Browse Topic: Graphene

Items (87)
ABSTRACT The purpose of this project was to study the underlying fundamental phenomena associated with the formation of dendrites in Lithium-metal batteries through the use of in-situ optical microscopy, and other techniques, and develop material solutions to suppress dendritic growth, such as carbon (graphene) nanoribbons (CNRs). Throughout the course of this effort, sixteen different slurry compositions were prepared and made into a total of 96 electrodes (six of each composition). These electrodes were built into in-situ optical cells and coin half-cells and then tested using in-situ optical microscopy and cycle testing. The results found that the inclusion of CNRs generally reduced the severity of dendrite formation. Citation: D. Skalny, J. Mainero, E. Joseph, M. Anger, B. Fahlman, “Fundamental Study on the Suppression of Dendrite Growth in Lithium-Metal Batteries via Carbon Nanoribbons Through In-Situ Optical Microscopy”, In Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering
Skalny, DavidMainero, JamesJoseph, EliseAnger, MichaelFahlman, Bradley
ABSTRACT Fiber reinforced thermoset composites are well known for delivering 50% or more weight savings when compared with steel components while also providing strength, stiffness, and toughness. Nanoparticle additives have been shown to significantly increase the mechanical properties of thermoplastic and thermoset polymer matrices over the base matrix values. Extensive testing and characterization of composites containing graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) has been conducted and reported by XG Sciences’ (XGS) collaborators at the Michigan State University (MSU) Composite Materials and Structures Center. In a recent program with U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC), MSU investigated lightweight composites for blast and impact protection. High strain rate test facilities as well as high speed photography and non-destructive interferometry-based evaluation techniques were used to evaluate blast performance. The experimental results are presented
Privette, R.Fukushima, H.Drzal, L.T.Robinson, M.
Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed an ultra-sensitive sensor made with graphene that can detect extraordinarily low concentrations of lead ions in water. The device achieves a record limit of detection of lead down to the femtomolar range, which is one million times more sensitive than previous sensing technologies
Borophene is more conductive, thinner, lighter, stronger, and more flexible than graphene, the 2D version of carbon. Now, researchers have made the material potentially more useful by imparting chirality — or handedness — on it, which could make for advanced sensors and implantable medical devices. The chirality, induced via a method never before used on borophene, enables the material to interact in unique ways with different biological units such as cells and protein precursors
Graphene has been called “the wonder material of the 21st century.” But graphene has a dirty little secret: it’s dirty. Now, engineers at Columbia University and colleagues at the University of Montreal and the National Institute of Standards and Technology are poised to clean things up with an oxygen-free chemical vapor deposition (OF-CVD) method that can create high-quality graphene samples at scale. Their work, published in Nature, directly demonstrates how trace oxygen affects the growth rate of graphene and identifies the link between oxygen and graphene quality for the first time
Since the beginning of time, people have desired the best materials for production. Metals are often too heavy to be used in manufacturing. Polymer matrix composites (PMC) can be considered more dependable than metals in practical applications because of their high strength-to-weight ratio so it is a good alternative of metals. The article’s objective is to investigate the various PMC properties that are reinforced with carbon fiber. CFRP (Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer) was first made using the hand layup method with carbon fiber as a reinforcement and epoxy resin as a matrix after a thorough literature review. As CFRP have higher stiffness and superior “strength-to-weight ratio,” fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites perform notably better than various conventional metallic materials. The qualities of the matrix can be changed to enhance the characterization of FRP composites. The mechanical qualities of FRP composites have risen as a result of significant advancements in the
Haider, RehanSingh, Pradeep KumarSharma, Kamal
Advanced two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered in the last two decades are now being produced at scale and contribute to a wide range of performance enhancements in engineering applications. The most well known of these novel materials is graphene, a nearly transparent nanomaterial comprised of a single layer of bonded carbon atoms. In relative terms, it has the highest level of heat and electrical conductivity, protects against ultraviolet rays, and is the strongest material ever measured. These properties have made graphene an attractive potential material for a variety of applications, particularly for transportation-related uses, and especially for automotive engineering. The goal of drastically reducing greenhouse gas emissions has prioritized the electrification of transportation, the decarbonization of industry, and the development of products that require less energy to make, last longer, and are fully recyclable. While this chapter reviews the current state of graphene
Barkan, TerranceCoyner, KelleyBittner, JasonKolodziejczyk, BartJiang, Yuxiang
Advanced two-dimensional materials discovered in the last two decades are now being produced at scale and are contributing to a wide range of performance enhancements in engineering applications. The most well known of these novel materials is graphene, a nearly transparent nanomaterial comprising a single layer of bonded carbon atoms. In relative terms, it has the highest level of heat and electrical conductivity, protects against ultraviolet rays, and is the strongest material ever measured. These properties have made graphene an attractive potential material for a variety of applications, particularly for transportation-related uses, and especially for aerospace engineering. The goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and creating a world that achieves net-zero emissions have prioritized the electrification of transportation, the decarbonization of industry, and the development of products that require less energy to make, last longer, and are fully recyclable. These aspects have
Barkan, TerranceWalthall, RhondaDixit, SunilDavid, AharonWebb, PhilipFletcher, Sarah
A neural implant provides information about activity deep inside the brain while sitting on its surface. The implant is made up of a thin, transparent, and flexible polymer strip that is packed with a dense array of graphene electrodes. The technology, tested in transgenic mice, brings the researchers a step closer to building a minimally invasive brain-computer interface (BCI) that provides high-resolution data about deep neural activity by using recordings from the brain surface
With the evolving demand in the automobile industry for lightweight and sustainable components, the study of natural fiber composites has gained significance. Such fibers are economically efficient and offer advantageous weight-specific properties. Additionally, they are non-abrasive and environmentally degradable, marking them as viable alternatives to conventional automobile materials. This research emphasizes the flax-based composite, developed using the hand lay-up method and augmented with three distinct graphene nanofillers. The graphene fillers are categorized as large nanorods (dimensions 3-5 nm, lengths 150-300 nm), small nano threads (dimensions 6-12 nm, lengths under 50 nm), and spherical particulates (dimensions 29-39 nm). Reinforcement was consistently maintained at 2%, 4%, and 6% by weight. The results indicate that a 4 wt.% inclusion of spherical graphene nanoparticles is particularly effective in enhancing the ultimate tensile strength and fracture elongation of the
Kaliappan, S.Natrayan, L.
Rubber is one of the most used materials currently selected to produce automotive parts, but, for specific applications, some improvement is required in its properties through the addition of some components to the rubber compound formulation. Because of that, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties are enhanced in order to meet strict requirements of the vast range of application of the rubber compounds. In addition to improving material properties, the combination of different substances, also aims to improve processability and reduce the costs of the final product. Recently, the use of nanofillers has been very explored because of their distinctive properties and characteristics. Among the nanofillers under study, graphene is known for its high-barrier property, thermal and electrical conductivities, and good mechanical properties. A large number of researches on rubber/graphene compounds preparation methods and applications can be found in literature and results are promising
Veloso, VerônicaPinto, EduardoSantiago, MarceloBortoli, BrunaRibeiro, WillianPolkowski, Rodrigo
Steel represents more than 50% of weight in vehicles, being more susceptible to corrosion processes. Corrosion studies in these components are of great industrial and economic interest, and anticorrosive coatings with efficiency of superior protection is still a relevant area in materials research. Paintings from inorganic and organic hybrid compounds have been used to produce more effective and efficient coatings. Among polymeric coatings, epoxy resin is considered one of the most used anticorrosion coatings, mainly due its excellent protective properties. High barrier level is reached by reinforcing the coatings with inorganic fillers such heavy metal, nanoparticles, silica, and now more recently, carbon-based materials, like graphene and its derivatives. Graphene combined with additives presented in the paint composition can act as a passive physical barrier between the corrosive environment and the metal surface, restricting the diffusion of corrosive agents across the metal
de Oliveira, Elisa M. N.Sormani, Mariana B.Hurtado, Luiz P.Polkowski, Rodrigo D. O.
This work aims to develop a PA6 nanocomposite with glass fiber (GF) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) focusing on automotive parts application. Polyamide 6 is a semi-crystalline polymer that exhibits high fatigue and flexural strength, making it viable for rigorous applications. Along with the improved electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical performance achieved in PA6 and GF-based nanocomposites, they can fill complex geometries, have great durability, and are widely utilized due to their capacity of reducing the weight of the vehicle besides a cost reduction potential. The glass fiber is a filamentary composite, usually aggregated in polymeric matrices, which aims to amplify the mechanical properties of polymers, mainly the tensile strength in the case of PA6. Nanocomposites, on the other hand, are hybrid materials in which at least one of the components has nanometric dimensions, and the other component serves as a matrix, such as the dispersed particles of GF and GNPs present
Dantas, Patrícia Alluede Freitas, Camila Mendonçade Souza, Camila Gomes PeçanhaLopes, Rodolfo RodrigoOsti, Reinaldo
Instead of using toxic chemicals or optical masks for patterning, a research team used laser direct patterning technology to form laser-induced graphene (LIG) on e-textiles and successfully manufactured graphene-based e-textiles
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) have been proposed as novel optoelectronic materials for space applications due to their relatively light weight. MoS2 has been shown to have excellent semiconducting and photonic properties. Here, we report the effect of gamma irradiation on the structural and optical properties of a monolayer of MoS2. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material made of carbon by covalent bonds, where carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene has promising electronic and mechanical properties. There are many processes available for the formation of the graphene. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process for the formation of graphene over the metal surface is most compatible. Graphene is being investigated for its application in space electronics. In space, there are many irradiation particles and waves like x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles. Single
Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material made of carbon by covalent bonds, where carbon atoms are arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene has promising electronic and mechanical properties. There are many processes available for the formation of the graphene. CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) process for the formation of graphene over the metal surface is most compatible. Graphene is being investigated for its application in space electronics. In space, there are many irradiation particles and waves like x-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles. Single particle like neutron can create single event upset in electronic devices. Graphene can work as a radiation shielding material. Graphene-metal, graphene and epsilon near zero metamaterials structure can be used for electromagnetic wave absorbent
Made with a laser-modified graphene nanocomposite material, a wearable device can detect specific glucose levels in sweat for three weeks while simultaneously monitoring body temperature and pH levels
Two different TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) grids - graphene oxide (GO) and silicon nitride (SiN) - were used to capture the particulates emitted with the exhaust of a modern 1.0 L GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) engine. One speed-load condition (1250 rpm – idle) was chosen to generate a nanometric particulate output in the sub-23 nm regime which has been traditionally difficult to analyse in terms of composition and morphology. The overall aim was to understand if additional benefits can be obtained by analysing the particles captured in the exhaust on a nanoporous silicon nitride grid compared to state-of- the-art graphene oxide grids. The behaviour of porous SiN support films was of interest since nanopores are present in the grid in the 20 nm regime and the material is thermally and dimensionally stable under high temperatures, allowing thermophoretic capture directly within the engine exhaust stream. In addition to nanostructural and morphological comparison, the
Lagana, SalvatoreAkifjevs, RomansRocca, Antonino LaCairns, AlasdairFay, Michael W.Webb, Kevin F.
The sun has tremendous potential to address the world’s increasing energy needs, but the increased cost of employing lunar power is a considerable hurdle when equated to more conventional energy sources. The low energy density and low conversion efficiency of solar radiation, expensive raw materials, and labor-intensive manufacturing process all contribute to the high cost of a photovoltaic system. In the last ten years, advances in nano science and nanotechnology have opened up new possibilities for the creation of effective solar cells. Designing semiconductor, metal, and polymer nanostructure designs for solar cells has become possible. Understanding the methods involved in the photovoltaic energy conversion like optical and electrical process, has also benefited from theoretical and modelling studies. The high price and insufficient efficiency of current solar cells prevent the widespread usage of solar energy. One-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials have particularly opened up new
P, GeethaSudarmani, R.Venkataraman, C.Shubha, S.
In relative terms, graphene has the highest level of heat and electrical conductivity, protects against ultraviolet rays, and is the strongest material ever measured. These properties have made graphene an attractive potential material for a variety of applications, particularly for transportation-related uses, and especially for automotive engineering. The goal of drastically reducing greenhouse gas emissions has prioritized the electrification of transportation, the decarbonization of industry, and the development of products that require less energy to make, last longer, and are fully recyclable. The Role of Graphene in Achieving e-Mobility in Automotive Applications reviews the current state of graphene-related automotive applications, it also identifies the technological challenges facing engineers that look to benefit from graphene’s attractive properties. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research Report portfolio
Barkan, Terrance
Made of graphene, a cuffless device is worn on the underside of the wrist and can measure blood pressure with comparable accuracy to a standard blood pressure cuff. While the technology is still in its early stages, the researchers envision that the monitor will be worn 24/7
In two new studies, researchers demonstrate that graphene can greatly improve electrical circuits required for wearable and flexible electronics such as smart health patches and other flexible devices
Advanced two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered in the last two decades are now being produced at scale and are contributing to a wide range of performance enhancements in engineering applications. The most well-known of these novel materials is graphene, a nearly transparent nanomaterial comprising a single layer of bonded carbon atoms. In relative terms, it has the highest level of heat and electrical conductivity, protects against ultraviolet rays, and is strongest material ever measured. These properties have made graphene an attractive potential material for a variety of applications, particularly for transportation related uses, and especially for aerospace engineering. The Role of Graphene in Achieving e-Mobility in Aerospace Applications reviews the current state of graphene-related aerospace applications and identifies the technological challenges facing engineers that look to benefit from graphene’s attractive properties. Click here to access the full SAE EDGETM Research
Barkan, Terrance
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies can produce lighter parts; reduce manual assembly processes; reduce the number of production steps; shorten the production cycle; significantly reduce material consumption; enable the production of prostheses, implants, and artificial organs; and produce end-user products since it is used in many sectors for many reasons; it has also started to be used widely, especially in the field of aerospace. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) was preferred for the antenna substrate because it is environmentally friendly, easy to recycle, provides convenience in production design with a three-dimensional (3D) printer, and is less expensive compared to other available materials. Copper (Cu) tape and graphene filament were employed for the antenna patch component due to their benefits. The comprehensive comparative analysis between a full-wave model and a 3D-printed prototype of the antenna via the CST Microwave Studio program was demonstrated here. The
Avşar Aydın, EmineBiçer, Mustafa BerkanMert, Mehmet ErmanÖzgür, CeylaDoğru Mert, Başak
Researchers at the University of Bath working in collaboration with industrial partner, Integrated Graphene, have developed a new sensing technique based on graphene foam for the detection of glucose levels in the blood. Since it is a chemical sensor instead of being enzyme-based, the new technology is robust, has a long shelf-life and can be tuned to detect lower glucose concentrations than current systems
Graphene — hexagonally arranged carbon atoms in a single layer with superior pliability and high conductivity — could impact the development of future motion detection, tactile sensing, and health monitoring devices
Scientists have optimized a process to convert waste from rubber tires into graphene that can, in turn, be used to strengthen concrete. Concrete is the most-produced material in the world and simply making it produces as much as 9 percent of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions. If less concrete can be used in roads, buildings, and bridges, some of the emissions can be eliminated at the start
A new bendable supercapacitor made from graphene has been developed that charges quickly and safely stores a record-high level of energy for use over a long period. The technology overcomes the issue faced by high-powered, fast-charging supercapacitors: they usually cannot hold a large amount of energy in a small space
Rubbers are widely used in many engineering applications such as tubes, timing belt, tires etc. Apart from its functional use, it can also be used as damping material in many applications in order to dampen the vibrations transmitted from one structure to another. The present research work focuses on the development of Graphene filled (CB) Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and its performances are compared with Carbon Black (CB) filled SBR. Both of these rubber samples were investigated for its mechanical properties such as hardness and tensile strength. Experimental modal analysis (EMA) was also carried out to examine the dynamic characteristics such as damping and natural frequency along with its mode shapes for the prepared samples and compared. It is observed from the results that the inclusion of graphene in SBR improved its vibrational characteristics in addition to the improvement of mechanical properties
Natarajan, RavikumarS, Rizwan AsifC, SivakumarManohar, D Murali
Using an ultrasonic-assisted stir casting method, a pure aluminum (Al) matrix (99% purity) was mixed with Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs) in various proportions ranging from 0.5 wt.% to 2.0 wt.% to create a Metal Matrix Composite. The microstructural and mechanical behavior of pure Al-graphene composites were studied experimentally, and it was discovered that Al with 1.0 wt.% graphene composite exhibits improved mechanical properties, with a 38.80% increase in tensile strength and a 56.07% increase in microhardness. Furthermore, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to inspect the composites’ exterior morphology, and fractography of the tensiled composites, as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, was used to observe the materials’ stage changes. According to the failure review, uniform graphene scattering in the parent matrix combined with negligible porosity resulted in a substantial improvement in mechanical
Prakash, P. BhanuSubbaiah, K. VenkataDodda, RavikanthMurthy, V.S.S.Vagesh, Shangar R.
Inside an automobile, hundreds of connectors and electrical terminals in various locations experience different corrosive environments. These connectors and electrical terminals need to be corrosion-proof and provide a good electrical contact for a vehicle’s lifetime. Saltwater and sulfuric acid are some of the main corrosion concerns for these electrical terminals. Currently, various thin metallic layers such as gold (Au), silver (Ag), or tin (Sn) are plated with a nickel (Ni) layer on copper alloy (Cu) terminals to ensure reliable electrical conduction during service. Graphene due to its excellent chemical stability can serve as a corrosion protective layer and prevent electrochemical oxidation of metallic terminals. In this work, effects of thin graphene layers grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on Au and Ag terminals and thin-film devices were investigated. Various mechanical, thermal/humidity, and electrical tests were performed. In addition, a systematic
Zhang, Suki NaifangChen, ZhihongArfaei, Babak
Electrical connectors and terminals are widely used in the automotive industry. It is desirable to mate the electrical connections using materials or coatings with low friction force to improve the ergonomics of the assembly process while maintaining good electrical conduction over the lifetime of the vehicle. We have previously shown that plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of graphene on gold (Au) and silver (Ag) terminals can significantly reduce the insertion force (friction force during the terminal insertion process). However, the cost of this deposition method is rather high, and its high temperature process (> 400 oC) makes it impractical for materials with low melting temperatures. For example, tin (Sn) coating with a melting temperature of 232 oC is commonly used in electrical connectors, which cannot sustain the high temperature process. In this study, reduced graphene oxide was prepared using a low-cost solution process and applied onto metallic terminals. The
Zhang, Suki NaifangArfaei, BabakChen, Zhihong
Not only is graphene — a one-atom-thick sheet of carbon arranged in a hexagonal lattice — the strongest, thinnest material known to man, it is also an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. Now, a team of researchers has discovered that a variety of exotic electronic states, including a rare form of magnetism, can arise in a three-layer graphene structure
An energy-harvesting circuit based on graphene could be incorporated into a chip to provide clean, limitless, low-voltage power for small devices or sensors. The findings show that freestanding graphene — a single layer of carbon atoms — ripples and buckles in a way that holds promise for energy harvesting
The main pollutants from the automobiles are unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), soot particles (PM), and carbon monoxides. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is a technology used in diesel vehicles to reduce NOx. NOx are formed at high temperatures in the combustion chamber; EGR circulates a portion of exhaust gas to the combustion chamber after cooling it with the help of a heat exchanger known as EGR cooler. The main objective is to increase the efficiency of the EGR cooler by changing its material to copper, which has high thermal conductivity. The main challenge faced was the highly corrosive nature of copper, which was overcome by coating it with Graphene Oxide (GO) by the electrophoretic deposition process. Tests were performed using three EGR coolers made of stainless steel, copper, and GO-coated copper. The results show that EGR cooler with GO-coated copper has the highest rate of heat transfer
Venugopal, ThangavelGupta, ManshuArora, PrateekNarayanan, R.
Items per page:
1 – 50 of 87