Browse Topic: Casting alloys

Items (1,049)
This specification covers a leaded bronze in the form of sand and centrifugal castings (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum alloy wheels have become the preferred choice over steel wheels due to their lightweight nature, enhanced aesthetics, and contribution to improved fuel efficiency. Traditionally, these wheels are manufactured using methods such as Gravity Die Casting (GDC) [1] or Low Pressure Die Casting (LPDC) [2]. As vehicle dynamics engineers continue to increase tire sizes to optimize handling performance, the corresponding increase in wheel rim size and weight poses a challenge for maintaining low unsprung mass, which is critical for ride quality. To address this, weight reduction has become a priority. Flow forming [3,4], an advanced wheel rim production technique, which offers a solution for reducing rim weight. This process employs high-pressure rollers to shape a metal disc into a wheel, specifically deforming the rim section while leaving the spoke and hub regions unaffected. By decreasing rim thickness, flow forming not only enhances strength and durability but also reduces overall wheel weight. This study investigates and compares the mechanical properties of conventional GDC and LPDC cast alloy wheels with flow-formed counterparts, focusing on the rim region. Results reveal that the flow-forming process facilitates a 30% thickness reduction in the rim section. Furthermore, it leads to a slight increase in yield and tensile strength while significantly improving elongation in parallel to the flow-forming direction. The study also examines microstructural changes, including the deformation behavior of silicon dendrites [5].
Singh, Ram KrishnanMedaboyina, HarshaVardhanG K, BalajiGopalan, VijaysankarSundaram, RaghupathiPaua, Ketan
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of investment castings (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a leaded bronze in the form of sand and centrifugal castings (see 8.6).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers the requirements for a hard anodic coating on magnesium alloys and the properties of the coating.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This study presents the mechanical characterization studies on 3 wt.% graphene (Gr) filled magnesium matrix composite reinforced with different weight fractions (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 wt.%) of titanium carbide (TiC) particles. The matrix is AZ91 alloy, and the nano magnesium composite (NMC) is fabricated via a squeeze casting approach. The lightweight NMC is a potential solution for the automobile industry, as it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and contributes to environmental sustainability. Gr is added to enhance the composite's thermal endurance and mechanical strength. Mechanical and corrosion studies are performed as per the ASTM standards. The inclusion of Gr and 16 wt.% TiC tends to enhance the mechanical durability and corrosion resilience of the NMC when compared with other fabricated composites and cast alloys. The uniform dispersal of NC and TiC and better mould properties lead to better strength. Higher inclusion of TiC (20 wt.%) leads to brittleness, thereby decreasing the overall wear loss by resisting abrasive, which lowers the composite's flexibility and strength. The potential mechanism of adhesive wear is shown by the fact that TiC and Gr decrease the intimate contact region between the composite and the EN31 counter-disc. Compared with as-cast alloy, AZ91+3%Gr+16%TiC produced 64.31% higher porosity, 19.50%, 26.69%, 59.45%, and 19.66% higher UTS, micro-hardness, impact, and flexural strength.
Senthilkumar, N.
This specification covers a copper-nickel-tin alloy in the form of castings, made using the investment process unless sand or centrifugal processes are agreed upon by the purchaser (see 8.5).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This document covers the recommended practice for determining the acceptability of the dendrite arm spacing (DAS) of D357-T6 aluminum alloy castings required to have tensile strength not lower than 50 ksi (345 MPa).
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Fly ash is a light byproduct produced when pulverized coal is burnt in suspension-fueled furnaces in power plants. Separating the recovered fly ash from the exhaust gases. Due to its distinct physical and chemical properties, it is utilized in a wide variety of industrial and building applications. These applications include the production of cement and concrete, the stabilization of liquid waste, and hydraulic mining backfill. Fly ash has the potential to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of aluminum castings, as well as reduce their costs and increase their densities, all while lowering their prices. This research investigated the effect of fly ash incorporation on the mechanical properties of the aluminum casting alloy ZA8. Investigated were the cast and heat-treated varieties of unreinforced ZA8 and its metal matrix composite of 15% ferrous, 20% nickel, 10% fly ash, and 10% magnesium carbide. According to the results, the quantity of fly ash in the melt affected the tensile and impact properties of the metal matrix composite. The loss of magnesium atoms in the matrix, which contributes to the strength of solid solutions, and porosity both contribute to the lower mechanical properties and impact resistance of the metal matrix composite.
Dinesh Krishnaa, S.Pandiyan, ManikandaprabuBen Ruben, R.Dhiyaneswaran, J.Sanjay Kumar, S.
The present investigation pertains to effect of different levels of modifiers (Na) in the Al-11.1Si hypo-eutectic alloy casting process. The investigation deals with the porosity analysis of the hypo-eutectic Al-Si alloy casting with varying master alloy, composition and holding time. The modifiers used for the investigation is sodium. Four levels of compositions addition of modifier as sodium is selected for the casting process which are 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.09%, &0.12%. The holding times selected for each composition are 10min, 20min and 30min respectively. The introduction sodium to an Al-Si alloy results in a complete transformation of Si particles, changing them from coarse plates to fine fibres, irrespective of the cooling conditions. The reduction in eutectic growth temperature due to sodium addition was consistently associated with the degree of modification, regardless of the initial microstructure coarseness. Employing modification treatment significantly enhances elongation to failure, particularly when intermetallic compounds are effectively refined in size. The microstructure of the experimental samples is characterized by using differential interference contrast optical image analyzer and found out the level of modification, and then it compared with the porosity level in the sample. The radiography imaging technique confirms that Na that 0.12% addition is giving very less shrinkage porosity.
Manivannan, S.Daniel Das, A.Suresh Balaji, R.Marimuthu, S.
Aluminum alloys are employed in agricultural equipment, aerospace sectors, medical instruments, machinery, automobiles, etc. due to their physical and mechanical characteristics. The geometrical shape and size of the parts are modified in turning operation by using a single-point cutting tool. A356 aluminum alloy is widely used in various engineering sectors, hence there is a necessity to produce A-356 components with quality. The inappropriate cutting parameters used in turning operation entail high production costs and reduce tool life. Box–Behnken design (BBD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments such that the experiment trials were conducted by varying cutting parameters like N-spindle speed (rpm), f-feed rate (mm/rev), and d-depth of cut (mm). The multi-objective responses, such as surface roughness (SR) and metal removal rate (MRR) were analyzed with the desirability method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) represents the significant factor for each response, whereas the desirability approach focuses on a single optimal cutting parameter setting to achieve both responses with a better level of accuracy. The most favorable turning parameters N: 713.563 rpm (715 rpm), f: 1 mm/rev, and d: 1 mm was determined in the desirability approach to enhance results of SF: 2.511 μm and MRR 25.145 gm/min. The validation test was executed with predicted factors, such that the experiment results form a better agreement with the predicted results. The determined cutting parameters settings are advisable to machine the liquid metallurgical A-356 aluminum alloy castings.
Arunbharathi, R.Arish, R.Girith Chandru, S.Bhavandharshan, K.Gowthamprasath, A. D.Hari, K.
This specification provides requirements and procedures for gas-pressure leak testing of parts.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant, air-melted, nickel alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of welding wire.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of two types of welding wire.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a nickel-copper alloy in the form of castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a zinc alloy in the form of die castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of two types of welding wire.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a nickel-copper alloy in the form of castings.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of two types of welding wire.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification specifies the engineering requirements for heat treatment, by part fabricators (users) or their vendors or subcontractors, of parts made of cast nickel or cobalt alloys and of fabricated assemblies in which cast nickel or cobalt alloys are the primary structural components. This specification is not intended to provide requirements for heat treating operations that are a responsibility of the casting supplier in meeting the requirements of the casting commodity specification.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
The hot corrosion studies for the die-casted magnesium (Mg) silver (Ag) alloys are carried out through the steam heating route. The Magnesium Silver (QE22A) alloy is fixed under the top lid of the pressure cooker (2 liters) and filled with water and 5% salt (NaCl) solution. The specimens are treated with different time intervals (10, 20, and 30 minutes), with the steam temperature maintained at 100°C around the specimen. The results showed an increase in the corrosion rate with the increase in the steaming time. Further, after the specimens have cooled down to room temperature, similar experiments are repeated for the second and third cycles. Here the formation of the oxide layers over the specimen has reduced the corrosion rate. The structural, surface study was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to know the corrosion behavior on the specimen. From the microstructure, it is noticed that the average grain size increased with the increase in the time intervals. Through SEM images, detailed studies on the crack length and pitting width were carried out. Finally, a comparison of pure and corroded alloys is made and discussed in detail.
Shailesh Rao, A.Sangamesh, M.A.Nayak, HaridasLatha, B. M.Pallavi, B. K.
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of welding wire.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) establishes guidelines for evaluating the effects of corrosion testing and acceptance criteria of aluminum alloy connectors and accessories with plating.
AE-8C1 Connectors Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a dilute aluminum/TiB2 metal matrix composite in the form of investment castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Additive manufacturing (AM) provides significant geometric design freedom for the cooling of high pressure die casting (HPDC) tools. Designing cooling channels that can achieve a uniform temperature throughout the tool-cast interface during the moulding process can limit part warping and sink marks, internal part stresses, and increase tool life. However, the design of the embedded cooling channels requires high computational resources to model the heat transfer process for the cast, mould, and coolant from the moment aluminium is injected into the cavity until the injection for the next cycle. To enable the examination of the effect of various parameters, a simplified 3-D CFD conjugate heat transfer model is introduced by considering the experimental observations. The model decouples the cast part from the mould. A volumetric heat source term is added to the energy equation to represent the solidification energy, and accordingly the heat flux is evaluated on its surface that has been set to a uniform temperature. The heat flux is then compared with that obtained from the mould surface for a specific cooling channel layout. With this approach it is possible for the designer to rapidly assess the cooling system without incurring significant computational cost. The model reveals the undercooled and overcooled regions, which are then matched with the observational results obtained by analysing the tools and the aluminium cast surface. The results prove that the model can be employed to develop a baseline design of the cooling channel network for a complex geometry before applying an optimisation technique. It can also be useful for assessing the effect of various parameters, and to carry out a parametric sensitivity study with limited computational cost. The limitations of the model are evaluated and discussed in this work.
Abo-Serie, EssamJewkes, JamesZeng, TongyanLiang, Yuancheng
This specification specifies the engineering requirements for heat treatment, by part fabricators (users) or subcontractors, of parts made of wrought or additively manufactured nickel or cobalt alloys, of raw materials during fabrication, and of fabricated assemblies in which wrought nickel or cobalt alloys are the primary structural components.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of permanent mold castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of permanent mold castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers the engineering requirements for producing an anodic coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys which are subsequently sealed with an organic resin.
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This specification specifies the engineering requirements for heat treatment, by part fabricators (users) or their vendors or subcontractors, of parts (see 8.6.1). It also covers heat treatment by warehouses or distributors converting raw material from one temper to another temper (see 1.3 and 8.5). It covers the following aluminum alloys: 1100, 2004, 2014, 2017, 2024, 2098, 2117, 2124, 2195, 2219, 2224, 3003, 5052, 6013, 6061, 6063, 6066, 6951, 7049, 7050, 7075, 7149, 7178, 7249, and 7475.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification specifies the engineering requirements for heat treatment, by part fabricators (users) or subcontractors, of parts made of wrought or additively manufactured nickel or cobalt alloys, of raw materials during fabrication, and of fabricated assemblies in which wrought nickel or cobalt alloys are the primary structural components.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification establishes engineering requirements for the uphill quenching process. Uphill quenching immerses product in liquid nitrogen followed by exposure to a high pressure/velocity steam blast or boiling water.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The effect of Portevin-Le Châtelier (PLC) effect and its influence on the mechanical properties of aluminum, have aroused interest in the scientific community, aiming possible applications in the industry. The respective effect has been commonly observed in the solid solution state in Al-Mg alloys. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the effect of the PLC phenomenon on the mechanical properties of the material with additions of 2% and 6% of Mg in the base alloy of Al-0.18%. For this purpose, the alloys were cast in a muffle furnace and cast in copper mold (section of the properzi wheel), followed by cooling in water. Samples were cut and machined to 9.5 mm in diameter. Subsequently, they underwent sanding and polishing processes in order to obtain their macrostructures. The results obtained in this step show that Mg refined the grain structures. The tensile test was performed for mechanical characterization. The results showed that increasing Mg contents resulted in grain refining, tensile strength limit and elongation losses. In order to analyze the effect of PLC in the stress strain curves, a practical method was developed, which consists in amplifying the points of the curves, measuring the amplitude of the oscillations by zone and individual, from which it was concluded that the oscillations were more evident in the alloy with addition of 2% Mg.
Brum, Natália Luiza AbucaterJesus Monteiro dos Santos, Aélcio deDaniel, Brenda Thayssa FigueiraSantana, Clóvis Iarlande OliveiraBrito da Fonseca, Laís Mota deVale Quaresma, José Maria doReis, Vinicius Silva dos
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of sand castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of sand castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification establishes the requirements and procedures for heat treating parts in vacuum/partial pressure and shall be used as a supplementary document to primary heat treating specifications as applicable.
AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sand castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The purpose of this recommended practice is to provide the aerospace industry with recommendations concerning minimizing stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) in wrought high-strength aluminum alloy products.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification specifies the engineering requirements for heat treatment, by part fabricators (users) or their vendors or subcontractors, of parts (see 8.6.1). It also covers heat treatment by warehouses or distributors converting raw material from one temper to another temper (see 1.3 and 8.5). It covers the following aluminum alloys: 1100, 2014, 2017, 2024, 2098, 2117, 2124, 2195, 2219, 2224, 3003, 5052, 6013, 6061, 6063, 6066, 6951, 7049, 7050, 7075, 7149, 7178, 7249, 7475
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Constitutive Modeling and Thermomechanical Fatigue Life Predictions of A356-T6 Aluminum Cylinder Heads Considering Ageing Effects2019-01-05344/2/2019
Cast aluminum alloys are frequently used as materials for cylinder head applications in internal combustion gasoline engines. These components must withstand severe cyclic mechanical and thermal loads throughout their lifetime. Reliable computational methods allow for accurate estimation of stresses, strains, and temperature fields and lead to more realistic Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) lifetime predictions. With accurate numerical methods, the components could be optimized via computer simulations and the number of required bench tests could be reduced significantly. These types of alloys are normally optimized for peak hardness from a quenched state that maximizes the strength of the material. However due to high temperature exposure, in service or under test conditions, the material would experience an over-ageing effect that leads to a significant reduction in the strength of the material. To numerically account for ageing effects, the Shercliff & Ashby ageing model is combined with a Chaboche-type viscoplasticity model available in the finite-element program ABAQUS by defining field variables. The constitutive model with ageing effects is correlated with uniaxial cyclic isothermal tests in the T6 state, the overaged state, as well as thermomechanical tests. On the other hand, the mechanism-based TMF damage model (DTMF) is calibrated for both T6 and over-aged state. Both the constitutive and the damage model are applied to a cylinder head component simulating several cycles on an engine dynamometer test. The effects of including ageing for both models are shown.
Seifert, ThomasHazime, RadwanChang, Cherng-ChiHu, Chao
This specification covers a corrosion and heat-resistant nickel alloy in the form of pre-alloyed powder.
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
Prediction of Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing in Directional Solidification of Aluminum Alloy by Casting Simulation and Micro-Structural Inspection2019-26-01661/9/2019
In automotive industry, many of the powertrain components (for e.g. engine head and cylinder block) are generally manufactured by a casting procedure. Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing (SDAS) is one of the most important microstructural features in dendritic solidification of alloys (for e.g. Al-Si alloys) during the casting process. SDAS has a significant influence on the mechanical behavior of the cast aluminum components. A lower value of SDAS is desired in order to achieve better fatigue strength of the cast components which can be controlled by governing several casting parameters. For directional solidification, SDAS is dependent on various casting parameters i.e. chemical composition of the alloy, cooling rate and liquid melt treatment. During industrial casting of an alloy with predefined chemical composition, cooling rate during the mushy zone becomes the dominant parameter for controlling SDAS. The objective of this study was to predict the SDAS of die cast Al-Si alloy samples subjected to different cooling rates by varying the mold temperature. The SDAS was predicted by a casting simulation and utilizing the empirical relationship between solidification time and SDAS. The predicted SDAS values from simulation were compared with the experimental results of SDAS obtained from the microstructural inspection of the cast samples. It was observed that the predicted SDAS were in good agreement with the inspected values. This study also showed an increasing trend of SDAS values with the increase in solidification time. The approach to calculate SDAS, described in this paper could be used as a design tool to compare the fatigue properties of cast aluminum components subjected to different casting parameters without any destructive fatigue failure testing.
Karmakar, NilankanJha, PankajRay, SudiptoCarpenter, NeerajA., AkshayLakkonavar, VirupakshappaNienhuis, Michael
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a magnesium alloy in the form of investment castings.
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
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