Browse Topic: Aluminum alloys

Items (6,459)
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of hand forgings up to 5.000 inches (127.00 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness at the time of heat treatment, procured to inch/pound dimensions (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification establishes the requirements for dyed anodic coatings on aluminum alloys
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
ABSTRACT Friction stir welding is a solid state joining technique in which no melting of the metals is involved. The technique is very attractive for aluminum alloys due to the low heat input involved in the process, which leads to improved mechanical properties as compared to conventional fusion welds. In this work, different aluminum series alloys were friction stir welded together. The aluminum alloys consisted of a solid solution/strain hardened aluminum alloy 5083-H131, and precipitation strengthened aluminum alloys 2139-T8 and aluminum 7085-T721. The joint combinations were aluminum alloys 5083-H131 to 7085-T721, aluminum alloys 2139-T8 to 7085-T721, and aluminum alloys 5083-H131 to 2139-T8. Their mechanical properties were analyzed and compared to base metal properties. Optical microscopy was used to analyze the grains in the welds. Good mixing of the different aluminum alloys was optically observed in all of the welds, which lead to good joint properties, opening the
Martinez, NelsonMcDonnell, Martin
ABSTRACT The open-cell metal foams have an internal structure is a web of connected ligaments. Foams are made from pure or alloys of aluminum, nickel, steel, magnesium, titanium and copper. In addition to being light weight, the foams exhibit excellent stiffness-to-weight ratios. Some foams can be resilient materials in harsh environments and have high impact resistance. The foams have high conductivities and large surface area per unit volume. All of these attributes make metal foam an attractive core for heat exchange. For example, cooling of power electronics and for thermal management of ground vehicles can employ metal-foam designs. Numerical simulation of convection heat transfer due to airflow inside commercial aluminum foam is conducted in a commercial numerical package. For validation, actual air temperatures were locally measured inside heated commercial aluminum foam, and cooled by forced air flow using a specially-developed technique. Good agreement between the modeling and
Dukhan, NihadSULEIMAN, AHMED S.AL-RAMMAHI, MUNTADHER A.
ABSTRACT The Applied Science and Technology Research Organization of America (ASTRO America), Ingersoll Machine Tool (Ingersoll), MELD Manufacturing (MELD), Siemens Digital Industries (Siemens), The American Lightweight Materials Manufacturing Innovation Institute (ALMII), and the US Army CCDC-GVSC have partnered to show the feasibility of fabricating very large metal parts using a combination of additive and subtractive manufacturing technologies. The Army seeks new manufacturing technology to support supply chain strategy objectives to replace costly inventories and reduce lead times. While additive manufacturing (AM) has demonstrated production of metallic parts for military applications, the scale of these demonstrations is much smaller than required for large vehicle components and/or complete vehicle hull structures. Leveraging AM for large scale applications requires enhancements in the size, speed, and precision of the current commercially available state-of-the-art equipment
Rodriguez, Ricardo X.Wells, CorrineCarter, Robert H.LaLonde, Aaron D.Goffinski, Curtis W.Cox, Chase D.Bell, Tim S.Kott, Norbert J.Gorey, Jason S.Czech, Peter A.Hoffmann, KlausHolmes, Larry (LJ) R.
ABSTRACT In order to defeat under body blast events and improve crew survivability, a monocoque aluminum cab structure has been designed as a drop on solution based on the current M1151A1 (HMMWV) chassis. The structure is comprised of all 5083-H131 Aluminum alloy armor plates with various thicknesses. The structure design consists of the following new features: (1) Robust joining design utilizing interlocking ballistic joints and mechanical interlocking features, (2) unique B-pillar gusset design connects roof & floor with B-pillar & tunnel, and (3) “Double V” underbody shaping design. The TARDEC designed, integrated & built vehicle achieved no crew core body injuries for a vehicle of this weight class and demonstrated meeting the crew survivability objective when subjected to a 2X blast during the live fire underbody blast tests. These efforts help to not only baseline light tactical vehicle capabilities, but also validate the possibility of meeting aggressive blast objectives for
Lee, Chu-HwaLacap, Demetrio M.Keller, Shawn J.
Aluminum alloys serve a critical role in the aerospace industry, accounting for a significant amount of commercial aircraft weight. Despite the growing use of composite materials, aluminum remains important in airframe construction due to its lightweight, cost-effectiveness, and high strength potential. Structural integrity is critical in modern engineering, necessitating early diagnosis and localization of damage. To detect the flaws, cracks, and cut-out in the structures, structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are essential, with non-destructive testing (NDT) methodologies playing critical roles. Among these technologies, ultrasonic guided wave testing (UGWT) has gained popularity because of its capacity to propagate over long distances and detect subsurface faults. This article investigates the use of UGWs to identify cut-outs in aluminum plates. The numerical investigation has been carried out using commercially available finite element software Abaqus. The ultrasonic lamb
Rajput, ArunPatil, Vaibhav KailasBhosale, AniketYadav, RiteshGhatge, AdityarajPandey, Anand Ji
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 0.250 to 5.500 inch (6.35 to 139.70 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die forgings up to 4 inches (102 mm), inclusive, in thickness and hand forgings up to 6 inches (152 mm), inclusive, in thickness (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers a discontinuously reinforced aluminum alloy (DRA) made by mechanical alloying 2124A aluminum powder and silicon carbide particulate (SiC). It is produced in the form of extruded bar, rod, wire, and shapes with cross section inclusive of 1-inch (25.4-mm) diameter or less (see 8.7
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 4.001 to 10.000 inches (101.60 to 254.00 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The aim of this work is to develop a composite material and investigate its mechanical characteristics especially suited for automotive applications, and finite element analysis (FEA) of fabricated composite is carried out to examine the mechanical behavior of composites. Utilizing aluminum alloy ingot (LM13) as the matrix material and zirconium diboride (ZrB2) as reinforcement, this work creates composites with improved mechanical and physical properties by accounting impact, tensile, compression, and hardness behavior. FEA is used to examine the increasing behavior of material properties for various volume segments of reinforcement (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%) that are supplied to the matrix to determine an acceptable volume percentage of composite based on their input features. In FEA, the impact, tensile, compression, and hardness characteristics of the composite model are investigated by considering von Mises stress, equivalent elastic strain, and total deformation. The experimental
Vijayan, S. N.Chelladurai, Samson Jerold SamuelSaiyathibrahim, A.Infant Jegan Rakesh, A. J.Thriveni, K.Preethi, V.Jatti, Vijaykumar S.Karthik, S.Balaji, K.Saranya, S.
This specification covers a discontinuously reinforced aluminum alloy (DRA) made by mechanical alloying 2124A aluminum powder and silicon carbide (SiC) particulate. It is produced in the form of extruded bar, rod, wire, and shapes with cross section inclusive of 1-inch (25.4-mm) diameter or less (see 8.7
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, and profiles (shapes) with a maximum cross-sectional area of 25 square inches (161 cm2), a maximum circle size of 12 inches (305 mm), and a nominal thickness up to 3.250 inches (82.54 mm), inclusive (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
In this investigation, AA6351 alloy matrix composites with a larger volume proportion of SiC (20 wt%) were fabricated and tested for microstructure and mechanical behavior. Composites were hot extruded from mechanically milled matrix and reinforcements. Hot extrusion uniformly distributed reinforcements in the matrix and strengthened phase interaction. Mechanical ball milling causes AA6351 powder to become more homogeneous, reducing the mean particle size from 38.66 ± 2.31 μm to 23.57 ± 2.31 μm due to particle deformation. The micrograph shows that the SiC particles are equally dispersed in the AA6351 matrix, avoiding densification and reinforcing phase integration issues during hot extrusion. In hot extrusion, SiC particles are evenly distributed in the matrix, free of pores, and have strong metallurgical bonds, resulting in a homogenous composite microstructure. SiC powders and mechanical milling increase microhardness and compressive strength, giving MMC-A 54.9% greater than AA6351
Saiyathibrahim, A.Murali Krishnan, R.Jatti, Vinaykumar S.Jatti, Ashwini V.Jatti, Savita V.Praveenkumar, V.Balaji, K.
This ARP provides the definition of terms commonly used in aircraft environmental control system (ECS) design and analysis. Many of the terms may be used as guidelines for establishing standard ECS nomenclature. Some general thermodynamic terms are included that are frequently used in ECS analysis, but this document is not meant to be an inclusive list of such terms
AC-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee
This specification covers bonded honeycomb core made of aluminum alloy and supplied in the form of blocks, slices, or other configurations as ordered (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of clad sheet from 0.006 to 0.249 inches (0.15 to 6.32 mm), inclusive, in thickness (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers the specific requirements for 2017 aluminum alloy bar, rod and wire produced by rolling, drawing or cold finishing supplied in the annealed (O temper) condition (see 8.4). When specified, product shall be supplied in the “as fabricated” (F) temper
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded profiles (shapes) 0.063 to 0.375 inch (1.6 to 10 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, and profiles up to 0.499 inches (12.67 mm) in nominal diameter, or least thickness, and under 10 in2 (65 cm2) in cross-sectional area
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing and subjected to stress relief, hot isostatic press (HIP), solution treat, and artificial aging
AMS AM Additive Manufacturing Metals
The term “military-grade” can have a variety of meanings that are perspective dependent. In 2014, Ford Motor Company emphasized the term heavily in advertising campaigns to garner consumer acceptance for the transition from steel to aluminum in the body of their flagship F150 model. As cited by Ford, “Engineers selected these high-strength, military-grade aluminum alloys because of the metals’ unique ability to withstand tough customer demands.” From this point-of-view, military-grade implies superior performance. However, the bureaucratic and logistical barriers required for certification to military-grade acceptance levels per DoD performance requirements can also be perceived as impediments to innovation and the transition of fundamental science into tangible product. This is in-part due to the legacy age of many DoD performance standards dating to the 1950s and 1960s when the US military peaked in technology market share and was responsible for approximately two-thirds of domestic
Military performance requirements for adhesives have been traditionally derived to fulfill niche defense needs in harsh operational environments with little consideration for dual-use commercial potential. U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen, MD The term “military-grade” can have a variety of meanings that are perspective dependent. In 2014, Ford Motor Company emphasized the term heavily in advertising campaigns to garner consumer acceptance for the transition from steel to aluminum in the body of their flagship F150 model. As cited by Ford, “Engineers selected these high-strength, military-grade aluminum alloys because of the metals' unique ability to withstand tough customer demands.” From this point-of-view, military-grade implies superior performance. However, the bureaucratic and logistical barriers required for certification to military-grade acceptance levels per DoD performance requirements can also be perceived as impediments to innovation and the transition of fundamental
Electric trucks and off-highway vehicles weigh about 30% more than their gasoline- and diesel-powered counterparts. That's a challenge for OEMs who want to reduce vehicle weight to increase range but are bound by the limits of current battery technology. To reduce vehicle weight, OEMs can make design changes in other areas, such as by replacing steel with thermoformed plastics, aluminum alloys and composite materials. What manufacturers may overlook, however, is the weight savings that can be achieved with industrial rubber products. Rubber is already lightweight, but there are heavier-than-necessary elastomeric components used throughout vehicle interiors and exteriors, typically with metal or plastic fasteners
This specification covers an aluminum alloy procured in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles (shapes), and tubing up to 1.499 inches (38.07 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter or least thickness (bars, rods, wire, or profiles) or nominal wall thickness (tubing) (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The viscoelastic response of pure Al and commercial 6082 and 6082-T6 (Al–Mg–Si) alloys is measured with dynamic–mechanical analyzer as a function of temperature (ranging from 35 to 425°C) and loading frequency (ranging from 0.01 to 100 Hz). The measured data (the storage modulus, loss modulus, and mechanical damping) are compared to available transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry data, to ascertain whether unexplained variations of the viscoelastic behavior of the alloys can be correlated to phase transformations. The results suggest that some of these variations may be controlled by the formation and dissolution of metastable phases, such as Guinier–Preston (GP) zones and phases β″, β′, and B′. Indeed, GP zones and phase β″ have been reported to control other mechanical properties. However, due to the high complexity of the aging path of Al–Mg–Si alloys, with formation and dissolution reactions of many precipitate types overlapping along wide
Rojas, Jose I.Contel, AlejandroCrespo, Daniel
This recommended practice provides recommendations for minimizing high temperature oxidation (HTO) during the heat treatment of aluminum alloy products and parts. HTO leads to deterioration of properties
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The use of aluminum to manufacture injection molds aims to maximize the productivity of plastic parts, as its alloys present higher heat conductivity than tool steel alloys. However, it is essential to accurately control the injection molding parameters to assure that the design tolerances are achieved in the final molded plastic part. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the use of aluminum alloys in high-volume production processes. It delves into the correlation between the type of material used for mold production (steel or aluminum) and the thickness of the injected part, and how these variables affect the efficiency of the process in terms of the quantity and quality of the produced parts. The findings suggest that replacing steel molds with aluminum alloys significantly reduces injection molding cycle time, the difference ranging from 57.1% to 72.5%. Additionally, the dimensional accuracy and less distortion provided by aluminum have improved product quality. In case of
Marconi, PedroAmarante, EvandroFerreira, CristianoBeal, ValterRibeiro Júnior, Armando
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.040 to 0.249 inch (1.02 to 6.32 mm), inclusive, in thickness (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of die and hand forgings 6.000 inches (152.00 mm) and under in nominal thickness at time of heat treatment (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.040 to 0.249 inches (1.02 to 6.32 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
The present study discusses the effect of installation torque on the surface and subsurface deformations for thin-walled 7075 aluminum alloy adapters used in Aerospace applications. An FE model was constructed to predict the effect of torque-induced stresses on thin-walled geometry validated with experimentation. A detailed surface analysis was performed on 7075 aluminum to check superficial discontinuities, residual stresses, and grain deformations. The localized strain hardening resulting from increased dislocation density and its effect on surface microhardness was further studied using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The predicted surface level plastic strain of .25%, on the castle nut adapter, was further validated with grain deformations measured using optical and scanning electron microscopy
Yarolkar, MakrandHarish, UppuPatil, SandipPatil, Manasi
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of rolled or cold finished bars and rods of the sizes specified in 3.3.1.1 (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 4.000 to 10.000 inches (101.6 to 254.0 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, wire, profiles, and tubing up to 5.000 inches (127.00 mm), inclusive, in nominal diameter or least thickness (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification establishes the requirements for a hard anodic coating on aluminum and aluminum alloys
AMS B Finishes Processes and Fluids Committee
This document covers the recommended practice for determining the acceptability of the dendrite arm spacing (DAS) of D357-T6 aluminum alloy castings required to have tensile strength not lower than 50 ksi (345 MPa
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Aluminum and its alloys entered a main role in the engineering sectors because of their applicable characteristics for indispensable applications. To enhance requisite belongings for the components, the composition of variant metal/nonmetal with light metal alloys is essential in the manufacturing industries. To enhance the wear resistance with significant strength property of the aluminum alloy 2024, the reinforcement SiC and fly ash (FA) were added with the designation Al2024 + 10% SiC; Al2024 + 5% SiC + 5% FA; and Al2024 + 10% FA via stir-casting technique. The wear resistance property of the composites was tested in pin-on-disc with a dry-sliding wear test procedure. The experiment trials were designed in Box–Behnken design (BBD) by differing the wear test parameters like % of reinforcement, sliding distance (m), and load (N). The wear tests on casted samples were carried out at the constant velocity of 2 m/sec, such that the corresponding wear rate for the experiment trials was
Sivakumar, N.Sireesha, S. C.Raja, S.Ravichandran, P.Sivanesh, A. R.Aravind Kumar, R.
In this article, we investigated the effects of material parameters on the clinching joint geometry using finite element model (FEM) simulation and machine learning-based metamodels. The FEM described in this study was first developed to reproduce the shape of clinching joints between two AA5052 aluminum alloy sheets. Neural network metamodels were then used to investigate the relation between material parameters and joint geometry as predicted by FEM. By interpreting the data-driven metamodels using explainable machine learning techniques, the effects of the hard-to-measure material parameters during the clinching are studied. It is demonstrated that the friction between the two metal sheets and the flow stress of the material at high (up to 100%) plastic strain are the most influential factors on the interlock and the neck thickness of the clinching joints. However, their dependence on the material parameters is found to be opposite. First, while the friction between the two metal
Nguyen, Duc VinhTran, Van-XuanLin, Pai-ChenNguyen, Minh ChienWu, Yan-Jiu
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet and plate 0.017 to 2.000 inches (0.43 to 50.80 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of sheet 0.020 to 0.128 inch (0.51 to 3.25 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded rods, bars, and profiles (shapes) 0.040 to 1.500 inches (1.02 to 38.10 mm), inclusive, in thickness, and produced with maximum cross-sectional area of 23.25 square inches (15000 mm2) and a maximum circumscribing circle diameter (circle size) of 15.5 inches (394 mm) (see 2.4.1 and 8.6
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of plate 1.000 to 6.000 inches (25.40 to 152.40 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.5
AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
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