energy density, which in turn is critical to extending vehicle range and boosting power and performance. Although traditional metals such as steel and aluminum are widely used in EV batteries, the ongoing push for higher energy density is opening new opportunities for thermoplastic resins, compounds, and composites. The main advantage of these materials vs. metals is their inherent lighter weight - particularly in the case of lower-density polymers. Thermoplastics can be 30-50 percent lighter than metals. They also increase design freedom, which permits further weight-out through part consolidation and thin walls.
Smaller than a coin, this optical device could enable rapid prototyping on the go. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA Imagine a portable 3D printer you could hold in the palm of your hand. The tiny device could enable a user to rapidly create customized, low-cost objects on the go, like a fastener to repair a wobbly bicycle wheel or a component for a critical medical operation. Researchers from MIT and the University of Texas at Austin took a major step toward making this idea a reality by demonstrating the first chip-based 3D printer. Their proof-of-concept device consists of a single, millimeter-scale photonic chip that emits reconfigurable beams of light into a well of resin that cures into a solid shape when light strikes it.
This work proposes an experimental and numerical activity aimed at developing methods to evaluate the strength and toughness of Kevlar/Epoxy composite fastened joints used in aeronautical structures and exposed to high energy impacts. Experiments were conducted using an Arcan rig that allowed applying various loading conditions, ranging from pull-through to bearing. A non-linear model of the material based on a bi-phasic decomposition and hybrid meshing technique was built and calibrated. The material model was used to develop a high-fidelity model of the junction to simulate the pull-through test with the Abaqus/Explicit finite element solver. The results of the analysis point out that the implemented progressive damage laws are capable of achieving an appreciable experimental-numerical correlation, both from the qualitative and the quantitative standpoint. Therefore, the combined experimental-numerical approach is promising for developing a validated numerical tool capable of
Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composite stiffened panels are increasingly being used for structural components in large transport rotorcraft. However, problems are arising with high levels of vibration and interior noise due to the increased stiffness-to-density ratio of composites. The current investigation explores the potential of reducing vibrations in carbon/epoxy stiffened panels with the integration of acoustic black holes (ABH), namely features that incorporate a power law thickness taper. The proposed approach involves designing a taper into the thickness of the blade stiffeners as well as the thin plate. Integration of ABHs into the fuselage structure has the potential to reduce broadband vibrations. Multiple parametric studies with either an ABH integrated into the blade stiffener or a grid of ABHs integrated into the plate were conducted, and the tradeoffs between vibration amplitudes, panel mass, and compressive buckling load were examined. Carbon/epoxy panels were
Thermoplastic composites are serious competitor for classic epoxy composites. They have comparable properties to epoxy composites, but characterize much lower processing costs. There are several methods of manufacturing the components from thermoplastic composites. One of the most interesting method in terms of efficiency is thermoforming on a press. This technology allows to product of the aircraft parts such as: ribs, brackets, covers, stiffeners. Thermoplastic composites are resistant to most solvents such as grease, oil and aviation fuel. They are also non-flammable and heat-resistant. This all makes them suitable for use in aircraft as upholstery, casing or elements around the tank. PZL Mielec has been developing press thermoforming technologies since 2016 and is the owner of the several patents in this area.
Recycling of advanced composites made from carbon fibers in epoxy resins is required for two primary reasons. First, the energy necessary to produce carbon fibers is very high and therefore reusing these fibers could greatly reduce the lifecycle energy of components which use them. Second, if the material is allowed to break down in the environment, it will contribute to the growing presence of microplastics and other synthetic pollutants. Currently, recycling and safe methods of disposal typically do not aim for full circularity, but rather separate fibers for successive downcycling while combusting the matrix in a clean burning process. Breakdown of the matrix, without damaging the carbon fibers, can be achieved by pyrolysis, fluidized bed processes, or chemical solvolysis. The major challenge is to align fibers into unidirectional tows of real value in high-performance composites.
Automobile parts often require materials that offer high strength and durability. With the continuous push for environmentally friendly solutions, natural fibers such as jute have emerged as a potential alternative for synthetic fibers in automobile components. In this study, we aim to enhance the properties of jute fibers by coating them with different polymers and assessing their suitability for automotive applications. We treated jute fibers with various polymers—low-density polyethylene, polyester, and araldite epoxy. The performance of these treated fibers was compared using fiber tensile experimentation, differential calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical evaluation. Our findings reveal that the treated jute fibers exhibit a tensile strength of 598 MPa. However, when coated with polymers, there’s a variance in strength: polyethylene (263 MPa), polyester (191 MPa), and epoxy (281 MPa). Among these, epoxy-coated fibers displayed the least tensile strength, while polyethylene-coated
Thermoplastic resins, composites, and copolymers can help the healthcare industry address multiple sustainability challenges. Specifically, thermoplastic materials can help manufacturers develop medical devices that:
Epoxy polymers are widely used in various industries, e.g., as coatings, adhesives, and for lightweight construction due to their unique properties such as high strength, chemical resistance, and adhesion to various surfaces. Therefore, one of the most prominent applications is their use as matrix material in fiber-reinforced composites, which are heavily employed in the aerospace sector. However, the disposal of epoxy polymers and composites thereof has become a significant concern due to their recalcitrant nature and the adverse environmental effects caused by traditional recycling methods.
Composites are especially important for the development and implementation of sustainable technologies such as wind power, energy-efficient aircrafts, and electric cars. Despite their advantages, their non-biodegradability raises challenges for the recycling of polymer and composites in particular. University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Epoxy polymers are widely used in various industries, e.g., as coatings, adhesives, and for lightweight construction due to their unique properties such as high strength, chemical resistance, and adhesion to various surfaces. Therefore, one of the most prominent applications is their use as matrix material in fiber-reinforced composites, which are heavily employed in the aerospace sector. However, the disposal of epoxy polymers and composites thereof has become a significant concern due to their recalcitrant nature and the adverse environmental effects caused by traditional recycling methods. In this context, the overall production of plastic waste is
To grow the application space of polymer additive manufacturing (AM), the industry must provide an offering with improved mechanical properties. Several entities are working towards introducing continuous fibers embedded into either a thermoplastic or thermoset resin system. This approach can enable significant improvement in mechanical properties and could be what is needed to open new and exciting applications within the aerospace industry. Introduction of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Polymer: A New Additive Manufacturing Path for Aerospace examines a couple of unsettled issues that are beginning to come to light regarding these materials and focuses on the ability to design and provide robust structural analysis for continuous fiber reinforced polymer AM—unsung aspects that can make or break this new technology as it finds its way into the aerospace market. Without solutions to them, adoption by the aerospace industry will be limited to point design applications, thus constraining
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) describes standard methods of heat application to cure thermosetting resins for commercial aircraft composite repairs. The methods described in this document shall only be used when specified in an approved repair document or with the agreement of the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) or regulatory authority.
Arsenic and ammonia in ground and surface waters pose significant health risks globally, especially for remote areas where access to safe drinking water is a concern for U.S. military personnel. Current removal materials and methods lack contaminant specificity. This study developed adsorptive resins and membranes specifically targeting arsenate and ammonia removal using molecularly imprinted acrylate polymers supported on graphitic carbon nitride. These materials showed comparable arsenate removal capacity to commercial resins. Higher ammonia removal capacity but lower selectivity was demonstrated by these materials in comparison to commercial resins. This research aims to enhance water treatment materials for ensuring clean drinking water access in remote military locations.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies solid, un-cut polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) retainers (backup rings) for use in glands in accordance with AS4716. They are usually used in hydraulic and pneumatic system components as anti-extrusion devices in conjunction with O-rings and other seals for static and dynamic applications.
This detail specification, along with AMS6562, establishes the requirements for continuous E-glass fabric impregnated with a medium temperature, out-of-autoclave, oven-vacuum-bag cure modified B-staged epoxy resin. The prepreg is produced using a one side coated (one side tacky) hot-melt process.
This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) specifies solid polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) retainers (backup rings) for use in static glands in accordance with AS5857. They are usually for use in hydraulic and pneumatic systems as anti-extrusion devices in conjunction with O-rings and other seals.
Ice and snow accretion on aircraft surfaces imposes operational and safety challenges, severely impacting aerodynamic performance of critical aircraft structures and equipment. For optimized location-based ice sensing and integrated ‘smart’ de-icing systems of the future, microwave resonant-based planar sensors are presented for their high sensitivity and versatility in implementation and integration. Here, a conformal, planar complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) based microwave sensor is presented for robust detection of localized ice and snow accretion. The sensor has a modified thick aluminum-plate design and is coated with epoxy for greater durability. The fabricated sensor operates at a resonant frequency of 1.18 GHz and a resonant amplitude of -33 dB. Monitoring the resonant frequency response of the sensor, the freezing and thawing process of a 0.1 ml droplet of water is monitored, and a 60 MHz downshift is observed for the frozen droplet. Using an artificial snow chamber
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